I-Biograge
UJohn Dillinger ungenye yezigebengu ezinkulu kakhulu ze-United States, ephatha ngesikhathi sokudangala okukhulu. Ngempilo yakhe emfushane - iminyaka engama-31 - amabhange angama-24 abhujiswe namaphoyisa angama-4, abaleka kabili ejele. Kwi-FBI, wayeyisitha somphakathi inombolo 1, kanye nabezindaba - "URobin Hood ungowamanje."Ubuntwana nentsha
UJohn Herbert Dillinger wazalwa ngoJuni 22, 1903 e-Indianapolis, eIndiana. Ngemuva kwabedade, Audrey (1889 r.) Waba ingane yesibili emndenini kaJohn Wilson Dillinger noMariya Ellen Lancaster.
Ubaba wakhulisa izingane emgomweni ka "Roga ngizozisola - ingane izophanga." Ikakhulukazi umfana. Isimo sakhula lapho uMariya efa - ngaphambi kosuku lwe-4 ukuzalwa kukaJohane, ngo-1907. Ngo-1912, ubaba wakhe washada nezinsimu ezi-Elizabeth, ezazidala kuno-Audrey. Ekuqaleni, uDillinger wafunga ngomathimitha wokutholwa, wabe esethandana.
Ukuba yintsha, uJohane wayevame ukuhileleka ekulweni, ebambelele, wathatha imali ezinganeni ezincane. Umlingiswa ohlubukayo awuzange uvumele ukuqala kweselelesi ukuthola imfundo - waphonsa isikole futhi wahlala esimisweni e-Indianapolis.
Ubaba wayekholelwa ukuthi idolobha lonakalisa uDillinger, ngakho-ke ngo-1921 wathutha umndeni waya eMursville, eIndiana. Ezindaweni zasemakhaya, indlela yokuziphatha kwensizwa yayingalungiswa - ngo-1922 waboshwa ngenxa yokungabanjwa kwezimoto. UJohn wakwazi ukugwema ukuboshwa.
Izinyanga eziningana zika-1923, uDillinger wakhonza e-US Navy, wafaka olungiswa kwezimoto e-USS Utah Wendafield. Ngesinye isikhathi, lapho umkhumbi wema eBoston, uJohane waphunyuka. Angikwazanga ukuthola insizwa, umyalo weLincher uthumele umbiko ngokuxoshwa kwakhe kwinkonzo.
Amakhono
Ngemuva kokubuyela eMursville, uDillinger wazama ukuthola umsebenzi. Imakethe yezikhala engenalutho kanye nobumpofu obungenziwa ngokushesha baphoqelela insizwa yecala lokuqala. UJohn nomngane wakhe u-Ed Singleton bahlanza isitolo sokudla, babuka ama- $ 50. Umfundisi owayesendaweni yesehlakalo sobugebengu, wabona abantu abasha futhi wabika emaphoyiseni.
Bobabili baboshwa ngakusasa. ULingleton akazange aqaphele umuzwa wecala, futhi nodanga loMkhandlu kayise lwavuma kulokhu. Ukuthengiselana namaphoyisa athembisa ukujeziswa okunemibandela, kepha uJohn wagwetshwa iminyaka eyishumi nanye ejele. U-Singleton wanikezwa kusukela eminyakeni emi-2 kuye kwayi-14 ejele. Endleleni eya kwikhamera ejele likahulumeni wase-Indiana, kwakuyikhaya lakhe leminyaka eyi-9, kusukela ngo-1924 kuya ku-1933, uDillinger waveza isitatimende esingokwesiprofetho:
"Uma ngihamba lapha, ngizoba yi-bastard ebaluleke kakhulu owake wayibona."Omakhelwane bakaJohn babengabaphangi basebhange abaphangikazi: UHarry Pete Pierfont, uCharles Maclie, uRussell Clark noHomer Wang Meter. Amadoda aphupha ngokuya ngenkululeko nalapho enziwa ndawonye ukwenza ukuphanga kwalelikhulu leminyaka. Ukuboshwa isikhathi eside kwabavumela ukuba bathuthukise uhlelo olufanele lobugebengu.
Ngenxa yomkhankaso kababa osebenzayo, le ndoda yayiqoqa amasiginesha ethandwa kakhulu ukukhululwa kwendodana - ngoMeyi 10, 1933, ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-9,5 yokuphetha, i-Dillinger yayikhululekile. Emphakathini omkhulu ukudangala, kwakungelula, ngakho-ke wabuyela emisebenzini yobugebengu.
