I-Biograge
Ukufa kukaJohn Kennedy kubhekwa njengezinhlekelele ezinkulu kakhulu zekhulu le-XX. NgoNovemba 22, 1963, ukushayela endaweni evulekile emigwaqweni yaseDallas, eTexas, uMongameli wase-US 35 wadutshulwa wabulawa. Okuwukuphela komsolwa osemthethweni, noma, ngokweKhomishini, uWarren, onecala, ukuthi uHarvey Oswald ungumuntu waseMelika owazonda izwe lakhe. Amaqiniso e-biography yakhe afakazele ukuthi u-Oswald angaba ngumbulali kaJohn Kennedy kungaba yisisulu sokwenza uzungu.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Lee Harvey Oswald wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 18, 1939 eNew Orleans, eLouisiana. Ubaba uRobert Edward Lee Oswald Sr. wabulawa ngokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ezinyangeni ezi-2 ngaphambi kokubukeka kwakhe. Izingane - u-Lee kanye nabafowethu abaphezulu uRobert Edward Lee noJohn Edward Peak - bahlala ekunakekelweni kukamama uMargarer Franger. Kunikeze amadodana amathathu kwaba nzima: izinyanga eziyi-13 abafana bachitha izintandane.
Ngo-1944, umndeni wakwa-Oswald wathuthela eDallas, lapho unyaka kamuva waya ebangeni lokuqala. Othisha babona umfana 'njengabavaliwe futhi enolaka.' Isici sokugcina sasivame ukuboniswa kakhulu esikoleni, okwakudingeka siguqule izikhungo eziyi-12. Ngo-Agasti 1952, umama oneminyaka engu-12 washaya umama wakhe wasongela unkosikazi womfowenu ohlanganisiwe ngommese.
Ebuntwaneni, u-Oswald wahlolwa ukuthi ahlolwe ngokwengqondo, okwambulela "ukuphazamiseka kobuntu ngezinto ze-schizoid kanye nezitayela ezinolaka." Ngamanye amagama, ukuboniswa kwamandla kaLee kwazama ukunxephezela ukushiyeka kwakhe: Wahlupheka eDyslexia - washeshe wakufunda, kodwa wangazi ukuthi ukubhala.
Ngo-1954, umndeni ubuya eNew Orleans. Le nsizwa ibingaphothulwa kalula amamaki ayisishiyagalombili naku-9, kwathi ngehora leshumi lapholisa isikole. Wasebenza njengesithunywa ehhovisi, e-Courier. NgoJulayi 1956, uLee wathatha omunye umzamo wokuphothula esikoleni, kodwa eneminyaka engu-17, wayeka ngenxa yengane yasolwandle.
Inkonzo Yezempi Nemisebenzi
Ngo-Okthoba 24, 1956, u-Oswald wabhaliswa e-US Marine Corps. Ku-Commission Warren (Yakhelwe ukuphenya ngokubulawa kukaJohn Kennedy) Lee Sumfary umfowethu uJohn Peak kufakazela ukuthi ukuhamba kwamasosha kwakuyisizathu sokuphuma emqondweni kamama.
Ekhadini lomuntu siqu le-Oswald Ejwayelekile, kuboniswa ukuthi isisindo esingu-61 kg ngokuphakama kwama-173 cm, ukuhamba okuhlukile nokwethuka. 'Wayenemvume yokucubungula izinto eziyimfihlo, kufaka phakathi okuyimfihlo "njengomsebenzi we-elekthronikhi yendiza.
Njengabanye abakwa-infantrymense, noma ngabe baphumelela ukuhlolwa kokudubula. Umphumela ngoDisemba 1956 waba ngamaphuzu angama-212, aphakeme ngandlela thile kunezidingo zokuhlwitha. Eminyakeni engu-3 kamuva, izinkomba zakhe ziba zimbi kakhulu - amaphuzu angama-191.
