I-Biograge
Isithombe esikhanyayo nesihle kugalari yama-decobrists - uMaria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya. NjengoPrincessTetkaya, wabonakala eyisibonelo sokuzinikela okungenamkhawulo kanye nomqondo wesibopho, eshiye iSiberia ukuthola umyeni wezethenjwa, iPrince Sergei Volkonsky ngemuva kwemicimbi kaDisemba yango-1825. Ushiye uphawu emlandweni nasezincwadini, waba ngumbhali we- "Amanothi kaMaria Volkonskaya", owaphefumulela imbongi uNikolai Nekrasov ukudala ingxenye yesibili yenkondlo "Abesifazane baseRussia".Ubuntwana nentsha
UPrincess Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya (Nee RaevSkaya) wazalwa, njengoba kukholakala, ngoJulayi 22, 1804 edolobhaneni laseKamenka Chigirinsky County of Kiev Isifundazwe saseKamenka Chigirinsky County of Kiev. Kepha kuneminye imininingwane ngosuku lokuzalwa kwakhe - Januwari 6, 1806.
I-biography yenkosazana imakwe nge-pedigree ecebile futhi enhle. Ubaba Nikolai Nikolayevich RAEVSKY - I-Russian Ronvion, General, War Hero 1812. Unina kaSophia Alekseevna Konstantinova - umzukulu wososayensi omkhulu waseRussia uMikhail Lomonosov. Lo mbhangqwana womndeni wazalwa ezingane ezi-7 - 2 amadodana namadodakazi amahlanu. Abaningi babo babona ukukhanya emikhankasweni yezempi engapheli yenhloko yomndeni, lapho ephelezelwa ngumlingani othembekile.
Kusukela ohlangothini lukababa, izingane zizuze imvelaphi yasePoland (RAEVSKY - umjaho omdala omuhle, owayesebenza njengamakhosi aseRussia ekhulwini le-XV), futhi kusukela kumama kamama - izimpande zamaGreek (umkhulu u-Alexey Konstantinov, okomuntu siqu wezincwadi Catherine II , kwakuyisiGridi ngobuzwe).
Igazi lamaGrikhi lalibonakaliswa kakhudlwana ngokubonakala kukaMariya, indodakazi ye-Reevsky. Mnyama futhi ubumnyama-izinwele, ngesikhumba esimnyama esithambile, wayengubaba amthandayo. Imvelo yamnika izwi elihle kakhulu, futhi okuvamile kwabhala uthisha e-Italy ukuze ahlale izwi lendodakazi yakhe. UMasha uthole imfundo yasekhaya, ephethwe kahle ngesiFulentshi nesiNgisi, ukufundwa okuhlosile, wayenesifiso somlando nezincwadi.
Umkhathi endlini kaRaevsky, naphezu kwesakhiwo esiqinile sezinzalamizi, sasifudumele kakhulu futhi sinobungane. Odade babuka abafowethu abaphezulu nobaba. Kusihlwa ngemuva kwesidlo sakusihlwa, babeyi-musitis egumbini lokuhlala. Futhi ukubuya kumabhola anomsindo, kukhiyiwe ekuvulekeni kwakhe, kubhalwe kudayali lwabo lentombazane lapho kukhanya amakhandlela.
Ehlobo likaNikolai Nikolayevich RievSky njalo kwathunyelwa kuwo wonke umndeni eCrimea naseCaucasus. Kwathi lapho behambisana no-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, owaba abangane noNikolai Nikolayevich ngesikhathi sesixhumanisi esiseningizimu. Kakade ngineminyaka engu-16 ubudala, uMaria Nikolaevna waba mnandi, futhi izindaba ngobuhle bakhe basakazeka emphakathini waseSt. Petersburg.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngokokuqala ngqa, inhliziyo yobuhle yathutha lapho ibamba umbono omuhle wembongi encane yothando. Ukuhamba noRaevski eCaucasus ngo-1820, uPushkin waba nesithakazelo entombazaneni eneminyaka engu-15 futhi akazange afihle imizwa yakhe yothando. Kubhekwa ukuthi uMary RaevSkaya uzinikezele ezinkondlweni zakhe ze-lyrical ezibhalwe esivumelwaneni eseningizimu (phakathi kwazo kamuva "Ungahlabeleli, umuhle, nami," "emagqumeni aseGeorgia). Kodwa-ke, le nguqulo isho abanye abacwaningi bobuciko kanye ne-biography yembongi.
Nokho, isithombe sePrincess Volkonsky ngeke siphinde sivuke njengembono yenkondlo yembongi yenkondlo. Uzolandela isiphetho sakhe futhi, evuma isenzo sakhe somkakhe sodumo, azonikela ngemigqa emisha kowesifazane osemusha.
