I-Biograge
I-biography ka-Evgenia Ivanovich Zamyatina yagcwala futhi igcwele amaqiniso athakazelisayo. Akunandaba ukuthi umbuso "awuzange uphule kangakanani" umlobi, umoya wakhe awukwazanga ukwephulwa, imbongi yaqhubeka nokuhlanganyela ebhizinisini lakhe elithandayo nama-yaros wavikela isikhundla sakhe.
U-Evgeny Zamyatin wazalwa ngoJanuwari 20 (February 1) ka-1884 esiFundazwe saseTambov, edolobheni laseLebedtan. Ubaba wasebenza njengompristi futhi wafundisa izwi likaNkulunkulu, futhi umama wakhe wayengumdlali wepiyano. Eminyakeni engu-4 ubudala, umfana wayevele efunda uGogol nezincwadi ezingathi sína esikhundleni sokuhlola.
Ngo-1893, abazali bathumela ingane eya eLebedlan Gymnasium, lapho imbongi yekusasa ibanjwe khona kuze kube ngu-1896. Lapho-ke umndeni wathuthela eVoronezh, futhi insizwa yathola iziqu eVoronezh Gymnasium ngendondo yegolide ngo-1902. Ezikhathini zesikole, iZamyatin yabhekana kahle nesayensi yokusiza abantu, kepha ayizange inikezwe izibalo.
Ngo-1902, le nsizwa yangena enhlanganweni yasePolytechnic yaseSt. Inhlangano, eFakalk of Shipbuild, lapho kwakufundwa khona izibalo zezibalo kwasekuqaleni. Ngo-1905, u-Evgeny Ivanovich ungene engxenyeni yeBolsheviks RSDLP kanye nabafundi ababambe iqhaza empilweni yezinguquko. Kulokhu, umbhali wesikhathi esizayo waboshwa, kodwa ngokushesha wakubonga imizamo kamama.
Ehlobo lika-1905, uZamyatin wabuya eGibhithe wafakaza ukuthi uvukeliswe impi yempi "potemkin". Kulokhu, lo mfo waphinde waboshwa wathunyelwa kwaLebedtan. Kamuva wakwazi ukubuyela ngokungemthetho ePotersburg futhi waphothula eyunivesithi ngo-1908. U-Youshevgeny osemncane uthole ukwakheka konjiniyela wasolwandle. Eminyakeni emi-2 ezayo, wasebenza njengothisha e-Faculty of Shopbinding.
Izincwadi
UZamyatin waqala ukubandakanyeka ekubhaleni imisebenzi ngo-1908, kwakhishwa indaba yakhe yokuqala, enyatheliswa kumagazini "Ezemfundo". Ngokufana, wasebenza kwenye indaba - "ntombazane". Ngo-1911, abaphathi bathola imbongi futhi ngokuphila ngokungemthetho baphuma kuye eLakhta. Lapho, wabhala indaba yokuqala ethi "County", lapho kwembula khona izinkinga zomhlaba weSifundazwe saseRussia. Abagxeki kanye nabalobi babona umsebenzi wejamu futhi bakwazisa kahle.
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ngo-1914, imbongi yaqamba le ndaba "kuKulichki", lapho imibala egqamile yakhuluma ngovalo lwezempi yezempi empumalanga yezempi empumalanga yezempi eMpumalanga Ekude. Kulokhu, iziphathimandla zimdonsela enkantolo futhi zibhekisele eKEM. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, kukhululwa jamming futhi kwathunyelwa ohambweni lwebhizinisi oluya e-England. Lapho-ke usebenza ngeziqu kumklami ophambili weRussia i-Iceberkers futhi uhole ukwakhiwa. Ngokufana, wabhala incwadi ethi "Iziqhingi".
U-Evgeny Zamyatin wabuyela eRussia ngoSepthemba 1917 kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka emi-4 edala inhlangano yababhali abasebasha "abafowethu baseSharapiones". Ngemuva kwe-Okthoba Revolution, le ndaba "eKlichki" yanyatheliswa, lapho ekuqaleni kwempi yavinjelwa.
Ngo-1920, imbongi yabhala le noveli "thina". Umsebenzi awuhambelani nokucwaninga kweSoviet, futhi akazange ashicilelwe. Ngaphandle kwemvume yombhali, le ncwadi yashicilelwa eMelika ngesiNgisi, eCzech naseFrance. I-Roman-antiutopia ilandisa ngokulawulwa okunzima komuntu. Kwelinye izwe, umsebenzi weZamytina wayethakazelisa kakhulu, futhi e-USSR wagxekwa.
Iziphathimandla zaseSoviet zomlobi zagxekwa futhi zinobuthi, kwathi ngo-1929, u-Evgeny Ivanovich wabhala incwadi eya ku-Stalin, lapho acela imvume yokuphuma ezweni. Ngemuva kwemvume ngo-1932, imbongi iqhubekela eParis, lapho iba ngumlobi wamaphephandaba amaFrance. Izihloko eziphambili zaziyisimo sesigcawu sanamuhla saseRussia nobuciko be-avant-garde. Naphezu kokuthandwa eFrance, imisebenzi yakhe ayizange ishicilelwe eSoviet Union.
