I-Biograge
Umlingisi waseMelika uBett Davis, naphezu kwesimo esimnandi, uthathwa njengomunye wabalingisi abakhulu be-movie kaHollywood, omele kakhulu we-Cinema ye-1950s. Eminyakeni engama-60, wafaka inkanyezi kuma-melodrama namahlaya, amahlaya kanye nemiculo, uchungechunge lwethelevishini. Indlela yakhe yokudala ingumhloli futhi i-bumpy, impilo yomuntu siqu iyadabukisa, kepha ukuba khona kokungabaza kokuzibabaza akunakukhathazeka.Ubuntwana nentsha
Ephreli 5, 1908 eLowell, Massachusetts, emndenini wommeli uHarrlow Morrrla Davis noRuthegus Augustus umusa uthanda inkanyezi yesikhathi esizayo uRuth u-Elizabeth Davis. Ngemuva konyaka, indodakazi encane yavela emhlabeni - uBarbara Harriet.
Ukuze ungadidali umama nendodakazi yakhe, u-Elizabeth wabiza uBetty. Uhlobo olunciphile lwegama lesibili, kanye nokuvezwa kwenoveli ethi "Kuzina Betta" Onor de Balzak ebusheni bakhe kwaqinisekisa iGama ngokusemthethweni.
Ngemuva kwesehlukaniso nesiHarlow ngo-1915, uRuth Agasti wathuthela eBerkshire, lapho u-Elizabeth waya esikoleni saseBoging Crestalban. Ngo-1921, ingxenye yensikazi yomndeni uDavis iphinda yashintsha indlu, idlulela eNew York. EMelika, odade bajoyina ukunyakaza kwe-Scout. UBett waphumelela kangangokuba "waqonda" kumholi we-patrol.
Wafunda eBoring School Academy Kushing ku-Ashbourningham, Massachusetts. Lapha ukubheja kuhlangane nendoda yesikhathi esizayo iHarmoni Nelson.
Amafilimu
Ngo-1926, uDavis wabona ukukhiqizwa kukaHenrik IBSEN "Duck yasendle" nge-Blanche Jurche ne-Peg entoouised ezindimeni eziholayo. Ukuhlwa okuchithwa enkundleni yaseshashalazini kwaba ngokhiye e-Biography yentombazane - wambamba umcebo wokuba ngumlingisi. Le ntombazane yaqoshwa ngocwaningo esikoleni saseshashalazini saseshashalazini, kepha umqondisi wayo, umlingisi wayo u-Eva Le Galjnn, obizwa ngeBette "ukungazibisi"
American, ngaphandle kokuphelelwa yithemba, wazama ukufika eTheatre Troupe George Kicker. Umqondisi akazange ahlatshwe umxhwele ithalente lokuthatha uBetty, kodwa wamnika indima encane ehlwanyela intombazane ekwakhekeni ekwakhiweni kweBroadway. Ngo-1929, uDavis wathatha indawo ephakathi nendawo edlalwa "umhlaba phakathi" kwamaVirgil Geddes. I-Premiere yokusebenza yaqandeka unyaka, kepha i-Star Hour ye-bett isakade ishaye: UBlanche Yurka wamema intombazane ukuthi ifeze indima ye-hatwig ekwakheni okuthe xaxa kwe- "Wild Duck".
Ngo-1930, uDavis oneminyaka engu-22 ubudala waya ukunqoba iHollywood ngo-1930. Le ntombazane yehlulekile ukulalela studio zendawo yonke, kepha yayisetshenziswa 'njengezambatho' zamasampula abanye abadlali: amadoda ayi-15, ngamunye ngamunye, kwadingeka aqabule.
Ngemuva konyaka, uBett wabuyela esitudiyo, kodwa wakhetha ingubo engaphumeleli yalokhu: Intambo ejulile yaletha umqondisi uMqondisi uWilliam Whiler uqobo, futhi wakhipha intombazane epanini. Umqondisi we-Universal Studios Karl Lemmla ubekulungele ukuthola iminyango yenkampani kuze kube phakade, kepha eqondiswe uCharles Freund waphawula ukuthi wayefanelekile ukuba udwebe "udade ocebile" (1931). Le projekthi yefilimu isiphenduke i-american.
Kwaphela iminyaka emibili, ngo-1931 no-1932, umlingisi oboshelwe ku-6 amafilimu amafilimu e-Universal Studios naseColumbia Izithombe: "I-Bridge Waterloo", "Imbewu", "Inhlamba YaseHellish". Akekho kubo owayedumile, ngakho-ke yena, wadumala ngethalente lakhe, wanquma ukuhamba eHollywood.
