I-Biograge
UPavel Filonov ungenye yezibalo eziphambili zeRussia Avant-Garde, umculi, imbongi kanye nothisha. Isikole sobuciko bokuhlaziya, owabhala inqwaba yemisebenzi yethiyori enikelwe ukupenda komqondo, washiya ifa elicebile, elalihlanganisa ne-canvas enjenge "mbumbulu", "I-Narva Gate" kanye nezinye izinto zobungcweti ezinazo ube yifa likazwelonke ngemuva kokushona komlobi.Ubuntwana nentsha
UPavel Nikolaevich Filonov wazalelwa eMoscow ngoJanuwari 8, 1883. Bazali - izithunywa kwakungomdabu wesifunda saseRyazan. Ubaba uNikolai wakhonza njengento ende, kanti umama uLyudmila utshagwa ngaphansi kwabacebile. Naphezu kwemvelaphi elula nobungcweti obungaqinisiwe, umfana uthole imfundo yesibili esikoleni saseMoscow futhi athweswe iziqu kulowo omunye wabafundi basekilasini abahle kakhulu.
Ngo-1897, lo mndeni wathuthela eSt. Petersburg, lapho uPawulu aqala khona kahle ubuciko bezobuciko oshambweni oluhle lwezinhlungu, kwathi ngonyaka olulandelene nezifundo ezazilungiselele abasebenzi nothisha bezobuciko obuhle. Ngokusobala, ngalesi sikhathi, le nsizwa yanquma ukuthi ifuna ukuba nguchwepheshe, futhi yaqala ukulungiselela ukwamukelwa kwi-Academy, ivakashele izifundo zokudweba kwangasese.
Amakhono atholakele ayenele owamukelwa ngempumelelo yokwamukelwa esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme. Amahlandla amathathu ehlulekile izivivinyo, uFilonov athole indawo yomlaleli wamahhala neminyaka emi-2 evakashele izifundo zokupenda namashejuli, okuhlangenwe nakho kwamukelwa kwabafundisi abanethalente beSt. Petersburg Art Academy.
Ama-classic etude ayenesifiso esincane eFilonov, wafuna ukwenza isibonakaliso nokuphuma ngaphandle, ukudala umsebenzi wokuqala ngesitayela, kungafanele ubuciko bendabuko. Othisha babengakholeki ngokujaha okuncane, ukudonsela phansi ubuso futhi babona ngendlela, konakalise abafundi abakhuthele. Ngenxa yalokho, uPawulu waphoqa ukuthi ashiye amakilasi, abeke isiphambano ephusheni mayelana nokuthola idiploma.
Ukudala
Ngesikhathi sezifundo zakhe e-Academy of Filonov, ngahlangana nabamele izikole zaseRussia Avant-Garde, ebizwa ngokuthi "inyunyana yentsha", futhi wajoyina le nyunyana. Umsebenzi kaPawulu wawungena ngokoqobo emcabangweni womphakathi wokuhlola, kwathi ngo-1910 waveza embukisweni isithombe sokuqala sekhanda. Kulo msebenzi waqala ukubamba iqhaza njalo komdwebi wesiqalo emibukisweni efanele amalungu enyunyana.
Wabhala futhi wafaka isithombe 'somndeni wabampofu "kanye" nomkhosi wamakhosi ", owenze umbono ongathandeki futhi ocindezelayo ngenxa yezibalo zemvelo ezingezona ezemvelo kanye nephalethi yombala wamehlo ohlukile.
Umuzwa wokuthi imisebenzi idinga izincazelo, ngo-1912, uFilon wabhala indatshana ebizwa ngokuthi "uCanon noMthetho", lapho izimiso zokuqamba zendlela yakhe ebizwa ngokuthi "izifiso zalo zobunye zemvelo kanye nokutadisha kwezinto zayo, ziyashintsha futhi ukukhula njalo. Lo mbhalo, owadalwa ngaphansi kwethonya lembongi uVelimira KHLEBNIOKOV, owaba umngane kaPawulu, wabeka ukuqala kwemibhalo eminingana.
