I-Biograge
UCharles Bukowski umlobi waseJalimane - umbhali waseMelika, imbongi, umbhali we-Noterist kanye neNkosi yezindaba ezimfushane, wayengomunye wabameli abakhanyayo "abanomthelela empilweni yezenhlalo, yamasiko nakwezomnotho e-United States ngawo-1980 wekhulu lama-20. Inkosi yaphansi komhlaba yanyatheliswa kabanzi ezincwadini eziphrintiwe futhi yakhipha izincwadi ezingaphezu kuka-60 ezadala ukusabela okuxakile kwabagxeki kanye nabafundi ngesikhathi sokuphila komlobi kanye nokukhiqiza izikhala ezishisayo ngemuva kokushona kwakhe.Ubuntwana nentsha
UHeinrich Karl Bukukski wazalelwa eJalimane ngo-Agasti 16, 1920, wambiza ngokuthi ngemuva kwabazali kaKatharina Fett noHeinrich Bukovsky bathuthela eMelika ngemuva nje kokuvela kweNdodana. Ekuqaleni, umndeni wazinza eBaltimore, wabe esethuthela eLos Angeles, waya ezweni lakubo okhokho emugqeni kababa. UCharles osemusha wakhuluma isiNgisi ngesiqinisekiso esiqinile saseJalimane, okwenza ukugconwa okubi ngezingane zomakhelwane.
Ekhaya, umfana futhi akatholanga induduzo nokusekelwa, njengoba ubaba ahlekisa ngengane ngokuziphatha nangokomzimba, eshaya icala elincane. Umama owayesaba ukuletha ulaka lomyeni wakhe, wabheka buthule ukuhlupheka kwendodana yakhe.
Kamuva, silandisa ngobuntwana bakhe efilimu elibhalwe phansi "Bukovsky: UCharles wenza iziphetho zokuthi ukwelashwa okungafanele kwasiza ekuqondeni uhlobo lobuhlungu futhi kwamsunduzela ekuqaleni kwe-biography yokudala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudangala, okuthathelwe indawo ngokufutheka, kwanikeza izwi kumlobi nangezinto ezisetshenziselwa imisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo.
Extenuine umfana atholakala ekufundeni, okwaba isisa esithandekayo ngokuphila. Umuntu osemusha waya eLos Angeles High School, futhi wachitha isikhathi sakhe samahhala wanikeza umtapo wezincwadi wendawo. Njengoba esevuthiwe, wangena eCity College, lapho avakashela khona izifundo ezincwadini, ngobuntatheli kanye nobuciko.
Ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II, uCharles waphonsa izifundo zakhe wathuthela eNew York, kwathi ePhiladelphia, lapho, khona, ngenxa yemvelaphi yaseJalimane, uBukovsky wabopha ama-FBI Agents. Umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wasolwa ngokuqhakaza embuthweni wezempi futhi wethulwa izinsuku eziyi-17 ejele. Emva kwalokho, uCharles wanquma ukuya embuthweni wezempi, kodwa wehluleka ukuhlolwa kwe-psychology futhi wamukelwa njengengafanelekele insizakalo.
Amaphupho omsebenzi wokubhala avela ekhanda leBukovsky namanje ebusheni, kepha izinyathelo zokuqala ezincwadini zilethe umbhali oneminyaka engama-24. Ukukhungatheka. Ngemuva kokwehluleka kwezindaba eziningana zonyaka, uCharles walahlekelwa ukholo ethalenteni lakhe futhi wasuka ekubukeni iminyaka eyishumi, wenza umsebenzi womzimba. Ngalesi sikhathi, iBukowski ihlala iphuza futhi idlalwe umzimba ngokungabikho kokudla okunempilo okugcwele.
Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1955, insizwa ethile yafika esibhedlela isilonda esishonile sokopha. Ukuphuma esibhedlela, uCharles akazange ashiye umkhuba olimazayo, kodwa waphinda wathatha ipeni. Washicilela izinkondlo eziningi ohlelweni lwenkondlo olunesizotha, wabe eseqala ukusebenzisana noNomad, washicilela enye yezindatshana ezidumile kakhulu Bukovsky "Manifesto: Ucingo lwabagxeki bethu".
