I-Biograge
I-Yang van EYK ngummeleli okhanyayo wobuciko obubonakele be-epoch of the waghtly renaissance yokuqala. Umdwebi wamaDashi wabeka isiqalo esibizwa ngokuthi "Art Nova". Wayephakathi kwababhali bokuqala abasayina imidwebo. Umsebenzi wakhe wafaka imininingwane yezithombe nokunemba okumangalisayo, ochwepheshe abaphoqelekile ukucabanga ukuthi umculi wasebenzisa izinsimbi zokukhanya emsebenzini.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-biography yomdwebi ihlala iyimfihlakalo, njengoba imibhalo engatholakali eqinisekisa amaqiniso amaningi. Abaphenyi bahlala benza imibono kuphela futhi bakhe ama-hypotheses. Isibonelo, usuku olunembile lokuvela kukaJan wang eyka alaziwa. Kukholakala ukuthi wazalwa ngalesi sikhathi esivela eminyakeni engu-1385 kuye kwayi-1390. Izwe lakubo lingaba idolobha elibizwa ngeMasheik noma elinye indawo esifundazweni, iLimburg. Namuhla womabili la madolobha asensimini yeBelgium.
Umculi odumile wakhulela nabazalwane ngombusi nasesilingweni, kanye nodadewabo uMargarita. Funda izingxabano eziningi ngegama likaMbusi wang eyka. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi umdwebo we-yana wazifundisa. Umfowethu omdala wawudlulisela ukuhlangana kwakhe namakhono akhe futhi wabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kweminye imisebenzi.
Abaphenyi baphakamisa ukuthi uhlobo "lwe-duet emndenini" lungaphumelela. Kepha ngokuhlukile, babehlala bebeka phambili izinguqulo ezazingabandakanyi emsebenzini weWang EYKA futhi angeke zibe khona nhlobo. Iqiniso ngukuthi lezi zincwadi nemithombo zivame ukuguquguquka, ngakho-ke akulula ukwakha isithombe esingokoqobo semicimbi.
Umsebenzi wokuqala womculi awugcinwanga, kepha kukhona isiqinisekiso sokuthi umsebenzi wakhe waqala ngo-1422. Ngalesi sikhathi, uJan van eyk waba ngumdwebi wenkantolo wegrafu uJohanna III wavarian futhi wahlala eHague. Ngokwesikhundla sanamuhla, umculi wayesemncane, kepha yinkosi enekhono kuphela engafinyelela lesi simo. Ngesikhathi, umfanekiso wakwazi ukuthola abafundi kanye nesikole sakhe.
Ukupenda
Indlela yombhali kaYana van Eyka yayibonisa iminyaka engasekho ephakathi nendawo ehambisana neqiniso. Izazi-mlando zobuciko zigubha emisebenzini ye-ARRCTION impront yimisebenzi kaTommaso da Modena noRobert Campen. I-Experimence van Eyk imangale abalandeli ngokunemba okumangalisayo, isithombe esingokoqobo sezinto zokwakha nokukhanya.
Ezinye izazi-mlando zobuciko zisikisela ukuthi umculi waqala umsebenzi wokudala nge-miniatures. Ukubhalwa kwakhe kubangelwa ngumsebenzi we- "Funeral" kanye "nokuthathwa kukaKristu esitokisini", kwabhalwa iminyaka engu-1415-1417. Eminye yemisebenzi edumile yomculi kwakuyi-altare elisemqoka eBelgian Herte, eSt Bavon's Cathedral. I-Polyptih iqukethe amaflethi ayi-12 oki ngezithombe. Kukholakala ukuthi uJan wasebenza kuye nomfowabo womfowabo.
Umsebenzi wethulwa emphakathini ngo-1432. Kuchaza usuku lokumemezela, okwafika uGabriel eNcasakazi uMariya. Ibonisa futhi uJohn Evangelist noJohane uMbhapathizi. Ingaphakathi le-altare lingukukhulekelwa kwewundlu ", indawo edlalwa ngokuhamba ngomsebenzi ngemininingwane ye-van eyke yadalwa ngokunemba okumangalisayo. Imidwebo engomakhelwane ifanekisela u-Adamu no-Eva, izingelosi noBaba uBaba.
Umdwebi wanaka ngokukhethekile izihloko zenkolo futhi evame ukuvezwa iMadonna. Umsebenzi wokuqala walesi siqondiso sasi "Madonna nengane, noma iMadonna ngaphansi kombhede", wabhalwa ngo-1433. Ngemuva konyaka, uVan Eyk wadala "Madonna Canonika van der Pale" futhi ngo-1436 wembula umphakathi "Madonna Chancellor Rollane", obhekwa njengenye yezidalwa ezishiwo kakhulu zomlobi. Ngo-1439, "amaFontana kaMadonna" aphuma ngaphansi kwebhulashi lakhe.
