I-Biograge
UMargaret Mitchell ngumlobi, udumo lwawo lomhlaba wonke lwaletha inoveli "ihambile ngomoya". Incwadi yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-1936. Udluliselwe ezilimini ezahlukene futhi waphinde wavuselela izikhathi ezingaphezu kwe-100. Lo msebenzi wawuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "incwadi yekhulu leminyaka", ngoba ngokuthandwa kwamaRoma ngisho nango-2014 kwakuphakeme kunenye imibhalo ethengisa kakhulu.Ubuntwana nentsha
UMargaret Mitchell wazalwa ngoNovemba 8, 1900 e-Atlanta, eGeorgia, emndenini ophumelele nochumayo. Wayengukufutheka ophawu lwe-zodiac kanye ne-Ireland ngobuzwe. Okhokho bakaMitchell ohlwini lukababa bathuthela e-United States base-Ireland, futhi izihlobo ezivela kuMama zithuthela endaweni entsha yokuhlala eFrance. Futhi labo kanye nabanye benzela eningizimu ngesikhathi sempi yombango yango-1861-1865.
Le ntombazane yayinomfowethu osekhulile ogama lakhe linguStephen (uStefanu). Ubaba wasebenza njengommeli futhi wenza amacala ahlobene nezezakhiwo. U-Eugene Mitchell wenza umndeni wokungena emphakathini ophakeme. Wayenemfundo enhle kakhulu, wayengusihlalo womphakathi wasemadolobheni futhi ebusheni bakhe abaphupha ngokuba ngumlobi. Ulethe izingane maqondana namadlozi kanye nangesikhathi esedlule, kwesinye isikhathi, ekhuluma ngezinto ezenzeka empini yombango.
Akunakwenzeka ukubukela phansi kanye nemizamo kamama. Ubufundi kanye nenhloso, wezwa intokazi evelele, eyayiphambi kwenkathi. UMaria Isabella wayephakathi kwabasunguli bomkhankaso wamalungelo okuvota kwabesifazane futhi aqukethe inhlangano yamaKatolika. Owesifazane wafaka indodakazi yakhe ukunambitheka okuhle futhi wayala indlela efanele. UMargaret uthande i-cinema, amanoveli we-adventure, ukugibela ukugibela nokukhuphuka ezihlahleni. Yize le ntombazane yaziphatha ngokuphelele emphakathini futhi yadansa kahle.
Eminyakeni yesikole, uMitchell wabhala umdlalo we-Student Theatre Mug. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuba ngumfundi weWashington Seminary, waya ePhilharmonic e-Atlanta. Lapho, waba nguMdali nomholi weklabhu yeDramatic. Ngaphezu kwesethingi, uMargaret wayenesifiso sobuntatheli. Ubengumhleli weNcwadi Yonyaka Wesikole "Amaqiniso Nezimangaliso" futhi wabamba okuthunyelwe kukaMongameli weWashington Fitery Society.
Eminyakeni engu-18 uMarkagat Mitchell wahlangana noHenry Clifford, ongowokuzalwa eNew York iminyaka engu-22. Ukwaneka kwenzeke ekudayiseni futhi wanikeza ithemba ngokuthuthukiswa kobudlelwano, kepha uHenry kwadingeka ukuthi ahambe ngaphambili ukuze azibambe iqhaza ezimpini zempi yezwe yokuqala eFrance. UMargaret wangena ekolishi e-Smith eRokerAmpampton, eMassachusetts. Kulesi sikhungo semfundo, wafunda i-psychology nefilosofi.
Ngo-1918, uMargaret wafunda ngokufa komkhwenyana. Ukudabuka kwakhe kwaphindeka kabili lapho lezi zindaba zenzeka ukuthi umama washona evela emfuleni umkhuhlane. Intombazane yabuyela e-Atlant izosiza uyise, yaba yinkosikazi yefa futhi yangena ekuphathweni kwazo. E-biography of mitchell, i-scarlett o'hara iyabonakala. UMargaret wayengumfazi onesibindi, onesibindi futhi ohlakaniphile. Ngo-1922, waba intatheli yohlelo lwe-Atlanta Journal Edition, okwabhalwa ngaye ama-eseyi abhale.
