I-Biograge
URoger Zelazna - umlobi wezinganekwane wesayensi yaseMelika, okuthi i-bibliography yakhe enamanoveli angama-20 namaqoqo amaningi wezindaba. Umbhali "ama-chronicle amber" amahlandla ayisithupha waba ngumnikazi womklomelo ohlonishwayo "Hugo", izikhathi ezi-3 zithole umklomelo we- "Nevadel" nesikhathi esingu-1 sanikezwa i- "Apollo" yaseFrance. Eminye imisebenzi yombhali idalwe kuma-coalboards nozakwabo, nabanye abantu abashicilelwe ngaphansi kwe-pseudonym rearrison denmark.Ubuntwana nentsha
Igama eligcwele lezinganekwane nguRoger Joseph Zhiby. Wazalwa ngoMeyi 13, 1937 edolobheni lesifundazwe laseYuklindi, e-Ohio. Indodana ka-Irish Josephine nesigxobo sikaJosef bagqoka igama lokugcina elingajwayelekile, elalihunyushelwa olimini lwesiPolish lisho ukuthi "I-Iron".
Umfana wakhombisa amandla okudala avela esemncane. Ngo-10, usevele wabhala izinganekwane. Intshiseko yathinta ukwakheka kokubukwa komhlaba komlobi wesikhathi esizayo, kodwa, ukukhetha umsebenzi othile, akazange anqume ngokushesha ukuzinikela ezincwadini. Lapho esethole imfundo esikoleni esiphakeme, ngo-1955 uRoger wangena e-University of Western-Reserve eCleveland futhi waba ngumfundi woMnyango wezengqondo.
Lapho eqaphela ukuthi ukuthambekela kwezincwadi kunamandla, le nsizwa yadluliswa ePhathi lezincwadi zesiNgisi. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, ngesimo sesimo se-bachelor, uZhellana wathuthela edondolo laseNew York, wabe esethola iziqu ze-Master e-Columbia University. Isihloko somsebenzi wakhe bekuwukutadisha idrama e-Elizavtian naseJacobian Epoch.
URoger akazange anake hhayi ngokomoya nangokwengqondo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuthuthuka ngokomzimba. Le nsizwa yabandakanyeka eMpumalanga Yobuntu, kubandakanya uJudo. Ngokuhambisana nokubhala imisebenzi emincane nezinkondlo, wafunda isiJapane nesiHindi. Imvelo yokudala ithambekele kuye ukwazisa ama-eSOTERACE kanye nabasebenza ngokuzindla.
Ngo-1960, uRoger Zezlana wabizelwa ebuthweni likazwelonke. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha wakhonza eTexas, wabe esengena ebuthweni lezempi lase-United States of America. Okwesikhashana, wahlanganisa ukuboshwa okubizwa ngokuthi uNika, futhi ekugcineni kwempilo yenkonzo kwakukuyunithi okuhloselwe ukuhlaselwa kwengqondo kwesitha. Kulokhu, umsebenzi we-serviceman waphela, futhi amakhukhi athunyelwa ebhukwini.
Izincwadi
Indaba yokuqala yombhali, eshicilelwe kwabezindaba, bekungumsebenzi we- "Passion Game". Ithumele kwelinye lamabhande umagazini "izindaba ezimangalisayo". Kusuka ezitebhisini zokuqala ezincwadini zeZelazny, ukudumisa uchotjhi lokubhala futhi kwaheha ukunaka komphakathi. Ngokuhambisana nobuciko bokubhala, umbhali wasebenza enhlanganweni yomshuwalense wezenhlalo, ngaleso sikhathi ngaleso sikhathi kusukela ngo-1967 kuya ku-1968, wayenguMgcinimafa ONobhala e-American Association of Ababhali baseMelika.
