I-Biograge
I- "Konk-Gorboon" ingenye ethandwa kakhulu eRussia nasensimini yasePospoviet yemisebenzi yezingane zeminyaka yezikole zamabanga aphansi. Ugogo nomkhulu nogogo nomkhulu bafunda le ndaba yenkondlo, wahoxiswa ohlelweni lwesikole futhi waphenduka futhi. Isiphetho sikaPeter Ershov, "uBaba" wehhashi-humpback, awebunzima kunokuba umlando wokudalwa kanye nezincwadi zenganekwane.Ubuntwana nentsha
UPeter Pavlovich Ershov wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 22, 1815 edolobhaneni laseBezrukovo Tobolsk esifundeni saseBezrukovo (manje esesifundeni saseTyumen). Umama wembongi yesikhathi esizayo, u-Eutemy Vasilyevna, wafika emndenini wabathengisi. Ubaba uPavel Alekseevich wabamba okuthunyelwe kokulungiswa.
Ebuntwaneni, uPetru wayebuthakathaka kakhulu, futhi u-Ershov wamesabela kakhulu ngempilo yakhe. Ukusuka ekuphelelweni yithemba, baze banquma ngisho naso isiko elikhuluma kabi "selithengiswa" sengane: ingane ebuhlungu "yanikeza" ngepeni. Yiqiniso, ingane yahlala nabazali bayo, nendoda empofu, njengoba ibikholwa, yathatha lesi sifo.
Ngenxa yohlobo lwenkonzo kababa, umndeni wawuvame ukuthutha, futhi iminyaka eyi-8 yokuqala imbongi yekusasa ihlala e-Omsk nasePetropavlovsk. Kwathi ngo-1924, uyise wathumela uPhetro nomfowabo uNicholas waba yi-Tobolsk, ukuze amadodana aqeqeshelwe endaweni yokuzivocavoca. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi eside, abafana bekufanele bahlale ekutholeni abazali babo, emndenini kamalume, umthengisi kaNikolai Stenyanovich Pillov. Yena, indoda ecebile noPhatroni, ingeyokuma-nathews ngokufudumele kakhulu.
Omunye umuntu obambe iqhaza empilweni kaPhetro kwakuwumqondisi weGymnasium Ivan Mendulev, uYise we-Great Chemisty Dmitry MendeleV. Ngaye, kamuva waba abangane futhi waze wamnika umvundla wakhe wokutholwa naye ukuba ashade naye.
Ngemuva kokuphothula e-Gymnasium, uMfoweth 'u-Ershov waqhubeka nokufunda kwabo e-University of Imperial St. Petersburg, njengoba ubaba athunyelwa ukuba asebenze enhlokodolobha. Kamuva, uPhetro wathola imfundo ephakeme ngeminyaka engama-20 nje, yize ayengathandeki: Ngemuva kokukhululwa, akazange azi nolunye ulimi lwangaphandle, yize efunda engosimlando nezobuchwepheshe.
Ukudala
"UKok-Gorboon," owaletha uPeter Fame wabhalwa yimbongi encane phakathi neminyaka yomfundi. Ekuqaleni, eSt. Petersburg, kwakunzima kule nsizwa: enhlokodolobha, ikholera busheva, abantu abakha kabusha. Konke lokhu kwaveza umbono ocindezelayo e-Yershov.
Ngemuva kwalokho wenze umqondo womlando, umlingiswa ophambili wayo ozoba mpofu futhi ulungile. Ingxenye yezinkondlo ye- "Konk-Gorbok" etholakele, ngenxa yePeter Alexandrovich Pletnev, umbhekisi weNyuvesi kanye noProfesa wezincwadi zaseRussia. Utshengise umfundi ku-Yershov's Fairy Table Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, futhi umbhali we-novice ekugcineni wanquma ngokuqondisa okuhle kwesakhiwo nokwethulwa kwenkondlo.
