I-Biograge
UNicholas Maduro ungumongameli wamanje waseVenezuela onomnotho ocebile futhi omude wezepolitiki.
Ukuqala kokubusa kwakhe kwaba nesikhathi esinzima sezomnotho sombuso, okwaholela ekuphazamisekeni okude ngenxa yokunyuka kwamandla emali okukhulu.
Ubuntwana nentsha
UNicholas Maduro Moros wazalwa ngoNovemba 23, 1962 eCaracas. Ubaba weNqubomgomo Yesikhathi Esizayo wayengumholi weNhlangano Yezemisebenzi yendawo futhi wawuhlanganisa iqembu lezenhlalo laseVenezuela. Ngaphandle komfana, kwakukhona amadodakazi amathathu emndenini: UMaria Teresa, uJosephine no-Anita.
UNicholas ngokwakhe ubiza umuntu ngomjaho oxubile: Emndenini we-pedigree emkhakheni we-maduro babantu bomdabu baseNyakatho neNingizimu Melika, kanye nakwamaMelika ase-Afrika-latin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ugogo nogogo uNicholas ohlwini lukababa kwakukhona amaJuda kaSophod adlula eVenezuela enkohliso.
Ebusheni bakhe, uMaduro wahlukaniswa umlingiswa omnandi futhi wayethanda umculo: amaqembu awathandayo 'ayengamatshe amakhulu' futhi "eholwa nge-zeppelin". Usopolitiki wesikhathi esizayo wake wafuna ukudala iqembu lakhe futhi abe ngumculi wedwala.
Umsebenzi wezepolitiki
Ubulungu enhlanganweni yabafundi beNyuvesi seliphenduke "isidlo sasekuseni" sezepolitiki "sezemfundo, yize imfundo ephakeme kamuva yayingatholanga.
Ngo-1983, phakathi nomkhankaso kamongameli ongaphumelelanga uJose Vicente Rangel, uNicholas wayengumqashi wakhe, ngo-1987 wafunda eHavan Party School "NIKO Lopez". Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4, uMaduro waqala ukusebenza njengomshayeli webhasi ohlelweni lweKarakas Metro. Ubephethe lesi sikhundla iminyaka engu-7, waba ngumholi ongekho emthethweni enyakazo yenhlangano yabashayeli yamabhasi amabhasi e-caracas metro.
Ngo-1993, kanye neqembu labantu abanomqondo ofanayo, uNicholas wavakashela uHugo Chávez, owayeboshwe ngemuva kokuzama ukuthuthumela okungaphumelelanga kuhulumeni. Kusukela ngalowomzuzu kuqhubeke, uMaduro waba ngomunye wabashoshovu abagqugquzela ukukhululwa kwe-Chavez. Kamuva, osopolitiki bajoyina i-MVR Batch, eyayisekela umkhankaso kamongameli we-1998.
Ngo-1998, uMaduro waqala indlela yakhe yezepolitiki enkulu, eba ngumuntu ozongenela amasekela weCongress of the Republic, kwathi ngoJanuwari 23, 1999 wayesephethwe yiPhalamende lePhalamende leMVR esigcemeni seWenezuela. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, usopolitiki waqokwa isikhundla sokuba ngumhlangano we-COMSTITUED WASY99, owakha uMthethosisekelo omusha wesiFunda saseTenezuela. Umsebenzi kaMaduro washeshe waya entabeni: Ngo-2000 kwathi ngo-2005 waqokwa eSifundeni Sikazwelonke esifundeni sasedolobheni lakuleli dolobha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uNicholas waba yisikhulumi sePhalamende - ukuntuleka kwemfundo ekhethekile akuvimbanga lokhu.
Ngo-2006, uMongameli uHugo Chavez wacela mathupha uMaduro ukuthi athathe isikhundla sikaNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle, athathe isikhundla sika-Ali Rodriguez Arak kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwezizwe zaseNingizimu Melika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoDisemba 8, 2012, uHugo Chavez usevele ugula kakhulu esifo se-Oncological, wathi uma eshiya iposi likaMongameli, uNicholas kufanele athathe. Ngakho-ke uMaduro, owayehlala noNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle, waba nePhini likaMongameli waseVenezuela.
Ngemuva kokushona kukaChavez ngoMashi 5, 2013, osopolitiki benziwa nguMongameli. Imidiya yakwamanye amazwe yamfakazela ilungelo lalokhu okuthunyelwe okukhulunywa ngalo, ngoba ngenxa yokugula kukaChavez, akakwazanga ukuthwala lesi sifungo segama likaMongameli le-4. INkantolo Ephakeme yabheka lezi zimangalo ukuba ziboshwe, kusukela ngesikhathi sokufa uMongameli ayesevele esenamandla, futhi uhulumeni wombuso unokuqhubeka kokuphatha. Ngakho-ke, uMaduro waba nelungelo lokufeza imisebenzi kamongameli.
