I-Biograge
Omunye wabameleli be-Great Noble Count Count Nikolai Ilishich Tolstoy - uYise wombhali ovelele waseRussia ibhubesi uNikolayevich Tolstoy Tolstoy Tolstoy. Umbhalo womzali wakhuphuka emisebenzini enjalo yemisebenzi yakhe ngokuthi "impi nokuthula" (i-rostov), "ubuntwana", "Defence" (uBaba Nichola). Ebusheni bakhe, wenza umsebenzi wezempi ophumelelayo, ngemuva kokushada noMariya, i-Theisis kanye noMfazi odumile woMfazi odumile uMaria Volkonsky, owathola ifa "elisemuva", elivela manje lingowoluhlobo lweToltoy .Ubuntwana nentsha
UNikolai Ilenich Tolstoy wazalwa ngoJuni 26, 1794. Indawo yokuzalwa kwegrafu ayaziwa. Mhlawumbe wazalelwa efeni likaNikolsky-vyazemmsky, owayengumama Princess Princess wakhe uPelagakova.
Ubaba Bala u-Ilya Andreevich Tolstoy Service of Syrm esigabeni saseBrigadier ngemuva komshado efeni elicebile, kodwa ashushumbise bonke uMbuso, wazuza indawo yombusi eKazan. Kulesi sikhundla, wasolwa ngokuqubuka kwezimali zomphakathi futhi washona ngemuva nje kokususwa kwakhe, ashiye izikweletu eziningi. Kulo mshado, kwazalwa izingane ezi-4 - izibulo likaNicholya, khona-ke u-Alexander, eLya noPelagia.
Ngemuva kokushona kuka-Ilya (eneminyaka engu-7), uNikolai waba ngukuphela kwendodana yegrafu, futhi uYise weza emsebenzini wakhe wesikhathi esizayo. UTolstoy wakhomba indodana eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala eSebenzayo Civil esimweni sakwa-Registrar wesiFundazwe ekuhambeni kwesakhiwo seKremlin. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10, le nsizwa yasebenza njengombhalisi wasekolishi, yabe isithuthela esimweni soNobhala Wezifundazwe.
UNikolai Ilishich wakhula emndenini, yize enokwakhiwa kwezinzazinzazinzanzana, kodwa ezimweni zokukhululeka kakhulu. Izingane ezisendlini zazithandwa futhi azizange zigcine zilukhuni. Abazali baphila isikhathi eside ePolayini, bese kuba eNikolsky-Vyazemmsky, lapho kwahlelwa khona imikhosi nemibukiso ngomyalo kaYise.
Lapho uNillich eneminyaka engu-15, udadewabo kanina wamnika egcekeni lakhe u-Avanasii Petrov - iqiniso elikhuluma ngokuphakamisa iSerfday of Serfdom.
Umsebenzi kanye nezempi
Impi yokuthanda izwe yango-1812 yagqugquzela le nsizwa ukuba isuke emisebenzini yezempi eyayisempini, naphezu kokumelana nezihlobo. NgoJuni 11, 1812, uNikolai wabizwa nge-cornet kwi-cossaiment yesi-3 yase-Ukraine.
Ngehlobo elifanayo, wahumusha eMbusweni weMoscow Gusar futhi kungekudala, ngemuva kwezinguquko eziningi zokugcina, waqala ukuyokhonza eShelf yase-Irkutsk. Impi yayishaqeka kakhulu ngensizwa engenangqondo eyayindiza iphuma esidlekeni sayo somdabu okokuqala ngqa.
"Ngabona yonke le mpi embi; Ngabona izindawo, zivela kwabayishumi ezidumbulweni, "wabhala ezihlotsheni zakhe zezindaba.Igrafu Tolstoy ibambe iqhaza ezimpini ezibalulekile zempi yango-1812, futhi yahlukanisa nezimpi zokukhululwa kwezinye izindawo ezibanjelwe uhlaka lokushushiswa kanye nokubhujiswa kwebutho le-napoleonic. Unikezwe umyalo kaLieutenant kanye ne-oda leSt Vladimir IV degree degree enomnsalo womehluko ezimpini ngaphansi kwe-dresden nalapho ewela i-Elbe. Ngesibindi esibonisiwe ngaphansi kwempi ejwayelekile eduze kwaseLeipzig kwanikezwa isikhundla se-China-Rothmistra.