Lapho kuqedwa "uPhetro wanikeza inkantolo enkomweni i-Alexander pushkin kanye noVasily Zhukovsky, asondelana naye. Inganekwane yabangela ukuvunyelwa kwakhe ngesivunguvungu, futhi i-pushkin yasho lokho ngemuva kwe-skate-gorboon, wayengasakwazi ukukhathazeka ngohlobo oluhle futhi ashiye ngale ndlela yama-eseyi.
Kamuva nje, le ndima evela enganekwaneni, i-yershov, yafundwa evela emnyangweni waseyunivesithi uqobo, kwathi enye ingqungquthela ye- "skate ..." enyatheliswa kulabhulali yanyanga zonke "yokufunda" ngo-1834. Impumelelo yaholela ekutheni ngo-Okthoba 1834 i-Fairy Tage yashicilelwa ngokuphelele. Incwadi kaPeter Yersshova yathengiswa ngentengo yama-ruble ama-5 ekhophi ngalinye.
Ngemuva kwenyanga, uPetru wavikela impumelelo - ephrintiwe, engxenyeni yokuqala "yakudala" yayo yanikezwa, ama-ballads "Isikole saseSiberia", bese elesibili. Lo msebenzi ubuye waphumelela: Ku-1840s, "ubuhle" baba uhlelo lwengoma ye-2nd sesifunda saseSiberia. Abazange bakhohlwe "iSikole saseSiberia" kamuva - ekwenzeni umculo, abahlabeleli abaningi nabahlabeleli benza i-ballad yomlando, kubandakanya noNadezhda Babkin.
Impumelelo "Skate-Gorbunk" yavula umlobi omncane emphakathini wokudala waseSt. Petersburg. UPhetro waqala ukuya emihlanganweni yababhali, wajwayelana nozakwabo emhlanganweni wokusebenzela futhi wacabanga ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe uzobe ebhala umsebenzi.
Kodwa-ke, ngobudlova futhi, mhlawumbe, ubuntwana obusetshenziselwe esifundazweni, i-Ershov yehlulekile ukuhlola ubudlelwane obuminyene nezincwadi ngesimo sezepolitiki. Ngenxa yalokho, uhulumeni wabona isimo sengqondo sokungahloniphi ngamandla ebukhosini e "skate-gorbuke", futhi le ncwadi yaguqulwa ekushicilelweni. Ngakho-ke, naphezu kokuthandwa kwezinganekwane ezifuywayo, phrinta "isiketi ..." ngo-1856 kuphela, ngemuva kokushintsha inkosi.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ngemuva kokudlula kwe-OPALA, Peter Pavlovich ngo-1857 kwatholakala ohlwini lwabantu abafanelwe ukuqiniseka uhulumeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlobi njengomuntu onomusa, ohlakaniphile nothembekile obonakaliswa kuwo. Abagxeki baphendule ngenganekwane ephindwe kabili: wadunyiswa, wathuka. Phakathi kwabantu 'abaKog-Gorbok "abanambitheki, kwakunguVisarion Belinsky waseBelinsky, owahlula umsebenzi wombhali esihlokweni sakhe.
Esikhathini esizayo, ensimini yezinkolelo, u-Ershov wazama ngokwakhe ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene: wabhala izinkondlo zazo zombili izinhlobo ezincane nezikhulu, okuhlanganisiwe kwezezimali nezimangaliso. Kodwa-ke, impumelelo ye- "Skate ..." ayikwazanga ukuphinda okungekho komsebenzi wakhe olandelayo. Izinkondlo zePetra zazingesibili futhi ezinefomu eliphelele azizange zibangele abafundi abaphanga izinkondlo ze-Overy Age, akukho ntshisekelo kokuqukethwe kwazo.