Izincwadi
"Kugezwe" - UmRoma owaletha uMargaret Mitchell Inkazimulo. Ngo-1926, umlobi waphula i-ankle wayeka ukusebenzisana nalo magazini asebenza kuwo. Waphefumulelwa ngumsebenzi ozimele, yize abhala ngokungaqondile. Ukuba neSouth, uMargaret wadala inoveli ngemicimbi yempi yombango, ebahlolayo kusukela ekubukweni kwayo, ekubukweni okubonakalayo.
Kepha uMitchell walinaka amaqiniso omlando futhi wawususelwa ezincwadini emithonjeni ehlukahlukene. Waze waxoxisana nalabo ababahlanganyeli bezokuba abahlanganyeli. Ngemuva kwalokho, umbhali wathi abalingiswa benoveli abanazo izibonelo zangempela. Kepha, ngazi izici zemibono yabakhohlisayo, ukuqonda izimilo nezici zesikhathi sokudangala okukhulu, ukwenziwa kwe-psychoanalysis, uMitchell wanikeza i-heroine eyinhloko yezimfanelo nezici ezingajwayelekile. Uphawu lweMelika lowesifazane wayengelona uhlobo lokuziphatha okuhle kakhulu.
UMargaret wasebenza ngokucophelela zonke izahluko. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, eyokuqala yayinokuhlukahluka okungama-60 nokusalungiswa. Iqiniso Elijabulisayo: Ekuqaleni, umbhali wabiza uPansy futhi ngaphambi nje kokunikeza umshicileli, washintsha umqondo wakhe, walungisa igama elithi Scartyt.
Incwadi ikhiphe umshicileli uMcMillan ngo-1936. Ngemuva konyaka, uMargaret Mitchell waba ngumnikazi wePulitzer Priech. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala, izibalo zokuthengisa amaRoma Shake. Ezinyangeni ezi-6 zokuqala, ukusakazwa okungaphezu kwesigidi kwathengiswa namuhla. Namuhla, le ncwadi ithengiswa ngamakhophi ayizinkulungwane ezingama-250 ngonyaka. Umsebenzi uhunyushelwa ezilimini ezingama-27 futhi e-United States kuphela ebiyelwe kabusha izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-70.
Amalungelo esimemezeli athengiswa ngama- $ 50 izinkulungwane, futhi leli nani lalirekhodi. Ngo-1939, kwadedelwa ifilimu eVictor Fleming ku-Roman Mitchell yakhishwa kwizikrini. Uthole ama-statuette ayi-8 "Oscar". Iqhaza le-Relanta Batler elenziwe ngokherk GAble, futhi Scartyt wadlala iVivien Lee.
Umlingisi wayefuna indima enkulu iminyaka emi-2 futhi evunyelwe kuphela omenzi okhumbuza umqondisi kuMargaret omncane. Ukuthandwa kwe-Scartyt kukhuphuke ngemuva kwenduna yeteyipu. Emashalofini ezitolo, ama-lad's lads ngesitayela se-heroine avele.
UMargaret Mitchell wenqabile ukudala ukuqhubeka kwenoveli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wafundisa ngokufa ukuze abhubhise eminye imisebenzi yabo, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukwenza i-bibliography ephelele namuhla. Uma ukuqhubeka kwendaba scartt futhi kwakukhona, umfundi ayazi ngakho. Eminye imibhalo engaphansi kwegama lomlobi ayishicilelwanga.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UMargaret Mitchell wayeshade kabili. Indoda yakhe yokuqala yayingumhlinzeki wotshwala ngokungemthetho, indoda ka-Brown Nrava Berrien Kinnard aphude. Ukushaywa nokuhlekisa kwalowo oshade naye kwanikeza intombazane ukuba iqonde ukuthi yenza isinqumo esingalungile.