Ukuthatha isinqumo sokuzinikela ngezincwadi ngokuphelele, uZelazna wamshiya umsebenzi waya ekhanda lakhe. Ukuhlinzeka ngokugcwele izidingo zakho, umbhali kufanele athele kakhulu. Eminye i-Work Cycle ihlinzeka khona isikhathi eside ngokungakhathali. Ngakho-ke kwenzeka futhi endabeni yeZellasons, yize umlobi engahlelelanga uchungechunge lwamanoveli. "Izikhulu eziyisishiyagalolunye ama-Amber" kwakufanele zihlale zingumsebenzi ozimele. Inganekwane yesayensi ibalwe amandla okubhala ukulandelana, kepha akusekho.
Le ncwadi yashicilelwa ngo-1970, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2 kamuva, inoveli "Ruzhka Avalon" yalandelwa. Inzalo yabathandi bavusa impumelelo yezentengiso, futhi umbhali waqhubeka nomjikelezo. URoger akazange acabange ukubekezelela ukushicilelwa kwezincwadi ngokugeleza. Wayefuna ukuzama izinhlobo futhi afake imibono ehlukile. Imikhiqizo engeyona eyayingenamkhawulo ye-Novelist ehlala endaweni emashalofini ezitolo zezincwadi futhi yaletha ukuthandwa okukhulayo.
Ngo-1976, le ndaba "ukubuya kwesigodlo" kwashicilelwa. Kwakungenxa yakhe ukuthi umlobi wahlonishwa yimiklomelo "Hugo" futhi "bahilela". Ngaleso sikhathi esifanayo, umsebenzi we- "Doors esihlabathini" waqashelwa njengabagxeki bokubhala konyaka wonyaka ngenxa yezithameli zentsha. Isimo seminyaka eyishumi ephumelelayo kwakungenye inoveli evela ezincwadini-2 yezindaba zase-Amber. Lo mjikelezo uphenduke isayensi yekhadi lebhizinisi. Abalandeli bobuciko bombhali baqala ukuhlela amakilabhu nemidlalo yokudlala indima esiqeshini seRomanov, kwavela inganekwane yabalandeli, yadalwa ngabathandi bamakhukhi.
Ukusizakala ngethuba, i-Novelist yavula inkampani ye-amber yaqala ngochungechunge lwezincwadi zesibili, iza endalweni yalo ngokunenjongo. "IziKronike zaseMerlin" bezingathandeki ngokuqhathaniswa nezincwadi ezi-5 ezedlule, kepha impumelelo yezentengiso yalandela le misebenzi. Bathengiswa kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba futhi baletha uMdali Wezezimali inhlala-kahle, eyayiphupha ngayo.
Ngeminyaka yama-1980, izintamo zabhala kancane, futhi abanye abalandeli, basinda ekufeni kokuqala, bakhohlwe ngezithombe. Noma kunjalo, abagxeki baqhubeka nokunikeza umbhali wemiklomelo yokwakheka kohlobo olufushane. Ngemuva kwalokho uRoger wabuyela ekubhaleni izinkondlo futhi wanyathelisa amaqoqo ambalwa. Ngo-1990, umbhali wanquma ukuvivinya amandla akhe njengomfundi wobuciko. Waqoqa amahholo, efunda imisebenzi yakhe nezincwadi zabanye ababhali.
Kunelumeni lokuthi umuzwa wobunikazi wesayensi wawungandiswanga, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukusebenzela ukufezeka kwezinye izibalo zemibhalo. Ngokubambisana noPhilip Dick, uZelaznos wanyathelisa incwadi ethi "Nkosi yokukhula", futhi esitsheni ngoFred Saberhagen wakhipha "ukuguquka" kanye "nokujika okumnyama". URoger unikele ngezinto ezisebenza nabo, futhi bababise ephepheni.
