I-Biograge
I-Brage ethule iyinkanyezi enkulukazi yaseDanishi yaseDenmark yengxenye yesibili yekhulu le-XVI. Waphila lapho imisele ye-Invoisition yathengiswa eYurophu futhi ifaka izinye izifo. Kodwa futhi akunazikhathi ezimnandi noma ukuntuleka kwezibonakude kuvimbele ukutholwa kwesosayensi, mayelana nokuthi izinganekwane zikabani kanye nezinganekwane zokufa ziyinkimbinkimbi.Ubuntwana nentsha
Ngo-December 14, 1546, azalelwa amawele emndenini wesikhulu saseDanishi, amawele azalwa. Omunye wabo wafa, ngaphandle kokusabhapathizwa; Enye, ebekwe eTywe, ibiphila impilo, ngokwezindinganiso zanamuhla akude, kepha inothile kakhulu ezenzakalweni, ukushushiswa, ukutholwa kanye nenkazimulo, ukuthi babeyoba nezenele ama-biogaiki amabili. Emhlabeni wonke, le ndoda yaziwa ngaphansi kwegama elibulewe.
Ngokushesha abazali kwadingeka bahlukane nomfana osindile: esikweni lasendulo, wanikwa umfowabo kayise engenamntwana, u-Admiral Yergen Braga. Ngokwenyama, lokhu kwavezwa ngokuhamba buthule kuvela enqabeni ejwayelekile yaseKnudstrup e-castrest eseduze; Ngamehlo ngemuva kwemicimbi echaziwe, le ndawo yadlula eSweden yaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-landfill. Usosayensi wesikhathi esizayo selokhu kuthandwa yiBungane ukubheka izinkanyezi futhi afunde izincwadi ngesayensi yezinkanyezi. Kodwa-ke, abazali bokutholwa babekholelwa ukuthi kuyadingeka indodana yakhe.
Eminyakeni engu-12, umfana wangena e-University of Copenhagen futhi wafunda "ubuciko obukhulu abayisikhombisa", futhi ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu ngadluliselwa e-University of Leipzig, edume ngezinga lokufundisa. Ngenkathi esequbuka eDenmark, laba bancane bubona buthule ngokusobala ukusika kwelanga okuncane: Umqondo omkhulu kakhulu kwi-Astronomer yesikhathi esizayo waveza ukuthi "amafu" okukhanya akubikezelwe emibhalweni yenkanyezi.
Akukaziwa ukuthi wafunda inzokwelapha kangakanani ingane yesikhathi sasemini, kepha wachitha ubusuku bobusuku lapho amathuluzi asetshenziswa khona eyonakwakhe eyenziwe ekhaya futhi athengwe ngemali ubaba ongamukeleki obabayo.
Ngo-Agasti 1563, ukuxhumeka kweSaturn neJupiter kwenzeka, kepha ama-brage adumazeke - akekho noyedwa wezazi zezinkanyezi owabikezela usuku lwalesi senzakalo nakanjani, futhi ngaphambili kweNkanyezi eyandulelayo. Amatafula ayadingeka ukunquma amaphutha wokubalwa kwezinkanyezi, le nsizwa yanquma. Futhi wadala amatafula anjalo - owokuqala emhlabeni.
NgoMeyi 1565, kwaqala impi yaseDenmashi - kanti uMalume uJenene uJenene wakhumbula buthule ezweni lakubo, kodwa ngemuva kwenyanga ngemuva kokubanda futhi wafa kungazelelwe, washiya indodana ekhulisa umuntu wonke umbuso.
Ukuqedela imfundo entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo, kwafika insizwa engokoqobo, isifo saphoqeleka ukuba sithuthele esihlahleni, lapho kuhlala khona nontanga - uDanish nobleman Mademup Parsberg. Imininingwane mayelana nale mpi iyahluka. Ngokusho kwedatha eyodwa - isitha sasiyisihlobo esikude buthule, ngokuka- omunye - umfundi afunda naye; Eminye imithombo ikhuluma ngezibhamu, abanye ngezikhali ezibandayo.
Kunenguqulo yokuthi ukungaboni ngaso linye izibalo kwaba imbangela ye-duel. Enye yaziwa kakhulu: Ngenxa yalokho, impi ne-astronomer esencane yahlala ngaphandle kwekhala futhi yaphoqeleka ukuba igqoke i-prosthesis konke okunye. Ngokukhathazekile buthule ngokulimala okutholakele, futhi kwizithombe zakhe zokuphila ekhaleni okufakelwe akukaze kuboniswe.
