I-Biograge
Intatheli yaseCzech, i-Playwwright neProsuik, ephakanyiselwe kuma-30s ekhulu lama-20 eMklomelo kaNobel, uKarel Chapek phambilini kunasesidlangalaleni nenqubekela phambili yesayensi. I-bibliography of the Writer eyayiphila iminyaka engama-48 ibanzi futhi ihlukahlukene, futhi ama-aphorisms awagugi.Ubuntwana nentsha
Intatheli yesikhathi esizayo kanye nomlobi banyathelisa ukukhala kokuqala ngoJanuwari 1890 enyakatho yeBohemia emndenini weMedica Antonina Chapeca. Obomdabu eKarel, udadewabo wakudala uGelena kanye nomfowabo wakudala uJosef baba yidolobha laseCapsand, lapho u-Chapsa athuthela khona izinyanga eziyisithupha, ngoba ubaba womndeni wavula ihhovisi lezokwelapha. Amalungu omndeni asemasha ayenziwa endabeni: UGelen noJoseph bazame bona ezincwadini. UMfoweth 'uKareli, ngaphandle kwalokho, wapenda ngokuphelele futhi wayedumile ngokuzayo njenge-cubist.
Isiko laseBohemia ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 lalingamasiko amasiko namaSiko eChekhov, amaJalimane namaJuda, kanye neziguli ze-chapecsa-osomabhizinisi babenobungcweti kanye nosomabhizinisi abancane. Imvamisa, wayeke wabona uKareli osemusha nogogo wakhe, ehola impilo yasemakhaya. Ngakho-ke, abantu abalula bezizwe ezahlukahlukene kanye nobungcweti baba yizimpawu zezincwadi zikaChapeka.
Izindaba zokuqala umbhali wesikhathi esizayo we- "War ne Salamandra" wabhala ngokubambisana noJosef. Abafowethu babenomusa kakhulu, bendawonye ehamba eCzech Republic, eJalimane naseFrance, babhala ama-Essay ahamba ndawonye.
Ngemuva kokuthola iziqu eyunivesithi ePrague Chappec isikhathi esithile wasebenza ne-worbiner kanye nomtapo wezincwadi. E-Biography of the Writer ayikho inkonzo yezempi, njengoba uKareli evela ebusheni bakhe baphawula isifo sofuba. Kusukela ngo-1917, umbhali waba yintatheli ejwayelekile yemidiya yaseCzech ethandwa kakhulu - iphephandaba lokuqala "likazwelonke", bese "iGazethi Yabantu".
Izincwadi
I-Desivil Carare Chapeca ihlanganisa cishe zonke izinhlobo zemibhalo: Umlobi wePeru ungowama-feruiles kanye nama-eseyi, izindaba kanye nezinganekwane, amanoveli kanye nokuhumusha kwamavesi amavesi abalobi baseYurophu. Kepha okulotshwe kakhulu kwadume nge-satiri, i-playwright kanye nomlobi wemisebenzi yezenhlalo.
Idrama ka-Chapeca isiphenduke isisekelo se-repertoire yePrague "Theatre emaphethelweni", etholakala enhlokodolobha yaseCzechoslovakia, "Ithuluzi leMacrofulosa" - I-Macrofulosa Ithuluzi "- Indima enkulu lapho uLudmila Udlalwe iGurchenko, ubizwa ngokuthi "imfihlo yentsha yakhe").
Ama-Fakeca nama-aphorisms we-chapecA ahlanzwa ngezingcaphuno. Umlobi wadala uhlobo lwe-microdette oluhlukile, oluvezwe kumaqoqo "ezindaba ezivela ephaketheni elilodwa" kanye "nezindaba ezivela kwelinye iphakethe." Enye yalezi zindaba, "imbongi," isitshela ngevesi, ngokungazelelwe ufakazi obheke kakhulu engozini yomgwaqo, ukubonisa okungokomfanekiso evesini yonke imininingwane yalokho okwenzekile.
Icala, elidume ngephephandaba laseChappe, lalala phansi umsebenzi we- "Gordbal", lapho amakhono ethu khona isikhundla somlobi "iqiniso eliphelele alikho" - umlando wokubulawa kokubulala umiselwe egameni lezinhlamvu ezintathu.
