I-Biograge
I-American Ficction William Gibson ibonakala ngokuzalwa kohlobo lwesayensi yesayensi, eyaziwa ngokuthi iCyberpunk. Futhi akumangazi: ngisho nangaphambi kwemiqondo ethi "ubuhlakani bokufakelwa", "i-Cybertal Reality", "i-cyberpace", umlobi usuvele wabashayile enonoveli kaDebut "NeuroMant". Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi selokhu kwadedelwa umsebenzi kudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, kusabhekwa njengokutshalwa.Ubuntwana nentsha
UWilliam Ford Gibson wazalwa ngoMashi 17, 1948 edolobheni elisogwini laseConway, eSouth Carolina. Iningi lesikhathi sokuqala se-biography yombhali lalibanjelwe kuMenzi weVirgille, eVirginia.
Ubaba kaWilliam wasebenza njengomphathi enkampanini enkulu yokwakha, ngakho-ke ama-gibsons ayevame ukuthuthela. Lapho umfana efika emaphandleni ezikole zamabanga aphansi eNorfolk, eVirginia, uBaba washona - wahlupheka ngesikhathi sokudla. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kwesigameko, umndeni ubuye waya ku-WhyVille. UWilliam wanikeza esikoleni samabanga aphansi uGeorge White.
Imvelo yomfana yezemidlalo, futhi eminyakeni eyi-12 "ayifuni lutho ngaphezulu, ngaphandle kokuthi kube ngumlobi wezinganekwane zesayensi." Sonke isikhathi samahhala uGibson asisebenzisa ezincwadini zokufunda zasekamelweni. Ukunambitheka kwalo okubhaliwe kwalethwa ngababhali besizukulwane esincane - amaProsuiki William Burrows kanye noJack Keroc, imbongi u-Allen Ginzberg.
Ukufunda uWilliam ukhohliwe ngezifundo. Enganelisekile ngokusebenza kwakhe, umama wasongela ukuthumela indodana yakhe esikoleni sokonga, asabela ngayo ngentshiseko. Ngenxa yalokho, uGibson wayesesikoleni se-Arizona sabafana baseTucson.
Lapho uWilliam Gibson eneminyaka engu-18, umama wakhe wafa. Waphosa isikole futhi wahamba wayohamba ezungeze iYurophu, wafuna ukuwela ngokweqiniso. Ngo-1967, umlobi wathuthela eCanada ukugwema ukubiza impi eVietnam. Engxoxweni no-2008, wachaza ukuthi ayizange isuswe esikhundleni sebutho, akazange afike a ajenda.
Bonke abanye abangu-1960, le nsizwa echithe eToronto, yabe isihanjiswa emazweni aseYurophu lapho umbuso we-fascist wagcinwa khona. UGibson wayengafuni ukusebenza, ngakho-ke wangena e-University of British Columbia ukuthola umfundaze. Waqeda imfundo ngo-1977.
Kumfundi, uWilliam wahlangana nomlobi uJohn Shirley, owaqinisekisa ithalente elincane ngokungathi sína ukubhala. Ngaleso sikhathi, uGibson usebhale izindaba eziningana ngesitayela sezinganekwane zesayensi. Ngenxa yeShirley, imibhalo yesandla ingene ezandleni zikaBruce Sterling noLewis Shayer, inganekwane edumile yesayensi yaseMelika. Bajabule ngemisebenzi kaGibson.
Izincwadi
Imisebenzi yokuqala yaseGibson, ngokwesibonelo, indaba "Shards of shorographic rose" (1977), ziyizindaba eziphathelene nethonya lama-cybernetics emjahweni wesintu. Izindikimba zithuthukiswe ezindabeni ezithi "Johnny-Mnemonic" (1981) kanye "nokushisa i-Chrome" (1982), kwakha isisekelo senoveli ye-debut "neuromant".