Ngo-Ephreli 1569, uBraga weza kwihlumela, lapho ukubonwa kwezinkanyezi kwaqhubeka nokufunda i-alchemy kanye nokufunda izinkanyezi ngokufana. Endaweni efanayo, izingcweti zendawo zenze imbulunga yasezulwini emdwebeni wayo, ububanzi bawo kwakungamamitha ayi-9, ama-semi-sextant, kanye ne-quadrant yamamitha ayi-11 ukuphakama. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi izithonjana zokuqala zavela eminyakeni engu-7 kuphela ngemuva kokufa buthule.
Ngo-1571, ubaba wothando lososayensi wafa. Umndeni wenqaba kababa washiya amasheya alinganayo athule futhi umfowabo omncane kaGergen. Ukubuyela eDenmark I-Astronomer, ngaphandle komsebenzi wesayensi, yathuthukiswa ebhizinisini - kanye nodonga lukaMalume Bill laqala iphepha nelokugibela ifektri.
Ngo-1572 kwaba yimibi ngamabhuleki ethule. Okokuqala, isikhulukazi sathola ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi sisabalalisa ngokuqinile ukubandlulula kanye nokwenza okuthile, indodakazi yompristi) Kirsten, lapho kuvela khona inkanyezi yaseCassiopeous. Lokhu okokuqala iminyaka engama-500, i-flash efanayo emthaleni wethu we-Galaxy wanwetshiwe iYurophu. Izibikezelo eziningi zavela ngokuphela okuzayo komhlaba.
Umbono oyiphutha ukuthi bekungumlingisi noma umane nje uyinto esemkhathini engajwayelekile, kodwa encwadini ethi "Ku-New Star" ngo-1573, waqiniseka ngokuphrinta i-Luminaire eprintayo Kusuka eMhlabeni lapho kuncane kuneplanethi. Ngakho-ke, ngokuchazwa kukaJohann Kepler, inkanyezi entsha yamemezela ukuvela kwesazi zezinkanyezi esisha.
Isifundo sezinkanyezi
Umsebenzi wesayensi wama-brage ethule wawunamandla futhi ucebe kakhulu emiphumeleni ukuthi kunzima ukuchaza kuyo esihlokweni esisodwa. Ungabhala impumelelo enkulu kanye nokuvulwa kwe-Danish Astronomer. Ukuphila okunikezelwe kwisayensi yezinkanyezi ebonakalayo, iBraga ifinyelele kakhulu:
- Udale uhlelo lwangempela lwe-geo-heliocentric of the World, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona izimfundiso zikaPtolemy noCopernicus, eziphakamisa ukuthi ilanga, inyanga nezinkanyezi zizungeza emhlabeni, namanye amaplanethi nokuhlaziywa kwelanga.
- Wakhele okokugcina e-Europe, izinsimbi eziningi eziphathelene nezinkanyezi ezazenziwe nguye uqobo noma zenziwa kumaphrojekthi awo.
- Andise ukunemba kokubonwa kwezinkanyezi namaplanethi angaphezu kwe-oda; Amatafula okuqala ezinhlinzeko ezibonakalayo ayecwebezelayo futhi amatafula amasha anembile elanga; ulinganise ubude besikhathi sonyaka ngephutha lesibili.
- Ngokokuqala ngqa kwisayensi, kwafika esiphethweni esifanele ngesimo sangemva kokungemthetho kanye nokungabikho kwe- "Crystalline Shereses ethwala amaplanethi."
- Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ikhulu le-16 lanyathelisa ikhathalogi entsha yenkanyezi, ithathelwe indawo yinkomba engasasebenzi yePtolemy, esetshenziswe ngaphambili eYurophu; Ikhathalogu i-Brage ifakiwe ekuqaleni kwe-777, bese kuthi izinkanyezi eziyi-1004.
- Aqoqe izinto ezinkulu zezibalo esikhundleni sezidalwa zasezulwini; Imiphumela yokubonwa kwaphakade kweBraga yavumela ozakwabo noJohann Kepler ukuvula imithetho yokuhamba kwamaplanethi.
Phakathi kokunye, i-Tycho Brage ngumsunguli ovelele kanye ne-pradizer: wasungula owakhe umnyango futhi wakha umshini wayo wokuphrinta, futhi udadewabo kadadewabo, uSofia, owayesebenza kulowona wesifazane wokuqala.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Njenge-genisos amaningi, ama-brage buthule ayeyindoda enzima, enobudlova futhi enobudlova. Impilo yakhe yangasese ifiswe ngezinganekwane. Ngokwamahemuhemu, isazi sezinkanyezi saseDenmark sasingumthakathi futhi sadakwa, saba nomquba wakhe, owayehleli ngaphansi kwetafula ngesikhathi semikhosi, futhi e-Elk, izitho zaphukile ngemuva kokuwa esiteshini esimweni sokudakwa. Akazange aphumule inhlebo nekhala elidumile lososayensi, baphangale ukuthi i-prosthesis yenziwa ngensimbi eyigugu futhi yahlobisa ngamadayimane.