Ngemuva kokuwa kwe- "Union of The Youth" Pholonov United Namalungu Owangaphambilini Emkhulule futhi akhiphe i-manifesto yokudala ebizwa nge- "Mariousworkshini esondelene nabadwebi nabadwebi", okwaba khona ukuqhubeka kwe- "Canon kanye nomthetho". Ababhali be-smer brashi ngayinye babizwa ngokuthi i-athomu noma "iyunithi yesenzo", eliqukethe ukuhlanganiswa kwefomu nombala, kanye nesimiso esiyisisekelo sokudweba sanikezwa ukubheka izenzo zemvelo zemvelo kamama.
Izimvubelo zikaPaul ngokwazo zaphakamisa ukubiza "amafomula", okusho amandla okuqukethwe kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwemininingwane ebonakalayo. Ukulandela lezi zingqondo, uFilon wabhala uchungechunge lwezincwadi zemidwebo "ekujuleni komhlaba", okuye kwaba umfanekiso okhanyayo we-manifesta. Kuma-canvases angama-22, upende omnyama ogcwalisa amajamo we-bizarre we-geometric ahlanganiswe nokubhalwa phansi futhi adale umuzwa wezinto eziphilayo ezelule ukujula kwendawo yonke futhi eboniswe emaphandleni athuthumela.
IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kanye ne-Okthoba Revolution eyayilandela isikhathi esithile, uFilon owayesuka kwinqubo yokudala wasuka. Umculi wabuyela emphakathini ngo-1918, eba yisipikili sohlelo lombukiso wahlela esigodlweni sasebusika phakathi kwabamele izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, izitayela nezitayela.
Ukuthuthukisa umqondo osunguliwe we- "Apytical Art", uPaul wayebhala ngenkuthalo ngopende namabhulashi. Kusukela ngo-1918 kuya ku-1922, wadala umsebenzi ovelele ovelele, phakathi kwawo "ifomula yePetrograd Proletariat" kwakuwukuphela okukhulu, "ukunqoba kwaphakade" kanye "nefosmos formula". Ngasikhathi sinye, uFilonov waba ngumphenyi we "Master Analytical Art" futhi wazama ukukhuthaza imibono yakhe ku-Metropolitan Art Acturemy.
Ukuthandwa kothisha we-Avant-Gardest kwakungathandeki, imibono yakhe ayitholanga izinhlelo phakathi kwabafundi futhi ngenxa yalokho yenqatshwa yiholishi elinamathele emiqondweni yendabuko yendabuko. Kodwa-ke, izinkulumo ezifundwa emandleni okudweba kanye nesibazi akuzange zihlale zingasetshenziswanga futhi zingenamsebenzi. Kususelwa kubo, uPavel Nikolayevich wabhala "isimemezelo se" Global HheyDay "", okwaba yincwadi yohlelo emcabangweni wezobuciko bokuqala isikhathi saseSoviet.
Ekusebenzeni, izimiso zikaFaloko zithola isisho somsebenzi omkhulu "ifomula yentwasahlobo". Indwangu engama-250 nge-285 cm yabhalwa ngebhulashi elincanyana, imivimbo yayo ngokunemba okumangalisayo nenkulumo yadlula inqubo yokuvuselela isithombe somhlaba. Umuzwa wokuvuka kwemvelo kusukela ebusika ubusika wadalwa ngenxa yenhlanganisela yemibala emsulwa, ekhomba yonke indawo enkulu ye-canvas.
Ukuba uhlobo lwe-apothesis yomqondo we- "Analytical Art", lo msebenzi ukhombise ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kokuxhumana kwezinto eziningi eziphilayo nokuhlanganiswa komuntu onomhlaba wangaphandle.
Imizwa ephambene ihluke isithombe esithi "izilwane", sabhalwa ngo-1925-1926. Izidalwa ezingenamisebenzi ezinobuso obuhlanekezelwe zaba izibalo eziphakeme zedolobha elidabukisayo eliboniswe ngesimo sengqondo esingesihle salo mculi, ukufuduka kwabantu emadolobheni.
Umqondo onjalo awuzange uvumelane nama-canoni of the the New Soviet Society, ngakho-ke ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1930s, kanye nabanye abaculi abaculi baqala ukuhlola ingcindezi evela kubaphathi. Imibukiso yakhe yangasese yayikhanseliwe kaningi, futhi izithombe ezethulwe zahlukaniswa nezinto ezikhona. Ukuvinjelwa kwezinhlangano zokudala kuqeda umsebenzi wezomthetho we-maile mai futhi wamphuca umsunguli wendlela yokuziphilisa.