Imbongi izame ukubuyela ku "hlobo lwabantu" futhi yaqala ukubhalwa kwenkondlo u-Ivan-Tsarevich. Kepha umphumela womsebenzi u-Ershov ngokwezigaba awuzange uthande, futhi wawubhubhisa umbhalo wesandla. Futhi, uPetru wazama ukubhala i-libretto ku-opera enendaba enhle ethi "inkemba eyethusayo". Umsebenzi wawuphumelela kakhulu, kepha ekukhanyeni kwawo awuzange wethule - i-opera mikhail glinka "impilo yenkosi" yenza umsebenzi we-yershov engadingekile.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
I-biography kaPeter Pavlovich, ngaphandle kobuciko, ibingelula futhi. Maphakathi ne-1830s, insizwa ethile yasuka enhlokodolobha: Uqale wafa umfowabo, ke - ubaba, futhi othile kwadingeka athathe umama ekunakekelweni. I-Ershov ibuyiselwe eTobolsk, lapho athola khona okuthunyelwe kothisha uThobolsk Gymnasium. Ekuqaleni, uPhetro wahlela ukuba ngumfundisi we-verbost, kepha lokhu okuthunyelwe akutholakalanga. Ngakho-ke, kwadingeka ngifundise izazi zokuzivocavoca ngesiLatin, uPhetro uqobo akazange azithande nakancane.
Ngemuva kokushona kukamama, indoda ecatshangelwa kakhulu ukubuyela eSt. Petersburg, kepha izimo zomuntu zingenelele: UPeter wathandana. Umfelokazi waba ngumfelokazi kaSerafim Leshchev, owayesenezinsana ezine. Umshado wathatha iminyaka emi-5, owesifazana wafa ngokuzala. U-Ershov washada nama-Olimpiki aseKuzmin, kepha lo mshado waphela ngo-1853 ngenxa yokufa komlingani.
U-Ovdov kaninginingi, uPeter Pavlovich akazange alahle ithemba lokuthola injabulo empilweni yakhe, futhi ekugcineni wakwazi. Ngonkosikazi wesithathu, umlobi ka-Elena Cherkasy waphila kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe. Sebebonke, izingane eziyi-15 zazalelwa emishadweni, kwazalwa izingane eziyi-15, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba iningi lalihlala ezine kuphela.
Umsebenzi kaPeter Pavlovich njengomfundisi, yize engathandi isiLatin, waphumelela. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-8 yomsebenzi, waba ngumhloli we-tobolsk gymnasium, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka engama-21 wakhonza ngaphambi kokuthunyelwe kwe-Director.
Inkonzo yase-Ershov yakhokhela isikhathi esiningi nokunakwa: Akukhawulelwe endaweni yokuzivocavoca, uPeter Pavlovich wasungula izikole ezintsha eziningana, kubandakanya nezikhungo zemfundo zabesifazane ezingandile zalezo zikhathi. Ubuye wabhala ama-Essages engqikithini ye-pedagogical, waqalela inhlangano yethiyetha yeshashalazi e-Gymnasium, okubhalwe kuyo imidlalo.
Ukushona
Imbangela eqondile yokufa kukaPeter Pavlovich ayaziwa. Ngaphambi kwenzalo, kuphela imininingwane eyafinyelelezwa ukuthi iminyaka yokugcina yempilo indoda eyayihlaselwa yindoda - ukugula okukhulu okuqongelela esiswini sesisu. Naphezu kwezimpawu ezibuhlungu, u-Ershov wayehlale ekhuthele futhi enamandla.
UPeter Pavlovich Ershov ushone ngo-Agasti 18, 1869 e-Tobolsk. Ithuna lembongi litholakala emathuneni okudayela kwasendaweni. Etsheni lethuna kukhona umbhalo, othi ngaphansi kwawo nguMlobi wenganekwane "Kon-Gorbok".
Ngemuva kokufa, ukuqashelwa kokuqanjwa kwe-Ershov kwavela ukuthi kuphakeme kunakuphila. Ukuhlonipha yena, imigwaqo e-Tobolsk nase-Isima yaqanjwa igama, kanti idolobhana laseBezrukovo liqamba kabusha igama lika-Ershovo ngo-1960. UPeter Pavlovich wabeka izikhumbuzo ezi-2 nokugcwala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthola umbono wokubonakala kombhali ngenxa yezithombe ezimbalwa ezidonswa empilweni.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1834 - "Konk-Gorbok"
- Ngo-1834 - "Isikole saseSiberia"