Isikhali sabangela izinkinga zika-Osvald embuthweni. Okokuqala wema phambi kwe-Tribunal, lapho edubula emgodleni wesibhamu, esasingemi efleyini. Le nsizwa yanquma ukuthi elinye lamaSergents esigaba sakhe lalinecala kwalokhu, futhi kwathina impi yalahleka. Ngesikhathi sesithathu, ngaphandle kwesidingo adubula ehlathini. NgoSepthemba 11, ngo-1959 kwasula esikhundleni sesicelo sakhe.
U-Oswald wayenesifiso sobukhomanisi, impilo e-USSR nasebuthweni laqala ukufunda isiRussia. Ngo-Okthoba 1959, iMelika yafika eMoscow yazithoba ekutholeni izakhamuzi. Isicelo senqatshelwe. Izindaba ezikhohlisiwe zazizama ukuzibulala.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 ezichithwe e-PsyshoryBnice, u-Oswald wacela inxusa laseMelika eMoscow ukulahla ukuba yisakhamuzi saseMelika. Utshele izikhulumeli mayelana nenkonzo esiteshini saseRadar futhi wathembisa ukwazisa i-USSR leyo hhayi imininingwane ebalulekile. Ukunikezwa akusashiywanga ngaphandle kokunakwa: noma ngabe abadingiswa.
Insizwa yathunyelwa eMinsk ukuphendukela ku-Turner kwi-Elektroniki Plant "Horizon". Umholo wakhe ngemiklomelo namaprimiyamu kwakungama-ruble angama-700 - izikhathi ezi-5 ezingaphezu kwanoma yimuphi umsebenzi waseSoviet. U-Oswald waqoka indlu enezinto ezinikezwe endlini ehlonishwayo emgwaqweni. UKalinina (manje - ul. AmaKhomanisi). Ulimi lwaseRussia lwaqeqeshwa uStanislav Shushkevich, inhloko yekusasa leRiphabhulikhi yaseBelarus.
NgoJuni 1962, uLee nomkakhe uMarina Oswald nendodakazi yakhe uJun bathuthela e-United States. Umndeni wancishiswa eduze kwaseDallas, "kwi-Russian Quater". Umngani osondelene naye waseMelika wayengumfuduki uGeorge de Morainhild. Baxoxa ngemibono yamaKhomanisi nenguquko, bazonda izwe abahlala kulo. I-Warren Commission yasikisela ukuthi lezi zingxoxo zadonswa engqondweni ukuzama ukubulala umuntu ohlala naye othathe umhlalaphansi u-Edwin Walker, uKhomanisi.
NgoMashi 1963, u-Oswald ngaphansi kwe-pseudonym A. Hidell wathenga isibhamu nesivukeli. Ngo-Ephreli 10, kusukela kude engama-30 m, wadubula enkabeni ye-Edwin Walker ehleli etafuleni. Inhlamvu yaphuka ngohlaka lwewindi ukuthi wasindisa i-serviceman yempilo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi u-Oswald wayefuna ukwesabisa i-Walker, hhayi ukubulala, futhi ngamabomu avumele ububi.
Esikhathini ezinyangeni ezilandelayo, u-Osawald wahola inqubomgomo esebenzayo ekusekeleni iCuban Revolution, akaphumelelanga ukungena kulesi siqhingi futhi ekugcineni wabuyela eDallas. Wahlala nokusebenza encwadini yeTexas School, ewindini lawo labulawa nguMongameli Kennedy.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Bobabili abesifazane empilweni yomuntu siqu kaLee Harvey OwnW bangamaRussia. Kusukela ngoJuni 1960, wayenobudlelwano nomuntu osebenza naye "e-Horizon" ngu-Ella Herman. Ekuqaleni kuka-1961, le nsizwa yamnika ukuba abe ngumkakhe, wenqaba - akazange athande ukuthi ngabe wesaba ukushada yini neMelika. Kukholakala ukuthi ukwenqatshwa kukaHerman kwaqhubekela phambili u-Oswald ukufuduka.
Ngo-Mashi 1961, uLee wajwayelana noMarina Nikolaevna Prusakova - umfundi oneminyaka engu-19 ubudala wekhemisi. Abathandi bashada ngo-Ephreli wonyaka ofanayo, kwathi ngoFebhuwari 15, 1962 baba nendodakazi kaJoon.