Izincwadi
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1960, uBukovsky wayehlala eLos Angeles futhi wasebenza eposini. Ngalesi sikhathi, imisebenzi yakhe yayinentshisekelo ku-Edition "Yesisekelo" yashicilela izindaba eziningana zabalobi. Lapho-ke izinkondlo zikaCharles zivele kumagazini wezemibhalo "wangaphandle". Kusukela ngo-1967, uBukovsky wahola ikholomu yakhe ephephandabeni elivulekile, amanothi awo waba yisisekelo sokuqoqwa kwama-miniatures abizwa ngokuthi "amanothi wembuzi endala".
Ngo-1969, wamukela isiphakamiso ngokubambisana kusuka ku-Black Sparrow Press Publishing House futhi wesula emsebenzini ukuze anikele ngokuphelele ebuqandleni. Ngaphansi kwenyanga, washicilela inoveli yakhe yokuqala ebizwa nge- "mail". Le ncwadi yathandwa eYurophu futhi yaletha umbhali ngodumo emhlabeni wonke, ihunyushelwe emashumi ezilimi.
Abahleli bezinkampani ezinkulu baphonsa iziphakamiso zeBukovsky, kepha umlobi wahlala ethembekile ezindlini zokushicilela ezincane. Washicilela amaqoqo ama-3 wezinkondlo nezincwadi ezi-2 zemisebenzi yohlobo oluncane. "Izandla zobuhlanya ezijwayelekile" futhi "umfazi omuhle kakhulu edolobheni" equkethe izindaba ze-biographical eziqinisa impumelelo kaCharles futhi zilungiselele umfundi ukufaka inoveli yesibili ebizwa nge- "Factotum".
Umlobi wagcina wabumba isitayela sobunikazi obuhlanganisiwe, ehlukaniswa izincazelo ezingasho lutho zempilo yabalingiswa kanye nobuningi bamazwi nezinkulumo ezihlanganayo. Le ndlela yayiyisici esilinganayo nesici esibonakalayo, kanye nezinkondlo futhi yaba abafundi abadumile abazimisele "ngemininingwane engcolile."
Ngalesi sizathu, izilaleli zazihlangane ngentshiseko ukuqoqwa kwezinkondlo "Mina kanye nezimbotshana zakho zothando" kanye nenoveli yalabo "abesifazane" yamlandela. Ngenxa yale misebenzi, uBukovsky waqala ukuthengisa kahle futhi wathola isisusa sokubhala ngokwengeziwe.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 - ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980s, uCharles ukhishwe ama-5 ezincwadi izinkondlo ngasikhathi sinye futhi esinye se- "Uthola ungedwa ngezikhathi ezithile, kwathi ngo-1982, iBlarrow Sparrow iphrinte" embi "ebabazekayo" "Isinkwa nge-ham". Kule ncwadi, iBukovsky yaphenduka ebuntwaneni i-Alterhere yakhe ego Henry Chinasky futhi ichaze ukuxhashazwa kukaYise nokungabi nandaba nokuqala kwempilo yombhali.
UCharles wabuyela engqikingweni kanye ne-desauncery charles encwadini ethi "Music Amanzi Ashisayo", lapho kwakugcwele khona iziza ezijwayelekile ngokuthambekela okumangazayo nokungabanakaliseki, bese beqamba amanye amaqoqo ezinkondlo.
Ngo-1989, iBukovsky ichaze inqubo yokuzalwa kwefilimu "edakiwe" enoveli yaseHollywood, lapho abadlali abadumile, abaqondisi nababhali bezikrini baba prototypes wabalingiswa abaphambili. Umlobi ngokuningiliziwe futhi upende ngokweqiniso isithombe se-backstage of cinematographirs, ukuyeka izimfihlo ezingezinhle zempilo kanye nomlingiswa wezinkanyezi.
Umsebenzi wokugcina womlobi kwakuwukuthi "inkaba", enyatheliswa ngo-1994, ngemuva kokushona kweBukuuski. Lo mseshi wencwadi uhlukile kuyo yonke imisebenzi eyedlule nguCharles, ukuntuleka kokubhekiselwa kwi-biography yakhe, kepha kugcinwe ukungaziphathi nokuvuleleka, kanye nezinhlamvu zabalingiswa abakhanyayo nabangalibaleki.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ebusheni, uBukovsky wahola impilo ebanzi futhi engafanele. Ukudakwa okungalawulwa kwaholela kumlobi wesikhathi esizayo ngomshado notshwala obuqanjwe nguJane Kuni Baker. Abashadikazi bahlala ndawonye isikhashana, kepha ubudlelwano babo abubizwanga bubi, kamuva iProse yapenda kaningi isithombe sonkosikazi wokuqala ekhasini lemisebenzi yakhe.