Ngo-1925, uMitchell wahlukanisa futhi washada noJohn Marma, umshuwalense. Kunelumeni lokuthi abantu abasha babujwayele kusukela ngo-1921 nokuzibandakanya okuhleliwe. Abomdabu babo babevele bajwayelene, futhi usuku lomshado lwachazwa. Kepha uMargaret osheshayo uMargaret waphula kancane impilo yakhe.
UJohn waphikelela ukuthi uMargaret ushiya umsebenzi wentatheli, futhi umndeni wazinza emgwaqweni we-peach. Kunentatheli yangaphambili futhi waqala ukubhala incwadi. Umyeni wakhombisa izimangaliso zokuthembeka nokubekezela. Ukhohliwe ngomhawu wakhe futhi wahlukanisa ngokuphelele izifiso zomlingani womshado. Imashi ikholise uMargaret ukuthi athathe umlobi ongeyena emphakathini, kodwa ngokwaneliseka, ngoba ukuba ngumfazi wendlu, uMitchell wayevame ukubhekana nokudangala ngenxa yokuntuleka komsebenzi obalulekile.
Ukufundwa okulula kwengqondo yakhe ebuzayo kwakungekho. Ngo-1926, uMitchell uthole umlobi we-typewriter kumngane wakhe womshado. UJohn wawusekela umkayo kukho konke. Ukubuya emsebenzini, wafunda lokhu okubhaliwe nguye, kwasiza ekucabangeni kwe-periphuetics kanye nokushayisana, kwethulwa ukuhlela futhi kwafuna imithombo yasekuqaleni ukuchaza inkathi.
Ukushicilelwa kwenoveli kwaletha umbhali emhlabeni odumile, kodwa inkazimulo yawela eMitchell yaba ngumthwalo onzima. Wayengafuni ukunakwa futhi akazange aze aye e-Cinema ye-cinema encwadini yakhe. UMargaret wamenyelwa emanyuvesi ukuyofunda izinkulumo, izithombe zakhe zivele yonke indawo, futhi izintatheli zacelwa ngokucela ingxoxo.
Isibopho Ngalesi sikhathi, uJohn Marsh wathatha izintambo. Umyeni womlobi wawusekela ukuxhumana nabashicileli kanye nezinkinga zezezimali ezilawulwayo. Wazinikezela ekuziboneleni umkakhe. Oshade naye walinganisela le ncwadi, ngakho-ke inoveli "ihambile ngomoya" yayinikelwe eMan Margaret Mitchell.
Ukushona
UMargaret ushonele ngo-Agasti 16, 1949. Imbangela yokufa yayiyingozi yomgwaqo. Udutshulwe phansi imoto, eshayela umshayeli ophuzile. Ngenxa yale ngozi, umbhali akakaze akwazi ukwazi. Owesifazane wangcwatshwa e-Atlanta, emathuneni ase-Oakland. Umlingani uMargaret Mitchell waphila ngemuva kokushona kwakhe iminyaka emi-3.
Ngokukhumbula umlobi, izingcaphuno eziningana zasala, ifilimu "Isifiso Esivuthayo: Indaba kaMargaret Mitchell", ichaza i-bitchell yowesifazane, isithombe, ingxoxo kanye noveli ongafi.
Ngo-1991, u-Alexander RILLYY akhipha incwadi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Scarlett, eyaba ukuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kwe- "egqokwa umoya". Ukwethulwa kwenoveli kwashukumisela igagasi elisha lenzalo emsebenzini kaMargaret Mitchell.
Amacaphuna
"Ngeke ngicabange ngakho namhlanje, ngizocabanga ngakho kusasa" "Lapho owesifazane engakwazi ukukhala, kungokwethusa" "" ""I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1936 - "Kudlule umoya"