NgoJuni 21, 1933, uDillinger wasula ibhange lakhe lokuqala - wenza isikhungo e-Carlisle entsha, e-Ohio, izinkulungwane eziyi-10. Uyedwa, waphanga amabhange ama-5 e-Ohio naseNivena. I-Kush ejwayelekile yayingama- $ 47,2,000. Ibonwa ngamaphoyisa endaweni yesehlakalo, uJohn waboshwa. Ubekwe icala lokuphanga ebhange eBloffton, e-Ohio. Ngalo, bathola icebo lokuphunyuka ejele. Ngezidingo zamaphoyisa, isigebengu asiphendulanga ngokuqokwa kohlelo.
Ngisho nangaphambi kokukhululwa kwejele lase-Indiana, amakhabethe - uPierrefont, uClark kanye neziboshwa ezi-6 - zenza icebo lokuphunyuka. Ukubuyisa onogada, la madoda akhiphe izikhali futhi ebekhona inkululeko ngoSepthemba 1933, ezinsukwini ezi-4 ngemuva kokuthwebula umholi wawo e-Ohio.
Eqenjini, eyaziwa ngokuthi "ibhendi yokuqala yokudonsa", yayiqukethe abantu abangu-6, uPete Pierfont, uRussell Clark, uCharles Maclie, uHarry Cupland, uHarry Cupland noJohn Hamilton. Ngo-Okthoba 12, 1933, uPierponte, uClark noMakhalie bafika e-Ohio futhi, bethula amaphoyisa ase-Indiana, bafuna ukubanikeza uDiller ukuyodlulisela ejele. Ukukhululwa kudlulile ngempumelelo. Abaphangi bafeze e-Indiana.
Ekhomishini yamacala amacala, iqembu lezigelekeqe lalisebenzisa amaqhinga akhiwa umphangi wokuhlola waseJalimane Lamm. Isikimu sisuselwa ekuxhumaneni kwezindima: ababukeli, abashayeli, abasebenzi bokulethwa kwezidingo, emisebenzini yabo ehlanganisa ukuthutha imali emotweni, kubaduni.
Amalungu eqembu lezigelekeqe ahlala egqoke izikhali zomzimba, ajabulele izikhali zanamuhla, njengezibhamu zomshini kaThompson. Ukusebenza okusetshenzisiwe "abasebenzi" imishini - ebanzi, ngenjini enamandla, imvamisa i-Ford Brand. Babizelwe ngabasebenzi ngoba, ngemuva kokwenza ubugebengu, izimoto zashiywa emgwaqweni. Izigelekeqe zenze ama-gangsters anezinhlamvu zophethiloli uma kwenzeka kujaha, emotweni egcina ikhithi yosizo lokuqala yokwelapha ukulimala.
Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 1933 kuya kuJanuwari Gang Gang, inani eliphelele lingama- $ 136.8 izinkulungwane zabantu. Ngesikhathi sokugcina eTucson, e-Arizona, umholi weqembu, umholi wokuqoqa amaqembu wajabula ngezandla zobulungiswa. Lesi sigebengu sabekwa ejele le-Crawon Point, Indiana, okuvela kulo, njengoba amaphoyisa endawo athi athi, angeke aphunyuke. Mashi 3, ngemuva kwenyanga nesigamu ngemuva kwesiphetho, uDillinger waphunyuka.
Basho lokho lapho kudutshulwa, isigebengu sasinesibhamu sangempela naye, ngokwemininingwane esemthethweni ye-FBI, isikhali sasiyinkohliso - isivikeli esibaziweyo esibaziweyo esivela kumazambane.
Mashi 6, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-3 ngemuva kokuphunyuka, "i-dellinger gang yesibili" njengengxenye yengane yaseNelson, i-Homer van Meter, u-Tommy Carolla, no-Eddie Green bantshontsha ama- $ 49,5 amawaka ukusuka ebhange eSouth Dakota. Ngenyanga efanayo, izigebengu zifihle ibhange e-Iowa (ama- $ 52,000). Ekufeni kwe-Dillinger, amadoda aphange amanye amabhange ama-2, i-Kush ephelele yayingama- $ 46,8 izinkulungwane.
I-FBI yentengiso ekhulayo, isimo sesitha seNkathi Yomphakathi 1 eyaphoqelela i-dilliner ukuthi ishintshe ukubukeka. Ngokusho kodokotela ohlinzayo, uWilliam Lozer, uJohane wayefuna ukususa iphunga phezu kwe-chin, ama-moles abuse ebunzini nangaphansi kwamehlo kwesobunxele, aguqule ukwakheka kwempumulo, aqhubeke nobuso bomlomo bese befaka ubuso besibanda . Ngaphezu kwalokho, isigebengu sasifuna ukusula iminwe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Uthando lukaJohn Dillinger eMachekhh lwaphenduka inoveli eyimfihlo. U-Elizabeth wayeneminyaka emishako engama-25 kunokhethwe yena okhethiweyo, ubudlelwano babo bethule iminyaka emithathu.