Umlingisi uGeorge Arlissa wabanjwa ngesikhathi, wancoma uDavis ngendima eyinhloko kwifilimu ethi "Indoda eyayidlalela uNkulunkulu" (1932). Le filimu yaletha intombazane eyayiliphelile. I-warner bros. Usayine isivumelwano seminyaka emi-5 naye. Ubuciko babo obuhlangene bathatha iminyaka eyi-18.
Ukuqashelwa okubanzi kwe-Grika Davis etholwe ngo-1934, kudlala ekuhlolweni kwamafilimu komLialliam Somerset Moem "Umthwalo Wezinkanu Zabantu". Kuze kube manje, abalingisi abaningi abanokuhlangenwe nakho benqabile ukuba yindima yama-roger athambile, uBette wabona ithuba lokubonisa lonke i-spectrum yamakhono okusebenza.
Ngemuva kokuqopha kule filimu, iphephandaba i-New York Times abizwa ngokuthi nguDavis "omunye wabalingisi banamuhla banamuhla," kwathi ngo-1935 wabelwa iprimiyamu ye-Oscar ngendima engcono kakhulu yabesifazane. UBett wasabela kulo mklomelo wasuswa ngokuwubiza ngokuthi "umklomelo oduduzayo."
UDavis wayekholelwa ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe uyahlupheka ngenxa ye-mediocre empyus ye- "angenalutho-ubuhle bekholamu", ngakho-ke, ukwephula imigomo yenkontileka enomdwebo wempi owumele futhi wafaka isicelo sokumiswa kwenkampani yefilimu . Labo, nokho, baphendula icala. UDavis wachaza ngezintatheli:
"Bengazi ukuthi uma ngizoqhubeka nokuvela emibhalweni ye-mediocre, bengingenawo umsebenzi okufanele uwulwe."
Umlingisi ulahlekelwe yinkantolo wabuyela eHollywood - ngezikweletu phambi kwe-Warner Bros. Futhi ngaphandle kwenkontileka. Ukuntuleka kwedokhumenti, noma kunjalo, akuzange kube seDavide: Ngeqhaza kwifilimu elithi "Jezevel" (1938), intombazane yaba okwesibili ngokuthi "u-Oscar". Impumelelo yavusa amahlebezi kumaphepha abezindaba, ngokusho ukuthi uBett kwadingeka afeze indima ye-Scarlett O'hara kwifilimu "ihambile ngomoya". Umqondisi wakhetha umlingisi odumile omusha weViviene Viving Lee.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, uBett Davis Davis ogama lakhe liqanjwe ngamathebula. "Ukunqoba ubumnyama" (1939) Ngaletha umlingisi wesithathu u-Oscar, futhi "impilo yangasese ka-Elizabeth no-Essex" (1939) yaba yimifanekiso yokuqala neyokuphela kombala kwadubula ukuphakama komsebenzi wakhe. Ukuze adlale u-Elizabeth Mina esemdala, uDavis kwadingeka aphuce izinwele zakhe namashiya.
Iqhaza LamaRegina Hyddens emshadweni "Iziteshi Ezincane" (1941) wenza uBett Davis umlingisi wesibili ngemuva kukaFei Danaway, onama-heroine awela eqoqweni laseMelika Institute of Cinematography "100 of Great Village". Le filimu ingumsebenzi wokugcina esithombeni samafilimu nama-william untale.
Ngesikhathi sempi, uDavis wasuka kumakhamera, ekhombisa ithalente kumasosha ezinkundla zemidlalo. Abalingisi abaningi balandela isijobelelo sakhe: Bahlangana namaqhawe phambilini emaKabak nasezitolo zokudlela, balalise ama-monalogies noma baxoxe. Le micimbi yayisuselwa kwifilimu ethi "Hollywood Shop for Troops" (1944).
Ezikhumbuzweni zika-1962, uDavis wabhala:
"Empilweni yami kunezimpumelelo eziningana engiziqhenya ngazo ngobuqotho. "I-Hollywood shop" ingenye yazo. "Ngo-1980, umlingisi ukhuthazele indondo "ngezinsizakalo ezivelele emkhakheni wezombusazwe." Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwendodakazi ngo-1947, ukuthandwa kukaDavis kuya ehlelweni: Wenqabile izindima ezalethwa kumanye ama-Accoles Awards, izimo ezigxekile kunozakwabo abasebenza nabo. Ngawo-1950s, wabizwa ngokuthi umlingisi ohlasekisayo nangobugovu.