Ngo-1993, umlobi wakhipha inoveli "ebusuku eThempeli Okthoba", elisuselwa encwadini ethi "Isikhulu Sokukhanya" obonwa ngochwepheshe ngomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wombhali. Okwamanje, amaZelaznos awasebenzi izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu. Wanqotshwa ukugula kakhulu. Ukuhlala umholi walokho okubizwa ngokuthi "igagasi elisha" emkhakheni wezinganekwane, uRoger wabopha i-biography yakhe ngezincwadi futhi akazange ashintshe kuye kwaze kwaba yizinsuku zakamuva.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ingozi yemoto engahleliwe, lapho kwakukhona khona ama-geger zelaznows enkampani uScharon Styberl, wamsiza ukuba asungule impilo yomuntu siqu. Intsha yashada ngo-1964, kepha umshado wawukhona isikhathi eside. Ngo-1966, kwenzeka isehlukaniso.
Ngokufanayo ngo-1966, izintambo zahlangana nonkosikazi wesibili. Wayengu-Judy Callahan. Umshado wenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Abathandi babejabule. Izingane ezintathu zivele ebunyeni babo. USoni uDevin wazalwa ngo-1971. Ngemuva kokuthuthela eSanta Fe ngo-1976, uJonathani wabonakala ngakunye, kwathi ngo-1979 abazali baphawula ukugcwaliswa komndeni wendodakazi kaCokanon. Ngalesi sikhathi, umbhali wasebenza kakhulu ukuhlinzeka umndeni. Ngaphambi nje kokuba kufe nokufa kukaZelaznoy kwahlukana nonkosikazi wakhe.
UCrection noJane Lindskold, indoda ehlangabezana nayo ngesehlukaniso, yaphenduka inoveli. Umlobi waqala waba ngumthandi wokupheka ubuhlakani. Wathumela incwadi eya esithombeni futhi, naphezu kwesiko, uRoger wamphendula.
Ngaleso sikhathi uJane wasebenza njengomfundisi eVirginia College futhi wahlela ukubhala i-biography yomlobi othandekayo. Ukuhlangana neTet-A-tet, ebanjwe ngo-1989, bonke bahlala endaweni. Ngaleso sikhathi, uZelazna usevele wayazi ukuthi unomdlavuza wesisu. Wayephindwe kaningi ne-chemotherapy, eyayinciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kokuqwashisa.
Ukushona
Isimo esibucayi senzeka ngoJuni 13, 1995. Okunamathiselwe kokuhluleka kwe-renal kwehluleka kwakuyimbangela yokufa okuza ngemuva kosuku. Umlobi ushone esibhedlela esingcwele saseVincent eSanta Fe. Wayeneminyaka engama-58 ubudala. UJane Lindskold wasondela embhedeni wendoda yakhe ethandekayo. Ngokufa kwakhe, indodana encane nabangane abaningana babekhona. Esivumelwaneni, isidumbu sakhiwe ngokushiswa kwesidumbu, nethuna kuye kwakungumoya ezintabeni.
Intando yokugcina yombhali kwakuyinhlangano kusihlwa ngemuva komngcwabo wakhe. Isikhumbuzo esichithwe endlini kaFred Sabegen's Friend. Kusihlwa kwememori kwenzeka emhlanganweni omkhulu womhlaba, uchithe eBaltimore.
UMira, wasungula ophuzi, ungumkhathi ovelele, noma ngubani angabonga isithunzi. Izincwadi zikaRoder ziphrintwe futhi ziyafunwa, futhi isithombe somlobi sifakwa ezincwadini ezincwadini zekhulu lama-20.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1966 - "Lokhu Ukungafi"
- Ngo-1967 - "Isikhulu Sokukhanya"
- 1970 - "Izikhulu eziyisishiyagalolunye Amber"
- 1971 - "Jack of Shadow"
- 1972 - "Izibhamu zika-Avalon"
- 1975 - "Isignali se-Unicorn"
- 1976 - "Hand Oberon"
- 1976 - "Iminyango esihlabathini"
- Ngo-1978 - "Amapulangwe Chao"
- 1981 - "Umhlaba Ogcwele"
- 1989 - "Isithwathwa kanye nelangabi"
- Ngo-1992 - "Inhliziyo CEMEKERY"