Ngo-1934, imbongi yaphinde yamukela ababhali be-USSR. Abahlanganyeli benyunyana bakhuthaza ubukhomanisi futhi balwela ukuthula nobungani babantu. Ngo-1935, uZamyatin wahlanganyela eCongress of Anti-Fascist Congress futhi wayeyilungu leVoviet.
Ebhayibhelini lomlobi waseSoviet Kwakunezindaba ezingama-36, "umhlangano" wakhunjulwa ikakhulukazi emphakathini, walotshwa ngo-1920. Umsebenzi wadalwa ngesitayela sikaJamine futhi utshela isimo esibi senkathi yamatshe. U-Evgeny Ivanovich waphefumulelwa izimo ezijwayelekile zokuphila futhi wabhala izindaba zabo.
Enye indaba ebalulekile enhle kwakuyi "Dragon", eyabhalwa ngo-1918. Waduma ngenani elikhulu lesingathekiso, futhi umfundi akaqondi ngokushesha okushiwo. Kubukeka sengathi le ndaba yenzelwe izingane, kepha ngemuva kokuyifunda kaningana, umfundi uvula incazelo ehluke ngokuphelele. Umsebenzi uchaza isikhathi esingesi-1918, lapho impi yombango iqala eRussia.
Iminyaka eyi-10, kusukela ngo-1928 kuya ngo-1937, u-Evgeny Zamyatin wasebenza ngokulandisa okungokomlando "amaScythians", kepha akuzange kuqedwe. Inoveli yokugcina ethi "Beach NKULUNKULU" waba ngumsebenzi obalulekile wombhali. Ikhuluma ngesikhathi sokushona kwelanga koMbuso WaseRoma, kanye nomholi womholi weHunov Attila weGunnov.
Ukuba seParis, uZamyatin wabona ukuthi i-cinema iyavela, futhi yazame yena njengombhalisi. Ngakho-ke kanye noJacques, imbongi yabhala umbhalo wefilimu "ezansi". NgoMeyi 1935, u-Evgeny Ivanovich waphendukela esitudiyo "Metro-Goloden-Mayer" futhi wabanikeza ngezimo ezine ezenziwe nge-Tastle AmaMelika awazange avume ukubambisana nomlobi, futhi wazama ukuqala umsebenzi kwezinye izinkampani zamafilimu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu yembongi yaseRussia ayinamqhathanisi.
Ukuba ngumfundi, uZamyatin wahlangana nonkosikazi wakhe wesikhathi esizayo uLyudmila Nikolaevnanana. Umbhangqwana oshadile wacishe wangaboni ngenxa yezixhumanisi nokunyakaza kwaphakade, futhi abanazo izingane.
Ukushona
U-Evgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin washona ngo-53, Mashi 10, ngo-1937. Ukufa kwavela kungazelelwe, futhi isifo esibi esingaziwa saba yisizathu sakhe, esihlukumeze umuntu.
Umlobi wangcwatshwa emathuneni aseParis eTwi. Ngo-1965, umkakhe uLyudmila ushonile. Wangcwatshwa eceleni komyeni wakhe, futhi ithuna lalifana.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- U-Evgeny Zamyatin ebusheni bakhe wabeka indondo yakhe yegolide eLombard ngama-ruble angama-25.
- Umlobi waklama i-nevsky icebreaker edumile, eyathola igama elisha elithi "Lenin" ngemuva kwe-Okthoba Revolution.
- Amanoveli "1984" UGeorge Orwell kanye "no-451 degrees Fahrenheit" ray bradbury wabhalwa ngaphansi kwethonya lejamu.
- Umsebenzi womlobi waqala hhayi ngenxa yesifiso, kodwa kusukela ekuxinekeni ngenkathi uhlala esikhwameni sokuqala.
- U-Evgeny Ivanovich wabhala inoveli emnandi "thina" ngo-1920, kodwa eRussia yaqala ukuphrintwa ngo-1988 kuphela.
- "We 'saba yinoveli yokuqala ye-antiutopia yokuqala emhlabeni.
- UZamyatin wabhala ngokukhethekile ngesitayela se-neorealism, futhi ososayensi abakwazanga ukuthola umqondo wemisebenzi yawo. Babegcwele inkondlo yezinganekwane, okuthi umbhali oqondwe kuphela. Lokhu kungumphumela wakombono wobuciko, oye wakhelwa kusekhokhokho bakhe.
I-Bibliography
- 1908 - "Oyedwa"
- 1911 - "Girl"
- 1912 - "County"
- 1913 - "KuKulichki"
- 1917 - "Abasesiqhingini"
- 1914-1917 - Ukuqoqwa Kwezindaba "Tales"
- 1917-1920 - Ukuqoqwa Kwezindaba "Izingane Ezinkulu Izinganekwane"
- 1918 - "Dragon"
- 1920 - "Umhume"
- 1920 - "We"
- Ngo-1935 - UNkulunkulu Webhishi