Njengoba amaHiritage van Eyk ashiye imidwebo eminingi eyenziwe ngokuthola ukubonwa okuveziwe kanye nokunemba okucacile. Indlela yakhe engenakuqhathaniswa yaqala ukuqagela ukuthi umdwebi asebenzisa amadivaysi abonakalayo, avumela ukuhambisa ngokunembile ubuciko bokubonakala komuntu ngamunye oboniswe.
Ungaqiniseka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi ujwayelene nemisebenzi yakhe: "Imidwebo yendoda ebomvu", "kuveza umfazi uMargaret van Eyk", "Chet Arnolphin". Okokugcina, uGiovanni Arnolfini noMlobokazi waKhe - isithombe, hhayi abaphansi e-altare elimnene.
Ubungako bomsebenzi weWang Eyka ukuthi waqala ukuveza amaqhawe ebhande, hhayi esifubeni, njengoba kuthathwe ngaphambili, futhi aphenduke ngo-3/4. Umculi wagxila kumuntu ngamunye oqediwe.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Abanye abacwaningi bathi uWang EYKE wayengumuntu ovule umdwebo kawoyela. Wayengeyena iphayona, kodwa wathonya kakhulu ukwakheka kwalesi siqondiso sobuciko obubonakalayo. Mhlawumbe, umfanekiso wadala uhlobo olusha lwengxube, ebifaka amazinga okushisa. Izibani zemidwebo yabaculi be-skeptics bachaza lokhu kucatshangwa.
Ngenxa yempilo yokwakheka komsebenzi weWang Eyki ubheka yonke indawo enesibonakaliso esidingekayo se-spin kanye nesici sendlela ebonakalayo. Umbono osetshenziswe encwadini yokusebenza ngokukhanya, wadala umphumela okhethekile wepulasitiki.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UJan van eyk washada. Mayelana nokuphila kwakhe komuntu, kanye nakumvelaphi, owaziwa kancane. Eminyakeni engu-1430, kanye nomkakhe, umculi wathuthela eBruges, lapho athenge khona indlu. Ngo-1434 emndenini, izibulo kwavela, unkulunkulu wawunguMbusi kaFiliphu III. Abaphenyi baqinisekisa ukuthi uVan Eyka wayenezingane eziyi-10.
Ngokuvela komlingani wabacwaningi ababukeli bahlulelwa ngumfanekiso owenziwe nguye. U-Yang wabhala isithombe ngaphambi nje kokuba afe futhi, ngokusobala, wayezokwethula umngane womshado ngosuku lokuzalwa. Owesifazane osesithombeni akafanelekile. UMargaret wayengathandeki, kepha ukubukeka kwakhe kugcina uphawu lobukhosi nokujula.
Kunelumeni lokuthi lo mfanekiso wonkosikazi womculi ngemuva kokushona kwakhe kwadluliselwa yinhlangano yabaculi. Kuze kube yikhulu le-18, inhlangano yamveza ukuthi avakashele umphakathi ngosuku lukaSt. Luke - iholide likazwelonke labaculi. Lesi sithombe sasithathwa njengesampula yekhono.
Ukushona
UJan van Eyk washona ngoJulayi 9, 1441 eBrugge, lapho achitha khona usuku lonke. Imbangela ngqo yokufa komculi ayimboziwe. Ithuna lakhe lalitholakala endaweni yebandla laseSt. Donaciana eduze kwendlu eyababuhlungu.
Ngonyaka ngemuva kokufa, umfowabo kaYana, uLana, uLambere, wabuza i-Duke imvume yokuvuselela umzimba wang eyka futhi uthole imvume. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umvikeli wadela okuqukethwe kwempilo yonke komfelokazi womculi.
Imidwebo
- 1432 - "I-altare elimnene"
- 1433 - "Imidwebo yendoda ebomvu"
- 1433 - "Madonna nengane" "
- 1434 - "Imidwebo ka-Arnolphin 4"
- 1435 - "Amadoda aphezulu nge-carnation"
- 1436 - "" Madonna Chancellor Rollane "
- 1437 - "Holy Varvara"
- 1438 - "ISonto LikaKristu"
- 1439 - "Imidwebo kaMargaret van EYK"
- 1440 - "Izithombe zikaKristu"