"Njengembongi, wacabangisisa ngomsebenzi wakhe wokuthandana nabo bonke abesifazane abahle namantombazane amancane ahlangana naye. Ngamafuphi, wabanika iminyuziyamu yakhe kuphela, "ama-entcon azobhala kamuva ezimelweni zakhe.Enye iZadychal Maria Nikolaevna yaba yiBala uGustav Oolizar, imbongi yasePoland, ososayensi, eyayikade engumholi weSifundazwe saseKief. Enchanted ngokujabulisa izikhulu ezincane, igrafu yaba yisimenywa esivame kakhulu eKiev RiaevSky kwathi ngo-1823 yethule intombazane. Kodwa-ke, wavuma ukwenqaba kuyise. U-Olizar wasizwa kakhulu empilweni yakhe, futhi isithombe sesithandwa sakhe sageza isikhathi eside emsebenzini wakhe.
Ngemuva konyaka, ubaba uMariya waphinda wathola umnikelo womshado. Lesi sikhathi, iPrince Sergey Grigorieving Volkonsky, ummeleli wegama lokugcina eliphawulekile nohlobo lwakudala lwezinhlobo zakudala. USIMALONI wavakashela indlu kaRaevsky nokuthi i-enganted yalalelwa kanjani ukucula okuhle kukaMariya, imncoma ngama-curls amnyama.
Wayeneminyaka engama-20 ubudala iminyaka engama-20 futhi eneminyaka engama-37 esevele esetshenzelwa esimweni esijwayelekile, amaqhawe azibonakalisa ezimpini zempi yango-1812. Kulokhu kwenziwa isiphakamiso, kwathi ngoJanuwari 11, 1825, kwadlalwa umshado eKiev. Kukholakala ukuthi uMaria RAEVSKY ushadile ngesifiso sakhe, kodwa lapho egcizelela uYise, owafika ngesikhathi sesimo sezinto ezibonakalayo esisemanzini wayefuna isiphetho esihle sendodakazi yakhe ethandekayo.
I-Honeymoon yabanjwa eGurzuf, khona-ke uchungechunge olungapheli lokwahlukana lwaqala: IVolkonsky ishiyele izimfundiso, uMaria, isivele ikhulelwe, yaya e-Odessa ukuphefumula umoya wolwandle. Ngo-December 1825, iVolkonsky yanikela efeni labo e-Uman, yathatha umkakhe yayiyisa endlini kayise eKiev, wahamba masinyane.
Isifiso sombuso wenzeke ngoDisemba 14, 1825 esigcawini seSen. "UMaria wayengazi lutho. Akazange abekezelele ukukhulelwa kwakhe. NgoJanuwari 2, 1826, indodana kaNicholas yazala futhi yachitha embhedeni wesibhedlela isikhathi eside.
Ufunde ngokuboshwa komyeni wakhe eduze kwentwasahlobo futhi wathumela ngokushesha incwadi eya ePetropavlovsk inhloso yokuhlukanisa isiphetho sakhe, noma ngabe ijele lisongela. UVolkonsky uphendule lokho
"Akafuni ngisho nokuthemba ukuthi kuzophuma injabulo enjalo."Katorga eSiberia
Isigwebo se-Desemprobrist senziwa ngoJulayi 12, 1826, ngokusho kwakhe, iNkosana yaseVolkonsky yatholwa enecala iminyaka engama-20 yama-cortics aseSiberia. Lapho esefundile ngakho, uMaria wakhuluma ngokwengxenye ngokukhululeka. Yize kunjalo, zonke lezi zinyanga kwakumelwe zikhuthazelele ukuxabana kwakhe nomndeni wakhe - ubaba, umlwane nabadala u-Alexander, owayefuna ukushisa umfazi emshadweni eyihlazo, egcizelela ekwehlukanisweni.
Abesifazane abafihlakele ezindabeni zenkosazana, bavumelane nezincwadi, benqabela umyeni wakhe nezihlobo zakhe. Kepha uMaria, waphikelela wasinda kuzo zonke izithiyo, ubhala uMbusi othile eNikolai I, isicelo semvume yokulandela iSergey futhi athole impendulo enhle. Ukushiya i-kohl eneminyaka eyodwa ubudala ekunakekelweni komkhwekazi, uMaria Volkonskaya uya eSiberia. UBaba ophelelwe yithemba wathembisa ukuthuka indodakazi yakhe ayithandayo, uma engeke abuyele unyaka kamuva.
Owesifazane weza ekwabo okubonga, lapho kwasebenza khona izidumbu, ngoFebhuwari 11, 1827. Ukuhlangana nomyeni wakhe bekulindelwe isikhathi eside futhi kunzima ngasikhathi sinye. UMaria wabona uSergey Grigorievivich, eboshwe emijondolo, futhi emfundwini yemizwa waqabulana nemijondolo, bese eyakhe. Inkosana ngaleso sikhathi yawa ngokuphelele emoyeni futhi yagula kakhulu. Ukufika komkakhe kwathuthukisa inhlala-kahle yakhe.
IVolkonskaya yahlala endlini efanayo nomfazi womunye umdubuli uCatherine Trubetskoy. Kwaphela izinsuku zesonto, abesifazane bahola ipulazi, bafunda ukusindisa kukho konke. UMaria Nikolaevna wathatha isibopho sokubhalela abomdabu ngezincwadi zabomdabu.