Ngenxa yalokhu, uPavel Nibonelovich kwadingeka enze ukuyekethisa futhi kancane kancane ayeke ngendlela edonswayo yokubhala amakhasimende ambalwa, phakathi kwawo "isithombe se-I. Stalin" kanye "neTrektali STALIN"
Le misebenzi ethengiwe nguMbuso yaletha umculi wezomculi, kepha yahlasela isimo sokudala samahhala esimweni sokukhathazeka nokudangala, okwabonakala emjikelezweni wemidwebo ngaphansi kwegama elithi "ubuso", elenziwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe. I-Triptych ikhombisa ukungavumelani nombuso kanye nokuzimisela ukuvikela izinhloso zazo zokudala. Waba ngomunye wemisebenzi yokugcina yomculi we-avangardist pavel nikolayevich filonov.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
I-theorist ye "Analytical Art" yashada, kepha yayingenazo izingane zayo. Ngo-1921, waphetha umshado nowesifazane ohlukanisile uCatherine Alexandrovna Serebryakova, owayeneminyaka emisha emdala kunomculi wakhulisa amadodana amabili.
Imininingwane yempilo yomuntu siqu kaFilonov nonkosikazi wakhe, inzalo yafundwa kudayari, equkethe izincwadi eziningana ngezinkumbulo. UPavel Nikolaevich wabhala ukuthi yena noRina babehlala emakamelweni ahlukene futhi bahola umkhaya, kepha ubudlelwano bebusebaphilile. Umlingani weseka amakhosi futhi eminyakeni yamuva nje wamsindisa ekufeni elambile.
Ngo-2002, imicabango yomculi enyatheliswa ngohlobo lwezincwadi zama-biografici, ihambisana nokukhiqizwa komsebenzi nezithombe kusuka kungobo yomlando womculi.
Ukushona
Ngo-1941, lapho amaJalimane eqala ukuqhuma kwamabhomu aseLeningrad, uFilononov wabandakanyeka ekusindisweni kwemidwebo yakhe, eyayisesitezi esiphezulu somhlangano wokusebenzela ongashisi. Umsebenzi wobusuku obude e-attic, uqapha umsebenzi owuthandayo.
Ngenxa yalokhu, uPavel Nikolemich ubebanda futhi ngoDisemba 3, 1941, wabulawa yisifo esidalwa yi-supercooling. Kumbhalo osemthethweni oyisikhulu, imbangela yokufa komculi kwakungu-pneumonia.
Ngosuku olulandelayo, iLeningrad Union of Arist yahlela umhlangano onikezelwe ekukhumbuzweni kwamakhosi afela emzini asuswa ezweni elinqunywe phakathi kwamanye amathalente.
UPavel Nikolayevich wembelwa emathuneni aseSeraphim eLeningrad, futhi imidwebo yakhe yanikezwa ukuze kulondolozwe odade, kamuva yaveza umnyuziyamu waseRussia waseSt. Petersburg. Lapho kudluliswa ifa lomculi, abagcini begalari bakhombisa ukuthi eminye imidwebo yanyamalala.
Imidwebo
- 1912-1913 - "Etafuleni"
- 1912-1913 - "Indoda nowesifazane"
- 1912-1913 - "" Idili Likakhosi "
- 1914 - "Umndeni Ompheka"
- 1915 - "Izimbali Zomhlaba Heyday"
- Ngo-1920-1921 - "Ukunqoba Phaphakade"
- 1925-1926 - "Izilwane"
- 1928-1929 - "I-Fmula Spring"
- 1934-1935 - "Izigubhu"
- 1940 - "Persons"
I-Bibliography
- 1912 - "UCanon noMthetho"
- Ngo-1914 - "I-Constiouteniousyop yokusebenzela yabadwebi kanye nemidwebo" yenze izithombe "»
- Ngo-1915 - "Ukuvimbela O World Word"
- Ngo-1922 - "Isimemezelo se" World Heyday ""
- 1923 - "Bika"