Ukubuyela eMursville ngemuva kwenkonzo e-US Navy, umfana wahlangana noBeril Ethel Hovius. Ephreli 12, 1924, abathandi baba ngumyeni nenkosikazi. Ukuphila komuntu okujabulisayo okwesikhashana kwavimba ukuthambekela kwe-dilliner kwesenzo esingekho emthethweni. Ngemuva kokwebiwa kokuqala okukhulu, ubudlelwane bomndeni baqala ukonakala. Izithandani zihlukanise eminyakeni emi-2 kamuva.
Ngo-Okthoba 1933, uDillinger wahlangana no-Evelyn Frenolett, owaziwa ngokuthi uBilly Frecett. Bona, othandweni nomunye ngaphandle kwenkumbulo, babefuna ukushada. Umshado ubambe iqiniso lokuthi le ntombazane yayisenkombeni yesehlukaniso.
Ngemuva kokufika kwejele, iCromo Point Dillinger yaba yisigebengu esifuna kakhulu, ukuzingela ngemuva kwakhe kwenziwa ubusuku nemini. UFrecett wasiza ukuphepha kwakhe. Ngo-Ephreli 9, 1934, uBilly noJohane baya emhlanganweni e-Tavern. Njengokuhlala kunjalo, iFreechett yangena esikhungweni sokuqala. Waboshwa walahlwa yicala iminyaka emi-2 yokukhosela lesigebengu. Bathi, UDillinger wawela ekudayisweni, phakathi kwemini nobusuku ukuphunyuka okukhethiwe kwahlelwa, kodwa angikaze ngibone lo mbhangqwana.
NgoJuni wawo lowo nyaka, uDillinger wajwayelana noRita Hamilton, isifebe. Nguyena ongazihlolisisi phakathi kwama-federal agents kanye nesigebengu. Bahlangana kuze kube sekufeni kukaJohane.
Ukushona
Imininingwane ephathelene nendawo ye-DIllinger ne-FBI yabelana ngesifebe u-Ana Kumpany - umfutho waseRomania, owasongelwa ngokudingiswa 'ngokubukeka okuphansi kokuziphatha.' Wayazi ukuthi ngoJulayi 22, 1934, isigebengu sasizothatha uPolly Hamilton kuma-movie. Naphezu kosizo, le ntombazane isadingiswa.
Ngosuku olumisiwe ekuphumeni kusuka ku-Theatre ye-Biograph eChicago, e-Illinois, uDillinger wayelinde iqembu elivulekile lezinhlangano zenhlangano. Isigebengu sazama ukucasha e-alley, kwavuleka ukudubula. Enye yezinhlamvu yayibulale uJohane - yangena emuva entanyeni, yahlasela ikhanda lakhe. Kuthiwa abadlulayo behlise inkukhu yenqwaba esigabeni kanye nezingubo zasePodola - ngenkumbulo yeselelesi esidumile.
UJohn Dillinger wabulawa izinyanga ezi-2 ngemuva kokushona kwabanye abaphangi abadumile - uBonnie Parker kanye noClyde Barrow. Umzimba we-dilliner ogcinwe eMorgue wawukhona ukuvakashela. Kwaphela unyaka nohhafu, bangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu abantu ababheka izitha zomphakathi. Kumuntu weselelesi, amaski ama-4 pompvumous asuswa.
I-Grouble itholakala emathuneni aseCrown Hill e-Indianapolis. Itshe lethuna lathathelwa indawo okungenani izikhathi ezi-4, ngoba izivakashi zinakekele itshe elingenakulibaleka lezikhumbuzo.
Ukukhumbula
UJohn Dillinger's Biography wasebenza njengesisekelo samashumi ezincwadi, ubuciko kanye nemibhalo. Isithombe sesigebengu ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene sathola abadlali uHumphrey Bogart, uLeo Gordon, uNick Adams, uMark Harmoni, Martin Sheen.
Idokhumenti likaMarco Ferreri "uDillinger ufile" (1969) kubandakanya abasebenzi nesithombe seselelesi ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa kwepulasitiki, ukudubula kusuka emikhunjini nokuphenya.
Impikiswano kakhulu yifilimu "Johnny D." (2009) noJohnny Depp endimeni kaDillinger. I-fighter ikhombisa izithombe eziqondile zezikhathi ezibalulekile zempilo yecala, kepha imininingwane ebalulekile yomlando iyahlanekezelwa - ngokwesibonelo, izimo zokufa kwe-handlaws ze-floyd kanye nengane uNelson, owayehambisana noDillingier.
Umlando wesitha senombolo yomphakathi 1 utshela kumafilimu:
- Ngo-1935 - I-Hear People №1 "
- 1941 - "Sierra High"
- 1945 - "Dillinger"
- 1973 - "Dillinger"
- 1979 - "Intokazi ebomvu"
- Ngo-1991 - "Umlando We-Dillingier"
- 1995 - "Dillinger neCalone"
- 2012 - "Ukufa kukaJack Hamilton"