U-Wararen ujwayele ikhomishini efakazele ukuthi u-Oswald wayenodlame lwasekhaya emndenini. Abafuduki baseRussia ababehlala eduzane naseDallas bazisola ngale ntombazane, baletha amathoyizi okudla kwakhe, kodwa kwakuthukuthele kakhulu.
Ngo-Okthoba 20, 1963, uLee noMarina bazalelwa indodakazi ka-Audrey.
UMurder John Kennedy
Indlela yokuhlangana kukaJohn Kennedy eDallas yayaziwa kusengaphambili - indlela yagijima eduze ne-Texan School Blocfloor.
NgoNovemba 21, ngosuku olwandulela ukubulawa, u-Oswald, umngani, ukumphonsa esikhungweni - kwakudingeka athwale ubusuku naphakade endlini kaMarina eya efulethini. Ekuseni ngoNovemba 22, kusale noma ngabe kushiye umlingani ongama- $ 170 nendandatho yomshado, futhi nawe wathatha isikhwama eside samaphepha, okusolwa ukuthi unama-cornices amade. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kunesibhamu kwiphakheji.
UCharles nikelns, osebenza naye ose-Oswald, kwiKhomishini YaseWarren watshelwa ukuthi wambona esitezi sesi-6 sesitoreji sencwadi eduzane no-11: 55 ngoNovemba 22 - Imizuzu engama-35 ngaphambi kokuqala kwesakhiwo sedolobha. Abanye abasebenzi abaningi ababona emsebenzini kuze kube ngu-12: 10. Ukudubula kuJohn Kennedy kwaqhutshwa ngo-12: 20.
Umbulali ukhiqize isibhamu esingu-3. Inhlamvu yokuqala indiza idlula kamongameli we-limousine, owesibili owafika phakathi kukaKennedy noJohn Konnali, umbusi waseTexas, umbusi wesithathu wabulawa - isibhamu sesikhubekile sasithokozela ngethempeli. Kamuva, uHoward Brennan, odlulayo, wathi ngemuva kokudutshulwa kokuqala kwabona efasiteleni lesitoreji sencwadi esitezi se-6.
U-Osawalu wayedinga imizuzu eyodwa nengxenye ukumboza isibhamu emabhokisini ngezincwadi futhi ushiye isitoreji sencwadi. Esitezi sesibili, wagijimela ephathini yamaphoyisa eBrarion Baker nekhanda lakhe lasekamelo.
Embikweni, uBaker waveza ukuthi u-Oswald akazange abukeke ngokukhohlanya, wethuka lapho kulethwa isibhamu. Kafushane ukhuluma namaphoyisa, u-Lee wahamba, wabe eseshiya indawo yokugcina impahla ngokungena kwangaphambili. Cishe 13:00 insizwa ethile yathatha izinto efulethini elikhiphekayo yahamba.
Ukuqondiswa kombulali kaKennedy's, kuhlanganiswe nguHoward Brennan, kwasiza ukugaywa kwe-Patrol typitis yeka umsolwa. Lapho i-typitis iphuma emotweni, ngabe umvukeli wahlwitha futhi wachofoza amahlandla ama-4 kwi-trigger.
Ukuboshwa nokuphenya
Ukuzama ukucasha, u-Oswald, ngaphandle kokukhokha, ungene eTexas Theatre. Sabona lokhu kuhlanza esitolo esilandelayo kunconyelwe isilawuli seshashalazi ukuthi sithinte amaphoyisa. Umbulali wayefuna ukulwa nengubo efikile, wathumela isibhamu kubo, kepha ahlubuki.
