I-Biograge
UCharles Babbab - I-British Matematic, Isazi sefilosofi, umsunguli nonjiniyela, umqali womqondo wekhompyutha ehlelekile yedijithali. Ngenxa yolwazi oluguquguqukayo kanye nomsebenzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yesayensi, ubuncane buphakathi kwama-polymatists avelele kakhulu wekhulu le-XIX.
UCharles Babbage wazalwa ngoDisemba 26, 1791 eLondon, emndenini kaBenjamin Babbidja no-Elizabeth (Betsy) Flame. Emndenini, ngaphezu komfana, kwase kunezingane ezintathu. Ngo-1808, uBabiji wathuthela empumalanga yeTingmouth.
Ubaba wososayensi wesikhathi esizayo wanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lapho indodana ineminyaka eyi-8, imthumela esikoleni esizimele e-Alfington. Umpristi owayeganwe emfundweni yomfana, akunconywa ukuthi alayisha ingane: ebuntwaneni, uCharles evame ukugula, futhi abazali bakhetha emaphandleni ukuze basize indodana yayo ukuba ibhekane nemiphumela yomkhuhlane omkhulu.
Kamuva, uCharles waya e-Gymnasium eTottenes eSouth Devon isikhashana, kodwa impilo ebuthaka maduze wamphoqa ukuthi abuyele ekufundweni kothisha abazimele. Ngemuva kokuthola imfundo yesikole, ingane yangena e-Academy e-Enfield. Kulesi sikhungo semfundo bekukhona umtapo omkhulu obanzi, ngiyabonga lapho le nsizwa yaba nentshisekelo kwi-mathematics. Kamuva, uCharles waphinde wafundwa othisha abazimele ukuzuza ulwazi olwenele ukufaka iCambridge.
Ngo-1810, umningi waba umfundi kathathu ekolishi uZiqu-zintathu, kodwa ngokushesha ikharikhulamu edumele le nsizwa - wayenolwazi olukhulu kunothisha. Ngokubambisana nabangane ngonyaka we-1812, uCharles wasungula umphakathi wokuhlaziya, wabe esedlulisela kwelinye iKambridge College, ePeterhouse, lapho aqeda ngalo ngo-1814, ngaphandle kwezivivinyo ethola iziqu zeBachelor.
Izibalo kanye Nokusungulwa
Ngenxa yedumela lomunye wabafundi abahle kakhulu, uCharles wathola impumelelo ngokushesha emkhakheni wesayensi. Kakade ngo-1815, wafundza eRoyal Institute, kwathi ngo-1816 waba yilungu leRoyal Society. Nokho, nge-QRINY, noma kunjalo, ayizange ilingane, futhi, isho izikhundla zokufundisa, yathola kaningi yenqaba. Ngakho-ke, kwaze kwaba ngu-1827, indoda ethile yayincike ngokwezezimali kuYise futhi yathola imali ngokwakhe kuphela ngemuva kokushona kwakhe.
UCharles Babbage wayengusosayensi ofake isandla kwisayensi eminingi enembile, kusukela ngezinkanyezi emnothweni. Kepha ifa elidume kakhulu lalo kwakuyimisebenzi ekwakhiweni kwama-computing chatathaseses, okulindele amakhompyutha namakhompyutha anamuhla.
Iphrojekthi yokuqala enjalo e-Movie Biography yayingumshini omkhulu womehluko. Umqondo wendalo yawo uvele eCharles ngo-1822. I-applatus emcabangweni kwakuwukusiza abantu ekubaleni okudingekayo ukuze kugcizelelwa izinkanyezi nokuzulazula, ngaleso sikhathi okuhlale isikhathi esiningi futhi kwahlangana nengozi yamaphutha amukelwe ngumuntu.
Ngo-1823, usosayensi osemusha wabelwa ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezenziwayo, ngoba umphakathi wasebukhosini, futhi umdlandla wezinkanyezi ngomdlandla wabona umbono weBabbja. Kodwa-ke, uCharles wehlulekile ukubala kahle isikhathi noma izindlela. Iminyaka emithathu ehleliwe kanye nokutholwa okungu- £ 1,500 ngokwezigaba akwanele.
Ngo-1827, ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwavuka izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-2, futhi imali enkulu kaBabija kwadingeka ukuthi ibeke ephaketheni lazo. Umsebenzi okwesikhashana uhambe, ngemuva kosizi lomuntu siqu, uCharles akakwazanga ukuqhubeka nocwaningo lwesayensi, futhi ososayensi bakwazile ukubuyela emshinini womehluko kuphela ngo-1828. Imali ngaleso sikhathi yayiphelile, futhi ukuthola imali eyengeziwe evela eSigabeni Sebandla ngo-1830 kuphela.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4, umsebenzi waphinde wasukuma, naphezu kwamanani amakhulu asetshenzisiwe ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo. £ 17,000. Ukwabelwe ukwakhiwa komshini womehluko, uMbuso, elinye i- £ 6-7 izinkulungwane. Watshala usosayensi uqobo. Kuze kube ngu-1842, iziphathimandla zinquma ukuthi zizokwazi ukutshala imali kuphrojekthi, futhi ngenxa yalokho zenqabile. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kukaCharles, idivaysi ayikaze i-dodel. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1840s, le ndoda yabuyela emcabangweni womshini womehluko futhi yakhulelwa ukudala inguqulo ethuthukisiwe, kepha lo mzamo awuzange umqhele ngempumelelo.
