I-Biograge
I-Wilhelm Gaufi, isiphetho esidumile saseJalimane seWilhelmu Gaufy, sathatha isikhathi esincane kakhulu ukuze siveze amandla omuntu wokudala onomcabango omangalisayo futhi wabona ithalente elibhaliwe. Empilweni emfishane, umbhali wakwazi ukusebenza ezinhlotsheni eziningi futhi ashiye umkhondo ngezincwadi zamaJalimane zekhulu le-XIX njengoMlobi Wezinkondlo, amanoveli, izindaba nezinganekwane zomlingo ezidumile emhlabeni wonke.Ubuntwana nentsha
UWilhelm Gauf wazalelwa eJalimane ngoNovemba 29, 1802. Lo mndeni uhlala eStuttgart futhi wahlala esimweni esivelele kwezenhlalo nezenhlalo. Ubaba wabalobi wesikhathi esizayo, u-Agasti Friedrich, wangena ezinyathelweni zokhokho, abantu abasezingeni eliphakeme, futhi wabamba isikhundla sehhovisi enkonzweni yezinto zakwamanye amazwe. Umama wabizelwa nguJadwig Wilhelmin Elzestor, wayengumuntu othanda izintambo ezivela ku-Alsace, isifunda esingokomlando saseFrance, kusukela ngekhulu le-17 sasibhekwa njengendaba yezimpi nezimpi zezepolitiki.
UWilhelm wabamba ebuntwaneni phakathi kwabafowethu nodadewethu abathathu, kanye nabazala abathi uLouise. Lapho umfana eneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, u-Agasti Friedrich ngokungazelelwe washiya impilo yakhe ngokungazelelwe, futhi uJadvig wathuthela izingane efeni likayise wakhe, owayeseTubingen futhi edume ngezinga eliphakeme lemfundo kanye nokukhethwa okukhulu kwezikhungo zemfundo. Idolobha elisha, elihlukaniswe yisimo sothando, samhlaba umxhwele umfana futhi libonakale ekubukeni kwakhe komhlaba.
Ngaphambi kokuya esikoleni, uGauf wafunda ukufunda, wahlala ezincwadini zama-Classics ezincwadi zezwe isikhathi eside, ngobuningi bomkhulu owabakagogo wakhe. Amanoveli we-adventure eScotland Prose Walter Scott kanye nezinganekwane zemilingo zabafundi baseJalimane bakaJacob noWilhelm Grimmov babenethonya elikhethekile emfana.
Incwadi amaza angena ngokujulile inhliziyo yengane engenangqondo futhi, exutshwe nemicabango yakhe, yaba yisisekelo sezinganekwane zokuqala ezatshelwa abafowethu nodadewethu abasebasha. Lapho sekuyisikhathi sokucabanga ngekusasa, umama wathumela i-gauf encane ukuba afunde esikoleni sesonto esigodlweni sezindela, enethemba lokuthi inzalo yomndeni omuhle ekugcineni izoba ngumpristi futhi iqhube ikhasi elisha emlandweni wezomhlonishwa isibongo.
UWilhelm wayengumuntu olalelayo futhi, wanqotshwa yintando yomzali, uthweswe iziqu esikhungweni sezemfundo futhi wangena enyuvesi yakudala ye-tubing kwi-Faculty of Filosophy nezenkolo. Njengomfundi okhuthele, uWilhelm wayenombono omuhle kakhulu, kodwa ngaphambi kokuzijwayeza, futhi udokotela osemusha wesayensi yenkolo esikhundleni somugqa wesonto afaka uhlobo lothisha, abeka umfundisi eBaron Ernsta yeegegen von Högel .
Ngaphambi nje kwalapho, ngo-1824, i-Gauf yashicilelwa ngokungaziwa iqoqo lezinkondlo okubizwa nge- "zempi kanye nabantu izingoma", equkethe imisebenzi ye-forklore ye-German Romay kanye nezinkondlo zabo ezi-2 zendatshana yabo. Le nsizwa yelula ezincwadini, kodwa yaphoqa ngendlela yamphoqa ukuthi aqhubeke nomsebenzi wakathisha endlini ye-aristocrat ecebile.
