I-Biograge
U-Edgar Burrowz ungumlobi waseMelika, owaletha imisebenzi yaseTarzan naseMartian incwadiKIA. Umlobi uphakathi kwababhali abadumile kakhulu bekhulu lama-20. UMdali wamanoveli amnandi neziphenyi wawudume ngokuphila, kodwa ngemuva kokufa, inzalo emisebenzini yakhe ye-Uty. Izincwadi zeBrouza zakha isisekelo se-movie ethandwayo ekhiqizwa yi-cinema nanamuhla.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Edgar Rice Burrow wazalelwa edolobheni lase-Ensino, eCalifornia, Septhemba 1, 1875 emndenini wangaphambili. Uyise womfana wavikela udumo lwezwe njengengxenye yebutho leNyandla Yobunye, kanye nasekupheleni kwebutho kwaba ngusomabhizinisi. Umndeni waseBurrow wawujwayelekile kakhulu, u-Edgar wayengowesine ekubuthweni. Lapho isikhathi sifika sizothola imfundo, kwavela ukuthi isikole sinsundu, esasinezinhlelo zabazali bomfana, savalwa ekwahlukaniseni ubhubhane lwe-diphtherther.
Ngakho-ke u-Edgar wazithola esesikoleni seMaple-shop samantombazane. Ngemuva kwalokho wadluliselwa esikoleni sase-Endovace eHarvard. Le nsizwa ayithandile ithemba lomsebenzi wezempi, ngakho-ke wakhetha iMichigan Military Academy njengeyunivesithi. Njengoba usuqedile ngo-1895, wacela ukusekelwa ubaba ojwayelekile ophakeme ukuze abhalise endaweni ephakeme yezempi entshonalanga yezemfundo. Izincomo azizange zisize le nsizwa idlule ngempumelelo izivivinyo zokungena, ngakho-ke waya enkonzweni.
U-Edgar Burrow wazithola e-Arizona futhi kusukela ngo-1896 kuya ku-1897 wakhonza embuthweni wamasosha ase-United States. Wabe eseba yiphoyisa elisendaweni yokugcina e-Illinois. Ngemuva kokuqeda umsebenzi wezempi ngo-1898, umbhali wesikhathi esizayo wahlala e-Idaho. Lapho, wavula isitolo sephepha semishini yokuphrinta. U-Edgar wayengeyena owokokoko ngemali enenhlanhla njengoYise, ngakho-ke iminyaka eyishumi eyalandela indlu yayo yaphela amandla ebuphofini.
Umsebenzi wezenhlalo awuzange uthuthukise. Ubengumsebenzi wenkampani ehlotshaniswa nemboni yezimayini, ngazama ukuthi ngiyiphoyisa eSitingweni kanye nefasitela lomnyango we-stenographic. Le ndoda ibingumlingani we-ejensi yokukhangisa kanye namafemu okuthengisa. Emsebenzini, u-Edgar Burrow wanquma ukushintsha impilo yakhe empandeni. Kwamaka ukuqala kwe-biography yakhe yokudala. Kwavela ukuthi i-Welfare yezempi yangaphambili nge-syllable, ngakho-ke umsebenzi otholakala kubuntali kanye nezinhlobo ezinkulu.
Izincwadi
Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokubhalwa komgodi kwango-1912. Ngalesi sikhathi, umbhali wadala inoveli ethi "Princess Mars". UJohn Carter, owawela emhlabeni Mars waba iqhawe eliyinhloko. Wonke amagazini wendaba ashicilele ingxenye yomsebenzi emakhasini ayo ngo-1912.
U-Edgar Burrow waba ngumlobi omangalisayo. Ukudalwa komlingiswa ogwini lwase-Afrika nomphakathi odumile njengoba uTarzan wamlethela udumo. Umjikelezo uvule amaRoma "Tarzan, ukwamukela izinkawu", futhi incwadi ehlukile mayelana neqhawe yanyatheliswa ngo-1914. Uchungechunge lokulandisa mayelana nalomlingiswa luhanjiswe njengesisekelo se-kinocartin, amakhathuni kanye nemidlalo yekhompyutha. Indaba yeNkosi, yaphoqa ukuthi iphile ezindaweni zehlathi, isakhanga manje.
Lowo okuthiwa umjikelezo weMartian wabagxeki bokubhala ubizwe ngokuthi yiBASERUM. Lolu uchungechunge lwezincwadi ezikhuluma ngokufika kwalolu adventures kaJohn Carter, olukhiqizayo kuMars, emhlabeni obizwa ngeBARASUM. Sekukonke, incwadi yeziKronike zeMartian ifaka imisebenzi eyi-11. "Onkulunkulu baseMars" noJohn Carter - abakwaMartian bangena phakathi kwabafundi abathandekayo.