Ngo-Okthoba 1813, lapho siletha e-General Deveth eSt Ukubuyela eRussia ngo-Agasti 8, 1814, uTolstoy uyaqhubeka nenkonzo yezempi. Igrafu esencane yadluliselwa eThelimende Lamahhashi futhi yamisa umjovo wangempela ukuba afeutelant-General Prince Andrei Ivanovich Gorchakov, umfowabo wesibili kanina.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu yenkonzo, ngo-1817 uNillich wafaka isicelo se-Emperator Alepexander I On On. Izazi-mlando zichaza lesi sixazululo ekuwohlokeni kwesimo sezinto ezibonakalayo salesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, lapha le nsizwa yasebenza isikhashana, isulile esikhundleni ngo-1819 esigabeni se-Lieutenant Colonel.
Kubaba ka-1820 kaNikolai Ilishich wafa. Umama nodade bahlala ekunakekelweni kwendoda. Wabathutha eKazan eMoscow futhi amboze izikweletu zikaYise, waphoqeleka ukuba angenele inkonzo njengomfundisi osizayo egatsheni lentandane lezempi le-Moscow Communt Office. Kepha-ke, umshado omuhle kuphela ongase ulunge ngokushesha futhi ulunge kahle.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1822, ukubala kufakwe ummeleli wohlobo olukhazimulayo lweVolkonsky Princess Maria Nikolaevna, owamukela isiphakamiso seColonel eyingqayizivele. Umakoti wayemdala ngeminyaka emi-4 kunomkhwenyana wakhe futhi ephansi kakhulu kuye ngenkazimulo yangaphandle.
Bala uNillich u-Nizich wayeyinsizwa egqamile ene-biography ecebile: iqhawe lempi, i-Merry neTangear, ezindlini eziningi ezihle.
"Ubaba wayenentamo ebomvu" ye-sangu ebomvu "," izwi elisheshayo, elinamandla, elimnene "," amehlo amahle, anezinhle "," ukunyakaza okuhle, "ngakho-ke kuchaza isithombe sikababa uLev Nikoleyevich.UMaria Nikolaevna wayenezici ezinkulu zomuntu ozuze izingane zakhe. IVolkonskaya yayinemfundo enhle kakhulu, ukunambitheka kobuciko kanye nethalente lethalente, yazi izilimi eziningana. Kepha into esemqoka - Inkosazana eyayinesimo esihle, phakathi kwayo i-dowry yakhe kwakuyifa elidumile "Sula Polyana" eduze kweTula.
Kukhona abasanda kushada abasele ngokushesha ngemuva komshado, owenzeka ngoJulayi 9, 1822. Ngo-1823, lo mbhangqwana wawuka-Nikolai okokuqala. Ngemuva kwalokho kwavela amadodana amathathu - uSergey (1826), Dmitry (1827), ibhubesi (1828). Ukuphela kwendodakazi kaTolstoy Maria yazalwa ngo-1830.
Masinyane nje emva kokuzalwa kwendodana yokuqala, uNikolai Ilyich wakha indlu enkulu ye-manor. Wenza okuningi ngezinto, ezithandwa ukuzingela. Umnotho ubusondelene naye: Igrafu yaphula ingadi enkulu, yaholela esifundeni se-manor. Ukuba yisithandwa sokufunda ngokwakhe, uNikolai Ilsich wabutha umtapo wezincwadi omkhulu kulowo alethwe enhlokodolobha futhi avela ezincwadini zaphesheya.
Ngo-1830, ngaphandle kokuthola kabusha uMasha, unkosikazi kaTolstoy uyafa. U-OvDov, ukubala kwenza isiphakamiso sibe udadewabo wesibili uTatiana Yergolskaya, lapho abesathanda khona ubusha bakhe. UTatiana wayeyintandane futhi wakhulela endlini kababa uNillich. Impilo yayo yomuntu siqu ayizange isebenze, futhi yahlala iyintombi yakudala.
U-ErgolSkaya Coute wenqabile, kepha wathembisa ukunakekela izingane zakhe ezishiywe ngaphandle kukamama. Futhi ngemuva kokufa kobukhulu, izingane zazivele zibhandele ngokuphelele futhi zakhuliswa.
Ukushona
Ekupheleni kwempilo yokubala, uNikolay Tolstoy wakwazi ukulungisa izindaba zezezimali. Wajwayela izikweletu zikayise futhi waqinisa umbuso wakhe, ethengisa okuthile efeni lomkakhe futhi ethole eyakhe. Ukubala kwadlula kungazelelwe, ukuba emahhovisi omgwaqo - wathola ukushaya ngenxa yokucindezela okugxumekile. Kwenzeka eTula ngoJuni 21, 1837.