Njengoba ubhala ingxenye yesithathu yenoveli, uGibson wabheka ifilimu "egijima ebalani" (1982), adubule ngohlobo lwe-cyberpunk, futhi wabona ukuthi i-neomomanta ilinde ukwehluleka uma kuqhathaniswa nale rubbon "ebabazekayo". Inganekwane yesayensi ibuye yabhala le ncwadi izikhathi eziyi-12 futhi yaqiniseka ukuthi ngemuva kokuba incwadi yakhe idume 'ihlazekile.' Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yalokho, kusukela ngaphansi komlobi wepeni, kwaphuma i-cyberromeman efanele.
"I-Neuromant" (1984) yanikezwa amaphrimiyamu "angenayo" nelithi "Hugo", umklomelo kaPhilip Dick. Ngo-2005, umagazini wesikhathi wawufaka nomsebenzi ohlwini lwamanoveli angama-100 akhuluma ngesiNgisi abhalwe kusukela ngo-1923.
Isisho sokugcina esithi "Akaze aphinde abone uMolly futhi" akazange anikeze amathemba ngokuqhubeka kwendaba nge-NeuroMona, kepha uGibson waqala ukubhala "noma" Igrafu Zero "(1986). Le misebenzi emibili, kanye ne- "Mona Lisa Orddrive" (1988) yakha "i-cyberpace" trilogy yombhali.
Okwe-trilogy, imishini yomehluko "(1990), ebhalwe ngokubambisana neBruce Sterling. Abalobi bethule ubuchwepheshe bolwazi endaweni enhle yeVictorian England yekhulu le-XIX. Incwadi manje isibhekwa njengommeleli okhanyayo wohlobo lwe-steampunk.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi ngokubhala kwemisebenzi emikhulu, uGibson waqamba izindaba, abanye ngokubambisana nenganekwane yesayensi edumile. Ngakho-ke, "okungokwango" (1981) kwasiza ekukhuphukeni noJohn Shirley, "inkanyezi ebomvu, isinqe sobusika" (1983) - uBruce Stirling, kanye "nokulwa" (1985) - Michael Suenvik.
Uchungechunge lwesibili lwe-Gibson "I-Trilogy yebhuloho" ifaka amanoveli "Ukukhanya okubonakalayo" (1993), "Idor" (1996) kanye "nonke amaqembu kusasa" (1999). Ububi obukhulu Umbhali awuboni ubuhlakani bokufakelwa, kepha kwabezindaba, okunikeza ihlelo lokusaziwayo futhi empeleni lincenge abantu.
Ngemuva kwe- "Bridge Trilogy" uGibson waqala ukulandela isitayela esingokoqobo ukubhala nokulandisa okungaguquki. Ngendlela enjalo, izincwadi ezivela ku- "BigAnd Trilogy" zibhaliwe - "Ukuqashelwa kwezithombe" (2003), "Izwe lezipoki" (2007) kanye ne- "Zero Dossier" (2010). UGibson ngokwakhe uhlanganisa le misebenzi enesihloko esithi "Izincwadi Mayelana Ne-Blue Muraxes."
Ngo-2014, inganekwane yesayensi yakhipha "amadivaysi ahlukahlukene" amaRoma ", le ndaba yenzeka emizini emibili - iminyaka engama-30 emva kwesimanjemanje nasekusasa okude. Ukuqhubeka kwayo, okuvele kwathola igama elithi "ejensi" kumele likhishwe ngo-Ephreli 2, 2019.
UWilliam Gibson akaziwa njengomlobi kuphela, kodwa futhi njengombhali wesikrini. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala ngumbhalo wefilimu emnandi "umfokazi 3" (1992), zimbalwa izinto ezigcinwe kwinguqulo yokugcina.
Phambilini, ukubamba iqhaza kukaGibson embonini yamafilimu kufike ngaphesheya kohlelo lweHollywood Blockbuster. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980s, isikhulu sezinganekwane sabambisana nomqondisi weKazakh uRashid Nugmanov ngaphezulu kwefilimu yaseSoviet-America ". Iqhaza eliphambili kulo kwakuwukubulala umholi weqembu le-movie viktor Tsoi, okwathi ngo-1990 washona engozini yemoto.
