I-Biograge
I-Garyiaskar kamal - umlobi we-tatar, umbhali weDrama Works, umlingiswa womphakathi kanye nomsunguli wecala laseshashalazini eTatarstan. Wahumushela imisebenzi yama-Classics aseRussia futhi waba nomthelela ekukhiqizweni kwawo eMbusweni edolobheni lakubo.
Igama elikhona lomlobi ngu-Galiaskar Galiakbarovich Kamaletdinov. Mayelana nobuntwana bombhali uyazi kancane. Wazalwa ngoJanuwari 6, 1879 eKazan. Ubaba womfana wasebenza njenge-wad, futhi umndeni awuzange uhluka kakhulu ekuphumeni okuhle.
Ingane yaseGaliyascar echithwa edolobhaneni, lapho kufika khona umama wakhe. Wabuka impilo yakhe eMars ephansi, futhi wenza iziphetho zokuqala ngedivayisi yezwe.
Ezemfundo umbhali wesikhathi esizayo azitholile eMadrasa "Gosmania" kanye ne- "Muhammadia" eKazan. Le nsizwa ifundise ngokuzimela isiRussia futhi njengoba ulwazi lunwebisa amakhandlela athola umhlaba wawuthola umhlaba weDrama yaseRussia kanye nethiyetha yaseshashalazini. Iqiniso lokuthi uGadiascar wakhangwa ngobuhlakani nezincwadi, kwacaca ukuthi esencane, ngakho-ke kwakulula ukucabanga ukuthi i-biography yakhe izoxhunywa ngalezi zinkomba.
Ukudala
Ukudlala okushicilelwe okokuqala, okushicilelwe kusuka ezimpapheni ze-PlayWight yesikhathi esizayo, kwakuwumsebenzi 'wentsha engeyinhle.' UGaliyascar wabhala ngo-1898, kwathi ngo-1907 wadala uhlelo lwesibili. I-leitmotif enkulu yokwakheka kwakuyizinkinga zenhlalo kanye nemibono yezemfundo umbhali we-novice avezwayo.
UDemocrast omenyeziwe, wakhuthaza ukunyakaza kwezinguquko kuka-1905-1907 futhi waba umsunguli wamaphephandaba amaningana. Ngo-1906, kwaqhamuka uhlelo lwe- "Azat", elihunyushwe ngokuthi "inkululeko", kamuva "Azat Halyk" ("abantu abakhululekile" ("abantu abaqala ngomagazini we-jashen (" umbani ") bashicilelwe ngaphakathi Ukujikeleza kwegazi, okuyi-Garyiaskar Kamal ekhiqizwa kanye nembongi GABdullah Tukay.
Uthando lwentsha lwemidlalo yaseshashalazini aluzange lushiye uKamala naseminyakeni yobudala. Ukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwecala lethiyetha futhi wabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwesitatimende sokuqala, kwethulwa emphakathini ngo-1906. Umdlali obhalwe e-PlayWRight usebenzela indawo lapho ubuqiniso khona, izingxabano ezifanele nezinhlamvu ezikhanyayo. Ukudlala kwakhe kwakha isisekelo se-repertoire yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseTatar Pre-Revolutionary.
Kancane kancane, imibono yemfundo yobusha yathathelwa indawo ukugconwa kwe-uniducation, umbuso okhona kanye nezingqinamba zenhlalo. Amahlaya katywithi we-playwight waba ngumuntu wezimo emhlabeni izwe amzonda. Usebenzise amacala angempela njengesisekelo semisebenzi futhi athola izinhlamvu ezibonakalayo kalula endaweni yesehlakalo.
Ngo-1908, i-Premiena ye-Comeced "Trust Wetful" yaqhutshwa enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi. Uchaze umzabalazo wabavukeli ngokumelene nenhlangano yeNational Theatre. Esithombeni somlingiswa ophambili, yonke i-doping yavezwa, eyayizondwa ngumlobi. Ngo-1912, izilaleli zabona ukukhiqizwa 'kwezimfihlo zabantu bakithi', lapho i-playwright iphazamisa imaskhi ngokusekela uhlelo lwasebukhosini, owakhipha abahlomuli. Ngonyaka ofanayo, umdlalo we- "Bankrupturnt", imibono ebilayo mayelana nokulungiselela inhloko-dolobha, okwakukhuthaza abamele bendawo bonxiwankulu.
Imisebenzi emangalisayo ye-GALIASCAR KAMALA yaba yinkomba yabaqondisi beTatar nabalingisi baleso sikhathi. Ngokubambisana nabantu abanomqondo oseshashalazini, umlobi wavuma ukuthuthukiswa kohlobo lwesiteji njengethuluzi lokukhulisa umphakathi kanye nokuvimbela izincwadi zakudala zomhlaba.
