I-Biograge
Umlobi waseFrance, u-Essura noWillight Albert Camo babengummeleli wezezizukulwane zakhe. Ukuqagela ngezinkinga zefilosofi zencazelo yempilo kanye nokusesha amanani eqiniso anikezwe umlobi isimo sehlelo phakathi kwabafundi futhi kulethe umklomelo kaNobel ezincwadini ezingama-44.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Albert Cami wazalwa ngoNovemba 7, 1913 eMondovy, e-Algeria, khona-ke lokho kwakuyingxenye yeFrance. Uyise-isiFulentshi wabulawa ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, lapho u-Alberta egcwaliseka unyaka owodwa. Umama womfana, iSpanishi yimvelaphi, wakwazi ukuhlinzeka imali encane kanye nezindlu endaweni empofu ye-Algeria ngenxa yomsebenzi ongafaneleki.
Ubuntwana buka-Albert babempofu futhi benelanga. Impilo e-Algeria yenza uCami azizwe ecebile ngenxa yesimo sezulu esifudumele. Ukwahlulela ngesitatimende se-camus, 'wayephila ubumpofu, kodwa futhi nasekujabuleni ngokwensaka. " Ifa lakhe laseSpain lamnika umuzwa wokuzithemba ngobumpofu kanye nothando lokudumisa. UCami waqala ukubhala esemncane.
E-Algeria University, ifilosofi eyayifundela ngokugqamile - inani nencazelo yempilo, ukugcizelela ukuqhathanisa ukuqhathanisa nobuKristu nobuKristu. Ngenkathi esengumfundi, lo mfo wasungula inkundla yemidlalo yeshashalazi, ngasikhathi sinye wahola futhi wadlala emisebenzini. E-17, u-Alberta agula ngesifo sofuba, esingamvumelanga ukuba ahlanganyele emidlalweni yezemidlalo, ezempi nezokufundisa. UCami wasebenza ezikhundleni ezahlukahlukene ngaphambi kokuba abe yintatheli ngo-1938.
Imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala eshicilelwe yayithi "indlala nobuso" ngo-1937 "nedili lomshado" ngo-1939 - iqoqo lezindatshana ezinikelwe encazelweni yempilo nenjabulo yalo, kanye nokungabi nalutho. Isitayela sezincwadi sika-Albert Camus saphawula igebe elinenoveli yendabuko yo-bourgeois. Ukuhlaziywa kwakhe kwengqondo okungatheni kunezinkinga zefilosofi.
I-Cams yathuthukisa umbono wokungezwani, okunikeze isihloko iningi lemisebenzi yakhe yokuqala. Ubuwula bukhona kwalasha phakathi kwesifiso somuntu kuya enjabulweni nasemhlabeni, angaqonda ngokucophelela, futhi umhlaba wangempela, osatshiswayo futhi osatshiswayo. Isigaba sesibili semicabango yeCami savela kusukela kokuqala: Umuntu akufanele athathe nje indawo yonke engenangqondo, kodwa futhi 'avukele' kuye. Lokhu kuvukelwa akuyona yezepolitiki, kepha egameni lamanani endabuko.
Izincwadi
"Intambo" yokuqala yaseRoma, enyatheliswa ngo-1942, yanikela ngesici esingesihle somuntu. Le ncwadi ilandisa ngomabhalane osemncane ogama lakhe linguMerso, okungumuntu oxoxa izindaba nomlingiswa ophambili. I-Merso Alien kuyo yonke imizwa yabantu elilindelekile, "uLunatic" empilweni. Inkinga yenoveli iyavela ebhishi lapho iqhawe elihileleka engxabanweni alilona iphutha laso, lihlubula i-Araba.
Ingxenye yesibili yenoveli inikezelwe enkantolo yakhe ngokubulala kanye nesigwebo sefa, ayiqonda ngendlela efanayo naleyo eyayibulala i-Araba. I-Merso ithembekile ngokuphelele encazelweni yemizwa yakhe, futhi yilolu ukwethembeka okwenza kube "umfo" ezweni futhi liqinisekise ukuqiniseka. Isimo esijwayelekile sifanekisela uhlobo lwempilo olungenangqondo, futhi lo mphumela uthuthukiswa ngesitayela sencwadi eyisicaba nenemibala yencwadi.
UCami wabuyela e-Algeria ngo-1941 futhi waqeda incwadi yakhe elandelayo "Inganekwane ngoSisYiff", futhi yanyatheliswa ngo-1942. Le yindatshana yefilosofi ngohlobo lwempilo engenanjongo. Umlingiswa wenganekwane uSisif, wagwetshwa i-Phakapheli, uphakamisa itshe elisindayo entabeni kuphela ukuze agoqele futhi. USisifa uba ngophawu lwesintu futhi emizamweni yalo engaguquki kufinyelela ukunqoba okuthile okudabukisayo.
Ngo-1942, yabuya eFrance, iCami yajoyina iqembu "ukumelana" futhi yahlanganyela ebuthanweni ongaphansi komhlaba ukuba "ukukhululwa" ngo-1944, lapho eba umhleli wephephandaba "ukulwa" iminyaka emithathu. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi, kufakwa imidlalo yakhe yokuqala yokuqala: "Ukungaqondi" ngo-1944 kanye ne- "caligula" ngo-1945
Indima enkulu ekudlaleni kokuqala yadlalwa ngumlingisi uMaria Kazares. Ukusebenza neCami kuthuthelwe ebudlelwaneni obujulile ngobude eminyakeni emithathu. UMariya wahlala ebudlelwaneni obunobungane no-Albert ekufeni kwakhe. Ingqikithi esemqoka yokudlalwa kwakuwukungenangqondo kwempilo nokuphela kokufa. Kwakuku-Drama yeChampion eyayizwa iphumelela kakhulu.
