I-Biograge
I-Horror-themed ibilokhu ihambelana nobabili ezincwadini nase-cinema. Abantu badinga ukuthuthukisa i-adrenaline kanye nemizwa ekhanyayo, futhi indlela esheshayo yokuya e-cinema ku-movie ethusayo noma ukutholwa kwencwadi entsha enokuqukethwe kwe-ticket nerve okuqukethwe. Kuyimisebenzi enjalo futhi kuhlanganisa i-American Robert Stein, ebizwa ngokuthi "uStefanu inkosi yezingane nentsha." Ku-Bibliography of the Wrivel Youth Wrivel oyithandayo emhlabeni wonke sekuvele kukhona izincwadi ezingaba ngu-500, futhi umlobi ngeke ame lapho.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-biography kaRobert Lawrence Stina yaqala ngo-Okthoba 8, 1943 edolobheni laseMelika laseColumbus Ohio. Umfana waqala ukubhala izindaba ezineminyaka engu-9 ubudala ngosizo lomshini ophrintiwe wakudala wabathola. Ekuqaleni, wasungula amahlaya nezindaba ezihlekisayo, futhi hhayi izindaba ezimbi ezazisa kamuva umbhali ezaziwa.
Eminyakeni yesikole, umlobi ophumelelayo wesikhathi esizayo wayengeyena umfundi ophumelele ngokukhethekile, kodwa wazibonakalisa kwesinye - uRobert wayesesihlotsheni sokuhlela ephephandabeni lesikole, wapenda amahlaya wakhe futhi wasungula amahlaya akhe.
Ubaba kaSteney wasebenza njengomabhalane endaweni yokugcina izimpahla, futhi umama wahlala ekhaya ezonakekela uRobert nodadewabo nodadewabo nodadewabo. UStein kwesinye sezingxoxo wazichaza 'njengengane ethukile kakhulu,' ethi le ndaba kaPinocchio (kwinguqulo yaseRussia yePiratino) yaba ukwesaba okukhulu.
"I-Pinocchio yasekuqaleni icwebezele kakhulu ... Ulala, abeke imilenze yakhe esitofini futhi wawashisa!".
E-University of Ohio, uRobert wasagxila ezinhlangothini ezikhanyayo zokuphila. Iminyaka eminingana, wahlela lo magazini ohlekisayo wesikole ngokuthi "iSunclock". Ngemuva kokuphothula eyunivesithi maphakathi nawo-1960s, lo mfo wathuthela eNew York.
Izincwadi
ENew York, uStein wasebenza njengombhali nomhleli. Ekugcineni, wathola isikhundla eScholastic, Inc., esebenza lapho phezu komagazini bezingane. Maphakathi nawo-1970s, lo mfo wadalwa yijenali ehlekisayo kaBanana, bese kuthi lapho kushicilelwa kubizwa ngokuthi yi-maniac. Esikhathini sakhe samahhala, uRobert wabhala izincwadi ezihlekisayo zezingane ezibizwa nge- "ejabule uBob Stein".
Njengoba elahlekelwe ngumsebenzi e-Scholastic ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa kabusha kwenkampani, uStein waqala ukubhala isikhathi esigcwele. Ushintshele kuhlobo lwethukile, wabhala indaba yakhe yokuqala embi ebizwa ngokuthi "usuku olungaboni." Le ncwadi ekhishwe ngo-1986 yamukelwa ngemfudumalo, njengokusontekile kanye ne-baby-sitester, eshicilelwe ngo-1987 nango-1989, ngokulandelana.
Ngo-1989, uStein wakhipha uchungechunge lwakhe lokuqala lwezincwadi ezesabekayo zabantu abasha, ezibizwa nge- "Star Streak". Kuchazwa ngokuthi "lapho kuhlala khona amaphupho amabi kakhulu amabi kakhulu," wayezinikele ebumnyameni obumnyama be-haydiside High School Pepils. Ngenxa yalokho, ngenxa yamanoveli ayi-100, ngenxa yalokho, kwathengiswa amakhophi angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-80 emhlabeni jikelele.
Uchungechunge oludume kakhulu nolubanzi lwezincwadi uRobert "Horror" (kuma- "Goosebumps Original") wabona ukukhanya ngo-1992. Ukuhlelwa kokuqala kwakhishwa yi-Parachute Press Packaiging Compaki, lapho uJane usebenza khona. Ngomkhiqizo wokuqala obizwa ngokuthi "Siyakwamukela endlini efile" washeshe walandelwa amanoveli amasha. Kwelinye iphuzu, uStein wabhala izincwadi eyodwa noma ezimbili ngenyanga. Indaba ngayinye yalolu chungechunge yayiqukethe ama-cliffenger anesibindi ngasekupheleni kwezahluko.