Ukusuka ekuweni kokugcina, umMelika wasindisa umjaho "ngokwenzeka enganeni kaJane?" (1962), lapho umlingisi eboshelwe khona noJoan Crawford - isitha sakhe esifungelwe. Abesifazane ngesigamu sekhulu bancintisana ngemivuzo nabesilisa, bazondana. Ngemuva kokufa kukaCrawford ngo-1977, uDavis uthe:
"Kwabafileyo, kuyisiko lokukhuluma kahle. UJoan Crawford ushonile? Kuhle lokho".Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngokokuqala ngqa, uBettis Davis washada ngo-Agasti 18, 1932 eYum, e-Arizona. Induna yaba i-Harmoning Oscar Nelson. Umshado waxoxwa ngenkuthalo kwabezindaba: Umlingisi wawusezingeni eliphezulu lokuthandwa, futhi imali etholwayo yayingama- $ 1 ngesonto, ngenkathi lowo oshade naye aletha imali engaphansi kwe- $ 100 kwisabelomali somndeni isikhathi esifanayo.
UDavis uphendule ngokuthi abafazi abaningi baseHollywood bathola okungaphezu kwabayeni babo, kodwa ngenxa yeNelson, ukuphakama kwezezimali kwabonakala kuhlazisayo. Kwafika lapho wenqabela ukuba athenge indlu, ngoba wayengakwazi ukumkhokhela yena uqobo.
Ngenxa yalokho, imali yacekelwa phansi ngobudlelwano bemindeni. Emshadweni noNelson, uDavis uphinde wasebenzisa ukukhipha isisu kaningi, ngoba wayengafuni ukukhulisa ingane emndenini "onzima". Ngo-1938, uHarmoni wafunda ukuthi umkakhe uzomshintsha nge-Actor Howard Hughes, futhi waba nesehlukaniso.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlunga ethepheni "Jezevel", uBett wahlangana nomqondisi uWilliam Willer. Intombazane yambiza ngokuthi "uthando lwempilo yakhe."
Ngo-1940, uBette osontekile waseRoma noGeorge Brent, osebenza naye kwifilimu "amanga amahle". Umlingisi wamcela ukuba ashade, futhi wenqaba - URurur Farnsworth wahlangana, umnikazi wehhotela eNew England. Lo mbhangqwana washada ngoDisemba wonyaka ofanayo eRimoka, e-Arizona. Ngo-Agasti 1943, oshade naye washona.
Ngo-1945, uDavis washada nomculi uWilliam Grant Sherry. Le ndoda yaba nentshisekelo kukho ayengakaze izwe ngomlingisi ngaphambili. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, eneminyaka engu-39, uBette wabeletha izibulo - uBarbara Davis Sherry. Umlingisi wahlaba umxhwele ukuba ngumama, wacabanga kakhulu ngokuphothulwa komsebenzi. Kodwa-ke, inani leziphakamiso likhule ngokuqinile, lona wesifazane wanyamalala kulokhu kudubula, okwakukhona ebudlelwaneni phakathi kukamama nendodakazi.
Kusukela ngo-1950, usaziwayo wawushade noGary Merrill. Lo mbhangqwana wamukele le ntombazane nomfana, uMargo Mosere (Januwari 6, 1951) noMichael (January 5, 1952). Eminyakeni eyi-10 ngemuva komshado, umshado wawa. Isizathu saba tshwala nodlame lwasekhaya.
Ukushona
Ngo-1983, uDavis wathola umdlavuza webele futhi waqhuba i-mastercy. Umlingisi wahlushwa unhlangothi ezine, ngenxa yalokho ingxenye yesobunxele yomzimba wayo ekhubazekile. Lesi sifo asiphoqi ukuthi uBette ashiye ukubhema notshwala: kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo abhema ugwayi ofika ku-100 ngosuku.
Emcimbini wama-American Cinema Awathola umkhosi ngo-1989, uDavis washonelwa. Umzuzu wokuwa ushicilele wonke amathebhu. Umlingisi wenqabile ukuya esibhedlela, kwathi ngo-Okthoba 6 woMonth oneminyaka engu-8, uBettis oneminyaka engama-81 washona esuka ekuphindelweni komdlavuza webele. Ukungcwatshwa emathuneni amagquma aseHollywood eduze kukamama nodadewethu.
Izics
- Ngo-1931 - "udadewabo omubi"
- Ngo-1934 - "Umthwalo Wezinkanu Zabantu"
- 1935 - "Ingozi"
- Ngo-1938 - "I-JEZEVEL"
- Ngo-1939 - "Impilo yangasese u-Elizabeth no-Essex"
- Ngo-1942 - "Kulokhu Kuphila Kwethu"
- 1945 - "Ummbila UZelen"
- 1952 - "Star"
- 1956 - "Isipho Somshado, Noma Konke Njengabantu"
- Ngo-1962 - "Kwenzekani kuMntwana Jane?"
- Ngo-1964 - "I-Cherry, i-Searer, Cute Charlotte"
- 1989 - "Umama Omzali Omubi"