Ngo-1947, u-Albert wakhipha inoveli yakhe yesibili ethi "Inhlupheko". Kulokhu, uCami wagxila ohlangothini oluqondile lomuntu. Echaza ukuhlaselwa okuqanjiwe kwesifo se-bubonic edolobheni lase-Algeria, waphinde wabheka isihloko sokunganangqondo, okuvezwe ngokunengqondo nokufa okungafanele ngokuphelele okubangelwa yisifo.
Umlandeli, uDkt Rie, wachaza kahle lokho "ukwethembeka" - lo ngumuntu ogcinile amandla omlingiswa futhi uzama, noma kungaphumeleli, alwe nokuqubuka kwesifo.
Kwelinye izinga, inoveli ingabhekwa njengomqondo oqanjiwe womsebenzi waseJalimane eFrance. "Uhluphekayo" lwathola udumo olude kakhulu lwabafundi njengophawu lokulwa nobubi nokuhlupheka - izinkinga ezinkulu zokuziphatha zabantu.
Incwadi ebalulekile ebalulekile yeCam iye yaba "yindoda evukelayo." Iqoqo lifaka imisebenzi emi-3 ebalulekile yefilosofi yombhali, ngaphandle kwayo kunzima ukuyiqonda umqondo wayo wokuba khona kokuphela kuze kube sekupheleni. Emsebenzini, uyabuzwa imibuzo: Liyini inkululeko neqiniso, eliqukethe umuntu okhululekile ngempela. Impilo e-Camu iyisiphithiphithi. Futhi kufanelekile ukuvelela ukuvukela ukuze uphile ngokoqobo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
NgoJuni 16, 1934, uCami washada noSimone Hee, owayekade ehlanganyela nomngane wombhali max-fuchee. Kodwa-ke, impilo yomuntu siqu yabasanda kushada yahlala isikhashana - lo mbhangqwana wahlukana ngoJuni 1936, futhi isehlukaniso saqedwa ngoSepthemba 1940.
Ngo-December 3, 1940, ushadile uFrancine Francis, uthisha wezibalo kanye ne-mathematics, owahlangana ngo-1937. Yize u-Alber wayemthanda umkakhe, akazange akholelwe emshadweni we-Institute. Naphezu kwalokhu, laba bahlanganisa ama-twin amadodana kaCatherine noJean, ezalwe ngoSepthemba 5, 1945.
Ukushona
Ngo-1957, umklomelo kaNobel ezincwadini zemisebenzi yakhe wamukelwa ngumklomelo kaNobel. Ngawo lowo nyaka, u-Albert waqala ukusebenza ngenoveli ebalulekile yesine, futhi naye wayezoba ngumqondisi wethiyetha elikhulu laseParis.
NgoJanuwari 4, 1960, washona engozini yemoto edolobhaneni elincane laseVilblevin. Umlobi wayeneminyaka engama-46 ubudala. Yize abaningi basikisela ukuthi imbangela yokufa komlobi ngabe ingozi ehlelwe yimikhandlu, abukho ubufakazi balokhu. UCamsi wasinda kumkakhe nezingane.
Imibili yomsebenzi wakhe yanyatheliswa kungekudala: "Ukufa okujabulisayo", okulotshwe ngasekupheleni kwawo-1930s, futhi kwanyatheliswa ngo-1971, futhi "nomuntu wokuqala" (1994), owabhalela uCami isikhathi sokufa kwakhe. Icala lomlobi laba ukulahlekelwa ngobuhlungu ngezincwadi, ngoba kusamele babhale imisebenzi ebugungwini obuvuthiwe nabaqondayo futhi bandise i-biography yakhe yokudala.
Ngemuva kokushona kuka-Albert Cami, abaqondisi abaningi bomhlaba wonke bathatha imisebenzi yeFranceman ukuba bazifihle. Sekuvele amafilimu ayi-6 asuselwa ezincwadini zefilosofi, kanye ne-biography eyodwa yobuciko lapho kutholakala izingcaphuno zoqobo zombhali futhi izithombe zangempela zangempela ziyakhonjiswa.
Amacaphuna
"Esizukulwaneni ngasinye, kuhloswe ngazo ukuzibheka ukuze uphinde ufezwe umhlaba" "Angifuni ukuba nobuhlakani, nginezinkinga okwanele engizitholayo, ngizame ukuba yindoda nje esizokwenza afe, afeze impilo yethu ihlaya "" Uhambo njengesayensi enkulu kakhulu futhi esibucayi lusisiza futhi uzitholeI-Bibliography
- Ngo-1937 - "Ukushintshana nobuso"
- Ngo-1942 - "I-string"
- Ngo-1942 - "Inganekwane Mayelana neSisyiff"
- Ngo-1947 - "Isifo"
- 1951 - "I-Raw Pie"
- 1956 - "Ukuwa"
- 1957 - "Ukungenisa Izihambi"
- 1971 - "Ukufa Okujabulisayo"
- 1978 - "Idayari yokuhamba"
- 1994 - "Umuntu Wokuqala"