Mayelana "okwesabekayo" kwaxoxa ngokushesha njengento ebhaliwe. Izincwadi seziphenduke abathengisi e-United States nakwamanye amazwe futhi ekugcineni bahunyushelwa ezilimini eziyi-16 ezihlukile. Uchungechunge lolu lwaphenduka lube luchungechunge, olubizwa ngenguqulo yeRussia olubizwa ngokuthi "Goosebumps".
Ukuthandwa okudumile kwephrojekthi yethelevishini kuguqukile amabala komunye wabalobi bezingane abaphumelele kakhulu, kwaqala ukuqhathaniswa nombhali owesabekayo owesabekayo wabantu abadala uStephen King. Ngokuvamile, uchungechunge lwaluneziqephu ezingama-74 nesikhathi esingamaminithi angaba ngu-20.
Lapho ama-1990s ephela, "amafilimu asabekayo" aqala ukunyamalala. Ngomhlaka 2000, umlobi wakhipha uchungechunge olusha oluthi "Igumbi Lokwesaba", encwadini ngayinye eyethulwa kuyo (abafundi banganquma ukuthi yisiphi isinyathelo esilandelayo sizokwenza iqhawe lomlando). Ngo-2004, indoda exubene amahlaya nokwethuka ku "Ngubani ozokhipha izipoki?" - Indaba yokuqala evela kuchungechunge olunamandla kakhulu.
UStein waqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izinkomba ezintsha, etshela ngama-vampires ku- "BUST" 2010 nangokwesaba kwabafundi basendulo encwadini ka-2011 "Lolu wusuku lokuqala esikoleni ... kuze kube phakade!".
NgokukaRobert, ubhala imisebenzi yakhe ngokulandelana okunjalo - okokuqala kuza nesihloko, khona-ke ukuphela kanye kuphela lapho konke okunye okuqukethwe. Indoda isebenza "ku-studio ebhala", ehlotshiswe nge-skeleton, i-cockroach enkulu kanye nemaskhi yase-Afrika enomunyu omangalisayo. I-Creepy Enloura ivumela umbhali ukuthi angeniswe emkhathini adingekayo. Ngokwesilinganiso uStein ushicilela izincwadi ezi-7 njalo ngonyaka.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
URobert Stein ushade noJane wokubhala. Owesifazane waze waba ngumsunguli wencwadi yokushicilela indlu yentsha, ephefumulelwe imisebenzi yomyeni wakhe. Ufunda kuqala futhi ahlele izindaba ezintsha zomlobi. Banendodana egama linguMathezi, owazalwa ngo-1980.
Abalingani bahlala eNew York. Ngokusho kombhali, uyalithanda lo muzi - kuwo, kuye, ungabhekana nezimo eziningi njenganoma yiliphi elinye idolobha ngeke zenzeke ngenyanga.
UStein ngumsebenzisi osebenzayo wenethiwekhi yezenhlalo ye-Twitter. Uxhumana lapho nabalandeli, ubeka isithombe entweni yakhe siqu futhi wakwazisa amasu akhe angeziwe wokudala.
Iqiniso elimangalisayo ukuthi uRobert akakholelwa ngaphandle kwezipoki noma kwamanye amabutho angaphezu kwawemvelo. Kodwa-ke, une-phobia efika ngokuphelele - umbhali wemivimbo eyethusayo nge-horror abhekisele kumanzi.
URobert Stein Manje
Ngo-Okthoba 2015, uchungechunge lwezincwadi "ezesabekayo" lwaphenduka ifilimu eligcwele le-hollywood eline-jack blake endimeni ye-stina. Uhlobo lwesikrini luwine izinhliziyo zabalandeli kanye nabagxeki ifilimu, ngemuva kwalokho kwanqunywa ukuthi badubule ukuqhubeka. I- "Horror-2: Ukuphumula Halloween" kwaqhubeka izikrini ezinkulu emhlabeni wonke ekwindla ka-2018.
Manje umbhali uyaqhubeka nokuzama izinhlobo zemisebenzi yakhe, kepha usanaka kakhulu izindaba ezimbi zezingane nentsha, ezinye zazo zabona ukukhanya ngo-2019.
I-Bibliography
- 1989 - "Okusha"
- 1992 - "Photo Ebulalayo"
- 1993 - "Izinhliziyo Eziphukile"
- 1993 - "Isiqalekiso sethuna likaFaro"
- 1996 - "I-Ghost Camp"
- 1996 - "Konke Okungcolile"
- 1997 - "Isiqalekiso sechibi elibandayo"
- Ngo-2008 - "ukuziphindisela konodoli abaphilayo"
- 2012 - "Imvula ebomvu"
- 2016 - "Isoka elifile"
- 2019 - "Ukuziphindisela komfana ongabonakali"