Ngo-Ephreli 14, 2013, amakhetho okuqala ayebanjelwe eVenezuela - ngokoMthethosisekelo, uma kwenzeka kufa uMongameli ngesikhathi sokuqala kweminyaka engu-4 yesikhathi seBhodi, ukhetho olusha kufanele lwenzeke kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30. Umphikisi wakhe wezepolitiki u-Enrique Caplalilas Maduro wazungeza amavoti ayi-1.5%.
Intatheli ye-Argentina u-Andres Openheimer, umgxeki wakudala weziphathimandla zaseChavez, wathi uMaduro waba nethuba okhethweni, ngoba inkulumo-ze yakhe yaba nomthelela ekulimaleni komongameli oshonile. Okwamanje, imizuzu emi-4 kuphela yokukhangisa ukhetho ngosuku okuvunyelwe ngesikhathi. Ngokuphakanyiswa, uMaduro wayeningi, kepha imizuzu eyi-10 yezikhangiso ezivela kuhulumeni nangohulumeni banezelwa kubo.
Ngenxa yalokho, ama-capriles anqabile ukwamukela imiphumela yokhetho, kusukela ngolwazi lwakhe, okungenani ukwephulwa kwezinkulungwane ezingama-3.5 kwatholakala lapho kuvotelwa. UMaduro wavuma ukwenza kabusha amavoti, kepha lo mbono wenqatshwa nguMkhandlu Kahulumeni Kazwelonke, ubhekisa ekuzenzakaleni inqubo yokubala kanye neqiniso lokuthi amasheke aphindaphindwayo afakwa ekuqaleni inqubo. Ngo-Ephreli 19, 2013, uNicholas Maduro waguqulwa.
Usopolitiki wamukela izwe elisesimweni esibucayi: Ngokubambisana negunya anaso isikweletu sikahulumeni kanye ne-13% yokushoda kwesabelomali. Kodwa-ke, ngokumelene nesizinda samanani aphezulu kumafutha, isimo sakwazi ukuthuthuka, kanti iVenezuela GDP yakhula ngo-1.6%. Ngo-Okthoba, uMaduro unxuse umhlangano wezwe ngesicelo sokunikeza amandla akhethekile okubhekana nenkohlakalo. Izepolitiki yaxhasa abasePhalamende abangama-99. Njengoba kubo, ngo-165, abantu abaningana ababekhuluma "baphenduke" batholakale ngokwanele ukuba basebenzise lesi sinyathelo.
NgoNovemba, uMongameli wenza isenzo, engabazekayo kulandela. Ngemuva kokuboshwa kwabanikazi benethiwekhi ngokuthengiswa kwezimpahla zikagesi, imikhiqizo ethuthiwe yathengiswa kubantu ngentengo encishisiwe ngamahlandla ayi-10. Amaphoyisa akwazile ukubhekana nomdlandla odumile kuphela ngokwengxenye: izitolo eziningi zaphangwa.
Isisulu esilandelayo sokulwa nenkohliso sayinethiwekhi yokuhweba "Daka". Kodwa-ke, ukuboshwa kwabanikazi kanye nokuthathwa kabusha kwemikhiqizo akukwazanga ukubhekana nanoma yikuphi ukusilela noma ukwehla kwamandla emali kudlule ama-50%. Isimo esinzima sasigcwele ubugebengu obukhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ngoFebhuwari 2014, isenzo sombango saqala ezweni.
Ababambiqhaza babo bafuna ukulondeka okwengeziwe, futhi kwathi inkinga yezomnotho hhayi nomphumela wezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni, kodwa izinqubomgomo zakhe. Imiphumela yamasheya yayishayisana nezakhiwo zamandla, zona, imibhikisho emisha.
Njengokuphendula, uMaduro wenziwa esiteshini sethelevishini sikahulumeni futhi wabiza izakhamizi ezikanye ezinganqotshwa ukufunwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMongameli uthe abaphikisi babenohlelo lwe-State Coup Plan.
2014-2015 Insimbi yeVenezuela esindayo, ikakhulukazi maqondana nezomnotho: Ukuwa kwamanani kawoyela omhlaba kuholele ekunyukeni kwamanani emali, futhi ngohulumeni ka-2016 kwadingeka ukuthi aye ekudleni kweVenezuelan Bolivar.
Umphumela wobunzima bezomnotho kanye nemibhikisho ejwayelekile kwakuwumphumela ongalindelekile okhethweni lukazwelonke kwiNational Assembly: Izindawo eziningi zathathwa ngabamele abaphikisi. Ngakho-ke, iPhalamende laba yinsimu yomzabalazo wezepolitiki, futhi uMaduro wasindiswa isikhathi eside esasekelwa yiNkantolo Ephakeme yaseVenezuela.