Ngo-1955, uJane wanyamalala emkhathizwe, futhi uCharles uhlobanisa ngokusemthethweni impilo nemiboni leTexas Poertss Bary Fry, kepha uthando lwabo lwalufushane. Ngemuva kokuthi i-Divoros Barbara yaya e-India, lapho washona khona masinyane ezimweni ezingaqondakali. Intombi elandelayo kaCharles yaba uFrancis Smith, ongazange abe ngumfazi womlobi, kodwa wabeletha indodakazi yakhe uMaria uLouise.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960s, iBukovski yashintsha abesifazane njengamagilavu. Iminyaka eminingana wahlangana nezinkondlo uLinda King, impilo enesivunguvungu eyayihlukaniswa ngokuxabana okungapheli, ifinyelela impi. Ngokuhambisana nale noveli, uCharles waxhumana nabanye besifazane abaningi kakhulu kunalokho baphonsa intombi enkulu, ekugcineni abashiya umlobi bathuthela kwelinye idolobha, kude nomqashi kanye nomqambiso.
Kwakuvela eLinda King Bukukov eyaqala inoveli "abesifazane", eyambula imininingwane esondele kakhulu yempilo yakhe uqobo. Amanye amaqhawe omsebenzi womsebenzi uWilliam's Studio Studio osebenza kahle, owaphazamiseka ekuphazamisekeni kwe-psyche, i-amber emusha nakasha eshadile u-Amber Onereill, owaphupha umthandi ngokhuni olubi, "ehlehla kabusha" uPamela Miller Wood, owayehlala eduze , nemiboniso yeWeb yaseJoanna, eyahlukanisa umlobi wezinganekwane owonakalisayo.
Ngenxa yezizathu ezingenakuqondakala kwenoveli, ayikho indawo kaLinda Lee owayegijime, umnikazi wesitolo sokudlela sokudla okunempilo, okwaba ngukugcina, unkosikazi wesithathu waseBukowski. UCharles wajwayelana naye ngo-1976 ngesikhathi sokufundwa komphakathi futhi cishe iminyaka eyi-10 wasekela ubudlelwano benkinobho noshade naye wesikhathi esizayo.
Ukushona
Ngo-1988, iBukovsky yathola i-leukemia, okwakuyimbangela yokufa komlobi ngoMashi 9, 1994. Njengoba uCharles wayengumqinisekisi ongakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona, umngcwabo womngcwabo waphathwa yizindela zamaBuddha. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule I-Master of Delind Realism eyayihlala embhedeni endlini yakhe eduze naseSan Diego, ezungezwe ukukhathazeka komfazi kaLinda Li indlela.
Umngcwabo wokungcwaba wabanjelwa eGreen Hills Memorial Park ePalos Verdez Rancho, eCalifornia. EGravEstone, iBukovsky, i-silhouette yoBooker iboniswa futhi isihloko senkondlo "asizami".
Amacaphuna
"Lapho unqoba inani elithile lezincwadi ezifanele, kuvela ukuthi akusekho ushiywe. Kufanele ubhale ngokwakho ""Angibali ngoba wonke umuntu uzoba ubuhlakani, kepha bekungeke kuqagele ukuthi kakhulu abantu bazophonsa ku-idiocy nge-appleb enjalo"
"Uma ukwazile ukukhohlisa umuntu, akusho ukuthi uyisiwula - kusho ukuthi uthembele ngaphezu kwalokho okufanele"
"Abantu bangathanda kuphela uma bengabazi kahle kakhulu"
I-Bibliography
- 1969 - "Amanothi wembuzi endala"
- 1971 - "IPosini"
- 1973 - "South ngaphandle kwezimpawu zasenyakatho"
- 1975 - "I-Factotum"
- 1978 - "Abesifazane"
- 1982 - "Isinkwa Nge Ham"
- 1983 - "Izindaba zobuhlanya ojwayelekile"
- 1983 - "Owesifazane omuhle kakhulu edolobheni"
- 1989 - "IHollywood"
- 1994 - "Maculatura"