Ekupheleni konyaka, zombili izikhulu zathuthela ekukhohliseni. Esikhathini esisha sendawo ngokushesha sadlulisela abayeni babo. EChita, uMaria Nikoleyevna ulindele ukukhala okuningana kwesiphetho ngasikhathi sinye. Ekuqaleni, ngoMashi 1828, izindaba ezimbi zaqhamuka eSt. Petersburg - Umama-wami wambikela ngokufa kwamadolo akhe. I-maria echotshoziwe uMaria ukuze angahlanyisi, icela inkosi ukuthi imvumele ukuthi aphile ngesibi esibi eduze komyeni wakhe futhi athole imvume.
Ngo-1829, isiteleka esisha - ukufa kukababa. Impilo yakhe yanyakaziswa ngokuqinile ngenxa yezenzakalo ezihlobene noMaria, kodwa ngaphambi kokufa ayithethelele indodakazi yakhe. Nokufa, ukubheka isithombe sentandokazi yakhe, wavuma ukuthi "uMaria ungowesifazane omangalisa kakhulu ayalazi." Umama, onomlingiswa onzima, akazange athethelele indodakazi yakhe, kanye nabafowethu nodadewabo omncane uSophia. I-WantKaya yabhala kuphela odadewethu abadala uCatherine no-Elena.
NgoJulayi 10, 1830, uMaria wabeletha indodakazi uSophia, owafa ngalo lolo suku. Ngombuso ongagcwalisekanga, lona wesifazane uphume ngenxa yokuhamba okusha - esitshalweni sePetrovsky. Lapha, abakwa-DepemMbrist bavunyelwe ukuba baphile ngokuhlala kwamahhala kanye namakhosikazi abo ezindlini zokhuni. Lapho-ke izibulo likaVolkonsky Mikhail (1832) zazalwa, nendodakazi kaNelli (1834).
Ngo-1835, uSergei Grigorievivich wakhululwa emsebenzini wekhalenda esifundazweni sezempilo, futhi oshade naye wathola ukuthutha kwabo edolobhaneni lase-Urik ukuhlala eduze kukaDkt Wolf, ozosebenzisa kaningi. Abalingani bakha indlu yasehlobo "Kamachnik" e-UST-Kudow, lapho bathathe izivakashi ezingavamile.
E-Urika, abakwa-Decembrists A. Sodahio, uM. Lunin waphila. Bobabili babengabangane abakhulu bomndeni weVolkonsky futhi kuthiwa baye bazwa imizwa ngoMariya. Futhi uma owokuqala ethandana nenkosazana ngokuzikhandla, khona-ke phakathi kwale ndlela neVolkonskaya, ngokwezinye izazi-mlando, kwakukhona ubuhlobo bothando. Kodwa-ke, ama-Biographan kaMaria Nikolaevna ayaphika leli qiniso.
Njengoba sesihlale eminyakeni engu-8, uMaria Volkonskaya ngo-1845 uthole imvume yokuthuthela e-Irkutsk. Lapha wachaza izingane e-Gymnasium futhi wajoyina impilo yezwe, waqala ukuhambela amancane, futhi maduze nje wavula salon yakhe, kanye nenkosazana ye-trubetska.
Lapho nje izintombi ezisondelene futhi ezithembekile manje sezisezingcupheni futhi zisuswa. Ekugcineni, abesifazane bakhuphuka, ngaphandle kokwabelana ekhishini, bobabili balala.
Ngalesi sikhathi, impilo kaMaria Nikolaevna iyabiba. Cishe akuveli endlini ngenxa yokuhlaselwa okwenzeka kuyo kumakhaza. Shesha ukunquma isiphetho sezingane nango-1850 ushade nendodakazi ka-Elena (Nelly) ye-Dmitry Molchanova, naphezu kwedumela lakhe elibi emphakathini.
Ngo-1855, u-Alexander II ubuyela esihlalweni sobukhosi saseRussia. U-Amnesty usondele ngo-1856, lapho abakwa-Depembrists abakhululiwe beshiya iSiberia. Inkosazana uMaria ishiya isikhashana ngenxa yempilo ebuthakathaka futhi ihlale eMoscow endodakazini yakhe, futhi iVolkonsky ifika lapho.
Ukushona
Eminyakeni yamuva, owesifazane wahamba kakhulu. Indodakazi ikhishwe ngamabili, yangumfelokazi ngonyaka we-1857, ngoba i-Coplomat Nicholas Kochibey. Washada nendodana yakhe ePrincess Elizabeth Volkonskaya, umshado wenzeka eGeneva. Uvakashele eRoma ethuneni likaMama nodadewethu u-Elena.
UMaria Nikolaevaevna wagijima ngokuphelele ngemuva kokushona komzukulu ka-Alexander futhi washona ngo-1861, efeni lomkhwenyana osezithombeni (esifundazweni saseCherniHiv). USergey Volkonsky wake wafika kulesi sikhathi phesheya, washona, ephukile ngenxa yokukhubazeka, ngo-1865.