Umsebenzi onzima futhi ongaphenduli nomshini womehluko awuzange uyeke ukundiza kwemicabango kaCharles, kwathi ngo-1833 kwafika umbono omusha ekhanda lakhe - ukudala umshini wokuhlaziya, idivaysi engahlelwa. Ngokungafani nomshini womehluko, angaxazulula imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngo-1834, umningi waqala ukudala umshini wokuhlaziya, owandulelayo wamakhompiyutha wedijithali aletha inkazimulo kuye, uma esefile ngemuva kokufa. Idizayini yedivayisi yasho ukuba khona kwenkumbulo (i-warehouse), ama-mill (ama-analog), ukulawula nedivayisi yokufaka nedatha yokuphuma. Futhi ekwakhiweni kwakukhona enye into elawulawulwa ukulandelana kwemisebenzi, ukuxhumana ne "warehouse" futhi ufunde imininingwane kusuka ku-punched.
Ngaphezulu kwephrojekthi, uCharles wasebenza ngokuzimela, futhi ukuphela komuntu owabona amandla aphelele omqondo kwakungu-Hell Lovelace, owesifazane namuhla obhekwa njengohlelo lokuqala. Imisebenzi yayo, ngokususelwa kuphrojekthi yomshini wokuhlaziya, kubhekwa njengomsebenzi wokuqala emkhakheni wesayensi yekhompyutha.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imibuthano yezesayensi ikhombisa ukuthakazela emshinini wokuhlaziya i-computical, it, kanye nomshini womehluko, awuzange uqedwe. Ngo-1851, usosayensi wabhala ukuthi amathuba akhe, ngokwezimali, akwanele ukuqeda umsebenzi.
Umsebenzi kaCharles ngemuva kokushona kososayensi waqhubeka nendodana yakhe uHenry. Ngo-1888, wakwazi ukudala umhlangano omkhulu womshini wokuhlaziya, kwathi ngo-1906, ngosizo lwenkampani yeMonro, i-Babbird Junior yenziwa imodeli egcwele futhi esebenza kahle.
UCharles usebenza endaweni yomshini womehluko futhi waba nokuqhubeka: kwimidwebo yawo, kukhishwe amadivaysi ambalwa ngonyaka we-1854 eSweden. Ngemuva kwalokho uMartin Vieberg wethula kwimodeli yokuthuthukisa, ngemuva kwalokho wasebenzisa umshini wokubala emkhakheni wamatafula we-logarithmic.
Ngokwengxenye isizathu sokwehluleka kwakuwumdlandla owengeziwe oguquguqukayo weBabbej. Ukhokhele isikhathi esiningi kwamanye amasimu esayensi, futhi ephumelele. Intshisekelo embikweni wesitimela iholele eqinisweni lokuthi uCharles wasungula i-Speedometer futhi waba ngomunye wabadali beTachometer. Kukhona okuthile ukubonga usosayensi kanye ne-metalworkworkIng: imishini emisha eyenzelwe uBabbeck, kanye nendlela yokwenza amasondo egiya.
Umsebenzi obalulekile wesosayensi waba ngumsebenzi womnotho wobuchwepheshe nokukhiqizwa. Isihloko esikhulisiwe encwadini namuhla sibizwa ngokuthi "ukusebenza kocwaningo". Ngemuva kokushicilelwa, umsebenzi wathengiswa ngokuphelele futhi ngo-1836 kwase kusesekukopela okungu-4. Kamuva, uJohn Mill waphefumulelwa uCharles emnothweni, futhi ukwethembeka kwendlela yokusondela kweBabjja kuya ekuhlukanisweni komsebenzi kwaqashelwa yiCarl Marx.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
NgoJulayi 25, 1814, eTingmouth Church yaseSt. Michael Charles Bamboni kuhlanganiswe nomshado noGeorgian Whitmore. Kuqala, lo mbhangqwana wawuhlala eShropshire, kwathi ngo-1815 wathuthela eDevonshire Street eya eLondon.
Emshadweni uCharles naseGeorgia, izingane eziyi-8 zazalwa, kodwa kwabane kuphela uBenjamini, uGeorgiana, uDughad noHenry basinda. Isikhathi esinzima kunazo zonke empilweni yomuntu kaCharles sasingu-1827, khona-ke uBaba, unkosikazi kanye namadodana amabili ososayensi bafa.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Okwe-Merit, uBabija wanikezwa izihloko ze-baron nama-knightly, kodwa ngenxa yemibono yabo yezepolitiki wawenqaba futhi waqhamuka kolunye.
Ukushona
UCharles Babbab wafa ngo-Okthoba 18, 1871 eminyakeni engama-79. Imbangela yokufa kwakuwukwehluleka kwe-renal okubangelwa ukutheleleka kohlelo lomchamo. Usosayensi ungcwatshwe eLondon Cenlal Green Green Cemetery (yindawo yokugeza).
Impumelelo yesayensi kanye nokusungulwa kweBabbja emkhakheni wemishini yekhompyutha kwaqashelwa kuphela ngemuva kokushona kukaCharles. Ngo-2011, abacwaningi baseBrithani baqala iphrojekthi eyizigidi ezingama-28 ", eklanyelwe ukudala umshini wokuhlaziya waseBabbja. Idivayisi kufanele ibe nama-Imemori angama-675 bese usebenza ngokuvama kwe-7 HZ. Kuhlelwe ukuqeda umsebenzi wabathandi ngo-2021, isikhathi sokwakhiwa kwemoto kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka engu-150 ukushona kukaCharles Babbja.
Ngenxa yokuxhumeka kososayensi nge-Tottems ngonyaka we-2007, isithombe sakhe sabonakala embhalweni we-banknote nehlelo lama-lotton ama-5, imali yesifunda.