Kwakungekho ukubambisana noMqondisi waseJapan we-Isria yami ngo-1991. Ifilimu, phezu kwalolokwakhiwa kwalo madoda aseCorpel okufanele asuswe eKhowress's Fortress, kodwa ngo-1993 wadilizwa. UGibson ungumbhali wezimo ezihlahleni zemisebenzi yayo kaJohnny-mnemonic (1995), indima enkulu lapho kufanele afezeke khona i-keanu ebuya, futhi "i-New Rosa Hotel" (1998), lapho uWillopher Waken adlale khona, uWillem Defo kanye ne-Asia Argento.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amanoveli aphambili eziqanjiwe awafakwanga. Umqondisi waseCanada uVincenzo Natalie wakhuluma kaninginingi engxoxweni ukuthi wayesebenza kwi-cinema ye- "Neomanta". UHeiden Kristensen noLiv Tyler bekufanele ngabe bavele ezindimeni eziholayo, kepha iphrojekthi ayikaze ibonakale. Kusukela ngo-2017, uTim Miller uhlanganyele ezinqumweni. Ubuye abe nelungelo lokudubula amanye amanoveli e-trilogy "cyberpace".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu yenganekwane yesayensi ivalwe ngokwengxenye yethunzi yokungaziwa.
Ekushoneni kwelanga kwawo-1960s, ngesikhathi sokuvelela okuvela empini empini eVietnam, uWilliam Gibson wahlangana noDeborah Jean Jean Jean Jean Jean show. Ngo-1972, waba ngumkakhe. Ngokubambisana bakhuphula ingane yengane emshadweni wokuqala.
Naphezu kwento eqhubekayo, eqinile, uGibson akakaze avele nomkakhe emicimbini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asikho isithombe esisodwa somfazi ocingweni. Akukaziwa nokuthi abashadikazi balethe izingane eziningi.
Manje umndeni uhlala eVancouver. UGibson wathola ukuba yisakhamuzi saseCanada, ngenkathi ehlala isakhamuzi saseMelika.
UWilliam Gibson manje
I-Roman Gibson "ejensi" ingenye yezincwadi ezilindelwe kakhulu zika-2019. Kuthiwa kungasikhathi sinye isiqalo, kanye nokulandelana kwamalungiselelo "angenayo amadivayisi".
Imicimbi ye-ejensi izovela kunguqulo yangempela, lapho ukunqoba kokhetho lukamongameli wase-US ngo-2016 uWon Hillary Clinton, hhayi uDonald Trump. Ngamanye amagama, uGibson kufanele abuyele esikhathini esedlule ukwethula enye indlela yekusasa laseMelika.
Naphezu kokuguga, i-Fiction Fiction yesayensi inethemba lokuguqula "amadivaysi ahlukahlukene" kanye "ne-ejensi" eTrilogy elandelayo. Akukho lwazi lokuthi inoveli yesithathu elizonikelwa kulo.
Amacaphuna
"Lalelani ukwesaba kwakho. Mhlawumbe unguMngane wakho kuphela. "Ubaba wami othandekayo wayehlala ethi:" Lapho wonke umuntu elahlekelwa ikhanda azungeze, uyakhumbula nje ukuthi epawulo njengoba kwakukhona ama-shilings angama-20, futhi kusala. Cishe konke lokhu konakalisa umphefumulo nakho kububula inyama. "" Ngomfona uLomi Lomi ".I-Bibliography
- 1977 - "Shards of holographic rose"
- 1981 - "Johnny Mnemonic"
- 1982 - "Burn Chrome"
- 1985 - "Yilwa"
- Ngo-1990 - "Umshini Wokuhlukana"
- 2014 - "Amadivayisi we-Peripheral"
I-Trilogy "I-Cyberpace"
- 1984 - "I-Neuromant"
- 1986 - "Bala ZOL"
- 1988 - "Mona Lisa Orddrive"
"Bridge Trilogy"
- 1993 - "Ukukhanya Okubonakalayo"
- 1996 - "Idor"
- 1999 - "Onke amaqembu kusasa"
"I-BigAnd Trilogy"
- 2003 - "Ukuqashelwa Kwezithombe"
- Ngo-2007 - "Izwe Lezipoki"
- 2010 - "Zero Dossier"