Umdlandla wazama yena njengomhumushi, futhi esiteji sethiyetha yaseshashalazini baqala ukudlala imisebenzi emidlalweni kaMaxim Gorky, u-Alexander Ostrovsky, uNikolai Gogol eTatar. Umsebenzi wethiyetha futhi wabhala ama-Essays abucayi nezindatshana, wabelana ngemibono yakhe ngeqiniso esiteji.
I-Okthoba Revolution nempi yombango yaphefumulela umlobi. Wangenela ekwakhiweni kwemisebenzi nomoya womoya waseSoviet, wabhala inkondlo wadala izitebhisi. Ukusekela isikhundla esisebenzayo somphakathi, uKamal waba ngumculi ezinhlwini ze-Krasnoarmeysian Tatar Troupe. Ngaphansi kwe-pseudonymty aulia kanye nenkampani, umbhali wabhala i-saterical prose, izisebenzi kanye nabalimi ababekuthakazelisa kakhulu.
Ngo-1921, i-Galiaskar yethule umphakathi ngomdlandla "uHafisa omuhle," ekhuluma ngezici ezinhle zokuguqulwa kwabantu kanye nezinguquko ezizofaka emkhakheni wobudlelwano bezenhlalo. Ngo-1926, umbhali wathola isihloko sabantu abadlala phansi.
Kunelukuluku lona, ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yaseshashalazini neyokubhala, i-Galiaskar Kamal yayithanda ukudweba ne-calligraphy. Waphenduka umlobi wezithombe eziningi ngezihloko zezepolitiki. Ukusebenzisana nezindlu zokushicilela zendlu yokushicilela, indoda ethile yanaka kakhulu ukwenza izinto zesimanje se-tatar calligraphy. Ubuye wabamba iqhaza emsebenzini wobuciko kanye nesikhathi sesikhathi semidlalo yaseshashalazini, efunda imisebenzi yezemidlalo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
I-Galiascar kamal yafezeka empilweni yobungcweti neyomuntu siqu. Umlobi kanye nombhali womphakathi kwakudume umkhwenyana eKazan Merchant Sadiq Haybullina. Indodakazi yomthengisi yaba ngumkakhe, futhi isihlobo esisha sasiyohlonipha imfundo yemfundo kanye nokuvelela eKamal.
Umthengisi wayenezinhlelo zakhe ze-GALIASCAR. Ulwazi nge-Playwwright of Sharia kungenzeka lube lusizo, uma evuma ukuba ngo-Imam e-mosque, elakhiwa yi-haybullin. UKamala imibono enjalo ayinandaba. Ukuyekethiswa kwatholakala ngenxa yesivumelwano: umkhwenyana waqala ukuthengisa imikhiqizo ephrintiwe.
Umshado wenzeka ngo-1900, futhi uyise wethule indawo yokuhlala eNarimanov Street ngendodakazi yakhe ayithandayo, emi eKazan namuhla. Izingane emndenini zivele eminyakeni eminingana kamuva. UGadiaskar kamal wajabula kakhulu ngokuzalwa kweNdodana ngo-1908.
UGadiascar Kamal washada kabili, umkakhe wesibili kwakuyintombazane egama lingu-Asma. I-Playwright yayinezindlalifa ezi-6: amadodana ayi-5 nendodakazi eyodwa.
Ukushona
I-Tatar Playwright yafa ngo-1933. Izimbangela zokufa komlobi azizange zibe yisizathu sezingxoxo. UGaliascar Kamal wayengomunye wabaculi abambalwa be-tatar abakwazile ukuthatha umbuso omusha wezepolitiki futhi baqhubeke nokwenza ugqozi. Ukufa kwe-Playwright kwaba ukulahleka kwezincwadi zikazwelonke naseshashalazini.
Manje isithombe sakhe singabonakala ezindongeni zenkundla yaseshashalazini yaseKazan, eqanjwe ngegama lokudlala. ETatarstan, kunemigwaqo eminingana ebizwa ngokuthi yigama lomphakathi, futhi indlu yombhali yaba ngumnyuziyamu. Ngo-1959, wathola isimo sesikhumbuzo somlando namasiko.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1907 - "Ishwa Neshwa"
- Ngo-1908 - "Ngenxa yesipho"
- 1911 - "Lover"
- 1911 - "Izimfihlo Zomuzi Wethu"
- Ngo-1912 - "BarkRupt"
- 1921 - "I-Hafisa Cute"