Cishe ngo-14: 00 ngoNovemba 22, uLi waletha eMnyangweni wamaphoyisa eDallas. Ngo-19: 00 wabekwa icala lokufa kokuqeqeshwa kwabahamba ngezinyawo, kwathi ngosuku olulandelayo - njengoKinner Kennedy. Izintatheli u-Oswald uthe:
"Angizange ngidubule noma ngubani. Bangibopha ngoba ngangihlala eSoviet Union. "Lapho kuphenywa, u-Oswald waphika ukuba khona kwesibhamu. Ebhizinisini, kunezithombe lapho insizwa ibamba isibhamu ngakolunye uhlangothi, itholakala egumbini lokugcina incwadi, kwelinye iphephandaba. Lesi sithombe senziwa nguMarina cishe ngoMashi 31, 1963. U-Lee ubize lezi zithombe "Duck".
I-Warren Commission yaphetha ngokuthi u-Oswald wadubula uMongameli yedwa. Isisusa esikhulu sibizwa ngokuthi "inzondo yomphakathi waseMelika." I-3% yombiko onamakhasi angama-888 awakashicilelwa, okubangela ukuvela kwamanye amaphuzu okubuka. Abanye ochwepheshe babiza isisulu sokwenza uzungu lukazwelonke, abanye bathi umbulali wayengeyedwa.
Ngokwenye inguqulo, uJohn Kennedy wadutshulwa hhayi u-Oswald, kodwa "amawele" akhe avela eSoviet Union. Ukuhlola umbono, ngemvume yomfelokazi ngo-1981, isidumbu senziwa. Ngokusho kwezithombe zamazinyo nokukhamuluka kwesokunxele ngemuva kokuvula, kwasungulwa ukuthi u-Oswald wayesethuneni.
Ukushona
NgoNovemba 24, 1963, amaphoyisa aholele u-Oswald emotweni ehlome ukuze amukele ejele. UJack Ruby, umnikazi weklabhu yasebusuku eDallas, waphuma esixukwini, wadubula e-Lee ebangeni eliseduze. Inhlamvu yangena esiswini.
U-Oswald osesimweni esingazi lutho waphuthunyiswa esibhedlela i-Parkland Memorial Hospital - okufanayo lapho uJohn Kennedy eshonile ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezimbili. HLOLA yeka ukuza ngo-13: 07.
UJack Ruby wabiza isenzo sakhe sokuzama "ukusindisa umphefumulo uNkk. Kennedy." Ngo-Mashi 1964, wagwetshwa intambo. Lesi sinqumo saphonswa inselelo. URuby wabulawa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu ngo-1967.
Umzimba ka-Oswald ungcwatshwe ngoNovemba 25 eShannon Rose Hill Memorial Park eFort Werte. Itshe lethu lethuna elibonisa igama eliphelele nezinsuku zokuphila nokufa kwebiwe. Manje kukhona i-slab yamagogo ethuneni elinombhalo we-Oswald.
Ukukhumbula
Inhlelweni enkulu kakhulu yekhulu le-XX yekhulu le-XX sephendukezelwe ukukhishwa kwamafilimu anemibhalo kanye nemisebenzi yobuciko, nokuthi ngabe ukuphela kwe-Oswald, njengomsolwa kuphela ekufeni kukaJohn Kennedy, umlingiswa wabo osemqoka.
Uma amafilimu ngalezi zinto ezenzakalelayo inqwaba, khona-ke izincwadi zingamayunithi. UStephen King enononjana enhle "11/22/63" (2011) Ukhuluma ngothisha wolimi lwesiNgisi uJake Epping, ongena esikhathini esedlule ukuvimbela ukubulala kukaJohn Kennedy. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le ncwadi iyinganekwane, amaqiniso ngoLee Harvey Oswald awahlanekezelwa. Inoveli isuselwa ku-mini-uchungechunge olufanayo lwe-jay uJay abrams. Esithombeni sesigebengu, uDaniel Webber wakhuluma.
Amafilimu
- Ngo-1964 - "Izinsuku ezine Zovemba"
- 1983 - "Kennedy"
- 1991 - "John F. kennedy: Shots eDallas"
- 1995 - "Nixon"
- 2000 - "Intokazi yokuqala"
- Ngo-2007 - "Ghost Oswald"
- 2011 - "Clan Kennedy"
- 2013 - "Parcanend"
- 2016 - "Jackie"
- 2016 - "11/22/223"