Ngo-2016, uMongameli wazama ukufudukela ehhovisi: IsiGungu Sikazwelonke sezwe eliqoqwe eMaduro Accousation ku-State Coup. Ngo-Okthoba, kwaqhutshelwa ukuvota kuqala kwenqubo yokugcwala. UMongameli wafaka isicelo sosizo eVatican, futhi uPapa wathumela unobhala wezwe laseVatican ezingxoxweni nokuphikiswa nguVenezuela. Umphumela waba ukumiswa kokungasebenzi kanye nokuphuma kwinkululeko yosopolitiki abangama-5 abaphikisayo.
Kodwa-ke, ngoJanuwari 9, 2017, iningi lezinkolelo zinqume ukumemezela uMongameli oshiye okuthunyelwe kwawo ngenxa yokungagcwalisi imisebenzi yokungagcwalisi imisebenzi. Usize uMaduro futhi neNkantolo Ephakeme - wavuma ukuthi iPhalamende alinalo igunya lokususa uMongameli.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UMongameli Venezuela ungomunye wabaholi abaphezulu kakhulu bezwe lezizwe, ukukhula kwawo kungu-190 cm.
Ushade noNicholas Maduro wayephindwe kabili. Umfazi wokuqala waba u-Adriana Guerra Angulo. Umshado wethulwe kusukela ngo-1988 kuya ku-1994, okuwukuphela kwendodana kaMongameli - uNicolas Maduro Guerra wazalwa kuye. Waziwa nangokuthi yi-nichsito futhi wenza ezepolitiki: ngokwesibonelo, kwenzeka eMhlanganweni Kazwelonke futhi aholele esikoleni sefilimu kazwelonke.
Ngo-2013, kwenziwa izinguquko empilweni yomuntu kaMongameli - waphinde washada. Unkosikazi wesibili e-biography yaseMaduro kwakuwummeli nosopolitiki baplonatha. Ubudlelwano bezothando eLilia kanye noMongameli wesikhathi esizayo baqala ngeminyaka yama-1990s, lapho uFlores wayengummeli weHugo Chávez. Azikho izingane ezihlangene nombhangqwana, noma kunjalo, uMaduro waba nguyise wezingane ezintathu zaseSiliya emshadweni wokuqala.
Ukwazisa umphakathi nokuxhumana nezakhamizi, uMongameli waseVenezuela uhola i-akhawunti esemthethweni ku-Twitter. I-blog inomlingiswa womphakathi: izinto zokwakha nezithombe zikhanyisa impilo yezepolitiki kaMaduro.
Nicholas maduro manje
Manje, naphezu kokusheshisa okunzima kwezinkikiso eziphikisayo kanye nezindlela eziningi zokuvimbela nokujezisa, ukufezekiswa kwabantu abaphikisi bamandla wamanje eVenezuela aqhubeka.
Ngo-Agasti 4, 2018, kwaqhutshwa yiPharade eVenezuela ngesikhathi sokugubha iminyaka engama-81 yokudalwa kweNational Guard. Ngesikhathi ebambile eMaduro, kwenziwa umzamo - uMongameli wazama ukubulala ngosizo lwama-drones andizayo agcwele iziqhumane. Isibopho salokho okwenzeka eqenjini elithi "Amasosha aseFlannel" athatha.
Ekupheleni kuka-2018, uMaduro wahlangana nekhanda leRussia Federation. Ngesikhathi sengxenye evulekile yomhlangano, uVladimir Putin wakugxeka ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula kwalesi siphikiswa saseVenezuela, wathi izenzo zikaMaduro kufanele zihloswe ukuxazulula ubudlelwano nabaphikisi bezepolitiki. Iphuzu eliyisihluthulelo sobudlelwano baseRussia-Venezuelan lihlala likhona amandla.
Ngo-2019, uVenezuela washintsha imithetho yawo yokushushumbisa kawoyela - ngokwesitatimende sikaNicholas Maduro, yonke imikhiqizo kawoyela manje izothengiswa kuphela iVenezuelan Cryptocurrency Petro. Ngokusho kwakhe, isinyathelo esinjalo yindlela yokuqeda ithonya lezepolitiki lemali "elite washington". Ngasikhathi sinye, uMongameli umemezele ukwenyuka komholo omncane eVenezuela amahlandla ayi-2,5.
-Zuzayo
- 2013 - "Ukuhleleka kweLiberator"
- 2013 - I-oda lomlandili weSan Martin "
- 2013 - "Ukuhleleka Kwezwe Lase-Condor kanye"
- 2014 - "I-Order Star Palestine"
- 2016 - I-Order of José Marty "2013 - I-Order of the Liberator"
- 2013 - I-oda lomlandili weSan Martin "
- 2013 - "Ukuhleleka Kwezwe Lase-Condor kanye"
- 2014 - "I-Order Star Palestine"
- 2016 - "Order José Marty"