Ekhuphuka izingane von Högel, uWilhelm uthole ithuba lokubona umhlaba. Uvakashele amadolobha amaningana eJalimane, kubandakanya nendawo azalelwa kuyo kwabafowethu abamaGrimm, uKassel, wabe esevakashela eFrance naseBelgium futhi wajwayelane nokubuka kwezihloko. Ukuvezwa kwe-gauf kujabulele ukwakheka kwemibhalo futhi, ukwengeza iziza ezinhle, kushicilelwe izindaba eziyi-8 zemilingo e-Almanane yezingane ezivela kwizifunda ezinhle ze-1826.
Izincwadi
Iminyaka yokuqala ye-Biography Biography ye-Gauf yayimbozwe ngokungaziwa okuyimfihlo. Ukulandela izinkondlo, umlobi we-novice wahlanganiswa futhi washicilela 2 ukuhanjiswa kusebenza, ukuhlekelwa yisitayela kanye nendlela yababhali banamuhla baseJalimane. "Kucashunwe kuSathane Memoirs", okwaphela ngo-Ernsty Theodor Amadeu Hoffmann, kwadlula lokho, futhi indaba ebizwa ngokuthi "umuntu kusuka enyangeni, noma kuvunguza i-Voice of the Fate" inoveli encane.
Imbangela yokushaywa komphakathi kanye nesivivinyo esilandelayo kwakuyiqiniso lokuthi emsebenzini kaWilhelm wasebenzisa isiginesha yomugqa wesilo waseJalimane odumile waleso sikhathi uHeinrich Claureen. Umbhali osemusha wobubi ugibele i-syllable eyisilayidi kanye nozakwabo abaphakathi nendawo futhi waphoqeleka ukuthi akhokhe amatafula angama-50 ekunxephezelweni ngenhlamba.
Ejabulisayo ngokumangazayo, uGauf waqala ukuqamba inoveli yokuqala yomlando ethi "Liechtenstein", oncishiswe mayelana nokufika kwamaqhawe ngesikhathi sempi yabampofu, owabamba iJalimane ngekhulu le-XVI. Ukusondela kubantu futhi ukusetshenziswa ukunambitheka kwezwe kunqume ukuphumelela komsebenzi.
Kuyathakazelisa iqiniso lokuthi le ncwadi oyithandile abafundi ngemuva kwalokho yaqala ukwenziwa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo. Ngokusekelwe ezincwadini zaseGauga, fan wakhe, uDuke Wilhelm von Urah, ngo-1840 wakha inqaba ekhanyisiwe emanxiweni enkonxenyeni yomndeni eBaden-Württemberg eSouth-West yaseJalimane.
Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwenoveli, izilaleli zabheka ngendlela entsha kumlobi osemusha nomsebenzi wakhe. Izinganekwane ezishicilelwe zisuka ku-1826 ziye ku-1828, zithola ukuthandwa futhi zakha i-gauff ngomunye wababhali baseJalimane abathandayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izindaba zomlingo ziphoqe izingane ezincane ezethusayo, ziphethe ulwazi ngomhlaba, zigcwele okuhle nobulungisa, futhi zikugxeka ukunganakwa kanye nabantu abangenanhliziyo.
Ngakho-ke, 'ezindabeni eziphathelene nofulawa omncane ", uGauf utshele isiphetho somfana, waphenduka umthakathi endaweni evuthayo futhi waphoqeleka ukuba azulazule emhlabeni wonke. Futhi kwenye inganekwane, ebizwa ngokuthi "inhliziyo ebandayo", umbhali wadala isithombe seqhawe, esaphucwa imizwa futhi sanamathela endleleni yokuhlukumeza nokunganakwa.
Izinganekwane ezimbi kakhulu ze-Gauf's Fairy zazibhekwa "umlando we-Ghost Ship", efakwe endabeni ethi "Uhlaka" olubizwa nge- "Caravan". Kuyo, umbhali wadonsela isithombe esabekayo sokubulawa kwePirates kunoma yikuphi ukutholwa kwendela namaqhawe bajeziswa ngefulawa yaphakade yobugebengu obubi.
Lo msebenzi, kanye nomlando "nge-Calishor Aist" kanye nensindiso "kaFutima", wagcwala ukunambitheka osempumalanga kanye nokuhlakanipha kwansuku zonke, okuyizinye izinkanyezi umuntu azibongele ngamazwi akhe, imicabango kanye nezenzo zakhe.