Amaqiniso ajabulisayo ajabulisayo avela e-Biography kaBrahe afaka iqiniso lokuthi wayelapha amakhosi amabili aseYurophu. Ekuqaleni, kwakuyinkosi yaseDenmark yaseFriedrich II, eyayikhononda kwizakhiwo zezinkanyezi ekwakhiweni kwendlu kanye nesiqhingi saseKhwen futhi sanikela engcebeni yokuthi imali ephelele idlula i-1% yomkhiqizo kazwelonke weDenmark yeDenmark yeDenmark yeDenmark . Ekupheleni kokuphila kweBraga kwaba yintandokazi ye-Emperor yoMbuso Ongcwele WaseRoma Rudolph II; UMarch wayehlala ikakhulu ePrague futhi wasiza ososayensi abakhulu bathuthele kulo muzi.
Kodwa-ke, wayesezazi isazi sezinkanyezi futhi wamukele ukungathandwa. Indodana kaFriedrich II, i-Christian IV, ayithokoziswa yisayensi yezinkanyezi futhi yayidinga imali yemikhankaso yezempi, yanciphisa ukwesekwa ngokwezezimali futhi yaphoqeleka ukuba ishiye iDenmark.
I-Adronodana ka-Adronoday yayinabahlali abaningi eDenmark. Bakwethu babengeneme ngenhloso yokuhweba ngama-brage (iqiniso lokuthi wathula futhi wathengisa imishanguzo, edayisa intela, futhi waxhaphaza amazinga esonto (nomkakhe uthule akazange ashade, futhi esiqhingini saseKhiwen okuqukethwe kwebandla).
Ukushona
Ukufa kososayensi omkhulu ngo-1601 kwakhuphuka izinganekwane ezingaphansi kunokuphila. Inguqulo yokuqala yokufa yayingumphathi wedili eligcwele (ngokusho kwenhlonipho ngaleso sikhathi uma iBraga iphuma ngenxa Esidlekelini sesidingo, ngabe ucasule umbusi). Kodwa-ke, umuthi wesikhathi sethu ukhuluma ngokungakwazi ukwenza umcimbi.
Njengenye imbangela yokufa kwenkanyezi edumile, ubuthi be-reacury buvele, futhi phakathi kwamakhasimende abulalayo abulale, ngaphezu kwamakhosi aseDenmarch of Christian IV, asola ukuthi unina uxhumana nothando nososayensi, ubizwa ngokuthi uJohann Kepler, ngoba iKonchina Kuthule kuvunyelwe uzakwabo ukuba asebenzise imiphumela yokubonwa kwe-Brage.
Ukuqinisekisa noma ukuphikisa ubuthi besosayensi, esontweni lesonto leNtokisini uMariya ngaphambi kweTint, kuvulwe kabili: ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 naku-2010. Ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kukhombisile ukuthi ezinweleni ze-brage buthule ziqukethe iMercury. Kodwa-ke, ukugcwala kwale nto kuncane futhi kungachazwa zombili izidakamizwa zezinkanyezi kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-alchemical.
Imane nje itholakale ukuthi i-provesis ekhaleni elidumile laliyithusi. Kodwa-ke, mhlawumbe igolide noma ibhubesi legolide noma lesiliva lalisetshenziswa futhi lalisetshenziswa ososayensi emicimbini eqinile, kodwa balahlekile noma bathunjwa.
Imemori ye-Great Astronomer, ngaphandle kokutadisha lokho obekungeke kwenzeke ukuvula umthetho wezindaba zomhlaba, lapho iplanethi yaqanjwa khona ngemuva kososayensi, naseMars, i-crats yayo ibizwa ngegama elithi lithule I-Brable. Ngo-1984, kwasungulwa itshe lesikhumbuzo ePrague buthule. UJohann Kepleru.
Ukumangala enkantolo
- Ngo-1573 - "Enkanyezweni Entsha"
- Ngo-1588 - "Esikhathini sakamuva ezweni lasezulwini"
- 1592 - "Ukupheka nge-Astronomy Ebuyekeziwe"
- I-1598 - "Ukuxhumana Brage Kuthule i-Landgraf Hesse-Kasselysky"
- I-1598 - "Mechanics of Astronomy Okubuyekeziwe"