Inoveli "Umhlaba, okhohliwe ngesikhathi", ekhishwe njengomsebenzi ozimele. Abagxeki nabalandeli be-berrowza baphawula into entsha yesakhiwo kanye nezici zendawo yonke ezichazwe ngumlobi.
Ngokwenza izincwadi ngecala lokuphila kwakhe, u-Edgar Burrowz wakhiqiza izincwadi ezi-3 ngonyaka ukuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwakhe nomndeni wakhe. Ukuguqulwa kwemisebenzi kwaqala ukuletha imali eyengeziwe. Ama-Berrows, ajwayelene nokunethezeka, abonile kumafilimu emisebenzini yakhe ithuba lokuthuthuka nezinzuzo zezezimali.
Ifilimu ye-rusut ephathelene neTarzan, ekhishwe kwizikrini ngo-1918, ayikhiqizi i-fururour, eyayibalwa ngumlobi. Kepha ompompi badubule ngemuva kwawo-1930 baphumelela kakhulu. Iqhaza eliphambili kubo lenziwa nguJohnny Waismüller, iqhawe lemidlalo yokubhukuda yama-Olimpiki. Ukubamba iqhaza kwakhe kwakubaluleke kakhulu emphakathini futhi kunikezwe amacala amabi.
Izincwadi zeBrouza zijabulele isidingo esikhulu. Ngo-1929, umbhali wasungula u-Edgar Rice Burroughs Inc. Futhi waqala ukunyathelisa ngokuzimela nangemisebenzi yakhe. I-Bibliography Edverr Berrouza inamanoveli angama-26 mayelana neTarzan, 7 izincwadi ezikhuluma ngePorllyusidar, umjikelezo wokufika ezindabeni eziningi kanye nokuhola. Umlobi ngokwakhe wabona umsebenzi wakhe njengohlobo lokuqala lwezincwadi.
Ungacabangi ngomthelela ezincwadini zakhe ezazinabo, wathola ukuzizwisisa kuyo nendlela yokuhola. Imisebenzi ye-American Poazaika isebenze isisekelo sokwakhiwa kohlobo lwenganekwane ezincwadini zase-United States. Phakathi kwabalandeli bakhe namuhla babizwa ngokuthi uJohn Norman no-Otis Clain.
Indawo ehlukile empilweni yeBerrowza yabanjwa ngobuntatheli, azinikelayo njengombhali, esebenza lapho kuthuthukiswa phakathi neMpi Yezwe II.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1900, i-Fiction yesayensi yashada e-Emma Hultery. Impilo yomuntu siqu yendoda ngaleso sikhathi yayingumsebenzi ophumelelayo. Emshadweni, ama-berrows abonakala ezinganeni ezintathu: 2 amadodana nendodakazi. Nomkakhe, umlobi wahlukanisa ngo-1934. Kunelukuluku lolo nyaka ngaphambi kwalokhu uBerrouza akhethwe yiMeya yeCalifornia Beach.
Ngo-1935, umlobi washada noFlorence Gilbert, kepha umshado wawa ngo-1942.
Ukuba ngumthandi wempilo entofontofo futhi usuthole imali enkulu yokuqala, umngcwabo we-Edgar wathenga i-rancho eSan Fernando Valley, kamuva waba "idolobha" laseTarzan.
Ukushona
Ukuba yintatheli yamasosha, umlobi wayengesabi izingozi ezazimzungeza ngaphambili. Uthole umsebenzi wamasosha ngaye. Wabizwa ngokuthi umbhali omdala futhi odumile. Umlobi owayeneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 akazange avume njalo ukucindezelwa okungokomzwelo nengcindezi. Bayithinte impilo yakhe.
U-Edgar Burrow ushone ngoMashi 19, 1950. Imbangela yokufa yayihluleka inhliziyo. Ngemuva kokuba isayensi ingabi, izintshisekelo ezincwadini zakhe zawa. Igagasi lesibili lokuthandwa komsebenzi ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21. Lokhu kwavuselelwa ukuvuselelwa kwenkampani eyasungulwa ngumlobi. Izincwadi zaqala ukushicilelwa futhi, futhi kwasekelwa isidingo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubuqambi be-berroud baqala ukuhlola abagxeki bokubhala. I-Photo Psasoika yaqala ukuvela ezincwadini.
I-Bibliography
- 1912 - "Princess Mars"
- Ngo-1912 - "ITarzan, Ukwemukela izinkawu"
- Ngo-1912 - "Onkulunkulu BaseMars"
- Ngo-1913 - "vladyka mars"
- Ngo-1914 - UPhellousidar
- 1922 - "Martian Chess"
- Ngo-1931 - "Iqhawe Elikhulu Mars"
- Ngo-1931 - "IVirates Venes"
- 1940 - "Inkanyezi ekude kakhulu"
- Ngo-1964 - "UJohn Carter-Marsian"