Ngo-1827, eJalimane "u-Almanac wesibili wamadodakazi namadodakazi asekilasini elihle" wanyatheliswa eJalimane, okuhlanganisa izindaba zikaMagic Gauf. Ngokungafani neqoqo langaphambilini, lesi sigcawu esizinikezele esivela empilweni ye-Motherland, sibadweba ohlontsweni lwezinganekwane zendabuko zaseJalimane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithoni yobuhlungu, isimilo semisebenzi yomjikelezo we-1st, sathathelwa indawo ukuzijabulisa nokuqinisekisa impilo.
Isibonelo esimangazayo sezinganekwane zesibili "Almanach" kwakuyindaba ebizwa ngokuthi yindaba ebizwa ngokuthi yi- "Dwarf Ekhaleni", eyayinciphise ngokuphila komfana ononya owakha indlela yokuphekela kahle futhi, naphezu kokuvela enkantolo. Lo msebenzi usuthandwa kakhulu eJalimane nasemhlabeni wonke, owenze isisekelo sokwenza izinto ezenzeka emshadweni, amafilimu kanye namakhathuni, kodwa kungenye yokugcina, eshicilelwe ngesikhathi sokugcina, enyatheliswa ngesikhathi sokugcina, eshicilelwe ngesikhathi sokugcina somlobi.
Ingqikithi ye-Gauf yabhala ngezinganekwane ezingama-20, amanoveli ama-2 nezindaba eziyi-11. Izinkondlo zakhe ziba izingoma zabantu, nemibhalo yezingane yangena emlandweni wezinto zakudala zezincwadi zaseJalimane.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Mayelana nempilo yomuntu siqu kaWilhelm Gauf uyazi kancane. Abezindaba zezimbali zebhayibheli babheka umlobi ojabulayo, okuphambene namasiko entombazane eshadile othandweni, hhayi ngesivumelwano sezihlobo. Okhethiweyo wakhe kwakunguKuzina uLuzina Louise, umxoxi wezindaba othandwa ngabasekuqaleni.
Le ntombazane yaphendula ukuphindisela, futhi lapho nje i-gauf ikhuphuke ezinyaweni zayo, ihlele umhleli ohlelweni lwansuku zonke lwe- "Morning Leaf", abantu abasha bashada futhi baphila impilo emfushane, kodwa ejabulisayo.
NgoNovemba 10, 1827, izinyanga ezimbalwa emva komshado, umfazi wabeletha umlobi ndodakazi, lapho uWilhelmina abiza uYise.
Ukushona
Ngo-1827, uGauf wasebenza kwinoveli entsha okwakufanele abe yi-stylistic ukuqhubeka kwe- "Liechtenstein" evumayo. Ngokuqukethwe komsebenzi omusha, umbhali waya e-Alps, kodwa endleleni agula kakhulu futhi waphoqeleka ukuba aphazamise uhambo.
Ekhaya, umbhali usengcono, futhi umndeni wanethemba lokululama okusheshayo. Okwesikhashana, umzimba omncane walwa nokutheleleka, kepha akazange ame ekhanda legciwane elibulalayo.
NgoNovemba 18, 1827, uGauf, owayeneminyaka engama-24 kuphela ubudala, washona embhedeni wakhe eStuttgart. Imbangela yokufa kweTrester, okusolakala ukuthi yaba yi-typhoid yesisu.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1826 - "Othello"
- Ngo-1826 - "Caravan"
- Ngo-1826 - "Umlando weCalifa-Aist"
- Ngo-1826 - "Umlando Ngomkhumbi Wesipoki"
- Ngo-1826 - "Umlando wefulawa encane"
- Ngo-1826 - "Liechtenstein"
- Ngo-1826 - "Izicaphuna ezivela KuSathane Memoirs"
- Ngo-1827 - "Ikhala elincanyana"
- Ngo-1827 - "White and Rose"
- Ngo-1827 - "Fyshmagoria e-Bremen Wine cellar. Isipho se-Autumn sabathandi bewayini "
- Ngo-1827 - "Intshumayelo yentshumayelo ephikisayo ekhuluma nge-" ndoda evela enyangeni "phambi komphakathi waseJalimane ekwindla ka-1827"