Engcupheni yokuziphatha okubi kwesayensi, umlobi wabhala endabeni yokuqala "R.", lapho leli phoyisa livele ngalo ukugcwaliswa kukaMfoweth 'uJosef, futhi empini nge-salamanders ". I-Salamandras ekuchazeni kwe-chapeca yiyona ehlakaniphile yezidalwa, ekugcineni indawo yokugcina indawo. Emibizeni enolaka enolaka, izici zika-Adolf Hitler nabangane bakhe bathathwe ngokusobala.
Izinganekwane ze-Chapeca Fairy azibhekiswenga ezilalelini zezingane kuphela. "Inganekwane ephathelene nomsila wezinja", lapho umlobi kungathi uchaza umdlwane isidingo sokunciphisa "inqubo enobuhlakani", ukufunda okuhehayo kanye nezingane, kanye nabantu abadala. Emibhalweni emincane ye-prosaic enezinhlamvu zemilingo ze-chapek ezikhuphukayo, zijwayele umlobi kusukela ebuntwaneni (ngakho-ke, ethafeni "nge-tald mayelana namanzi" avele ahamba ngezinyawo, ukusakazwa kweRadudchi kanye nomfula ongaphezulu).
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ekuqaleni kwawo 20s, uKarel waba abangane nomlingisi ngu-Olga Shainpflugovaya, indodakazi yesihleli samaphephandaba, lapho iKhareki isebenza khona. Unkosikazi ka-Olga waba ngunkosikazi ka-Olga kuphela ngo-1935, lapho lesi sifo, sihlushwa umbhali iminyaka eminingi, sabonakala sibuye sabuyiselwa. Imininingwane mayelana nezinye izinto zokuzilibazisa zendoda nokuba khona kwezingane akunayo: Impilo yomuntu siqu kaKarel ayizange ikhangise.
Ukuphela kothando lomlobi, ngaphezu kwezincwadi, kwakuyisithombe. Iqiniso Elijabulisayo: Umsebenzi oshicilelwe kakhulu eCzech esikhathini esiphakathi kwezimpi kwakuyincwadi kaChapeka "Dasha, noma umlando wempilo ye-puppy", equkethe isithombe soMbhali oqondisiwe, owenziwa ngumlobi.
UKarel wadala iCzechoslovak Pen-Club, enobungane noMongameli wokuqala weCzechoslovakia Tomash Masarik, izingxoxo ezimbili zezincwadi ezimbili. Ukuba yi-yorym anti-faculist, ngokungafani nabantu abaningi ababephila ngesikhathi, abakwazanga ukubheka amabhulukwe akhe, babalekela i-komsomol, "ngoba imibono yezenhlalo yezenhlalo (imibono yezepolitiki yombhali yachazwa ku-athikili" ). Ngaphambi nje kokushona kukaKarel Chapek wazithola esekwehlukanisweni kwezepolitiki.
Ukushona
Imininingwane mayelana nezimbangela zokufa kombhali izokwehluka: Ngokusho kwemithombo eyodwa, umlobi wonakele i-Pneumonia, wathuthukisa ngemuva kokubamba iqhaza ekuqedeni imiphumela yenhlekelele yemvelo. Ngokuvumelana nabanye, uKarel unokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
Yiba yilokho njengoba kungenzeka, ukuphela ngaphambi komsebenzi weCzechoslovakia, amabutho kaHitler asindisa umbhali we-antifascas ekuhlukunyezweni nasetsheni ejele lokuhlushwa eliwela engxenyeni yomfowethu.
Abalobi bangcwatshwe emathuneni aseduze kwe-visegradsky castle, futhi umfelokazi wafihla umlando wombhali kusuka kumaJalimane azayo. Masinyane ngemuva kokuphela kwempi edolobhaneni laseChapek abafowethu baseChapek eduze nezintaba zaseKrkonosh, umnyuziyamu onikezelwe enkumbulweni yalaba bantu wavulwa. Kamuva, kwasungulwa itshe lesikhumbuzo lapho nguJoseph noKarelu.
Amacaphuna
"Uhulumeni wezomthetho nguyena onamandla okuphezulu e-Artillery" "Abantu baye bafunda ukufunda izindaba ikakhulukazi ngoba bafunda ukufunda ngokushesha okukhulu" "impi yekoloni. Lapha, linda, ukonga okuhlabelelayo: maduze nje kuzoba yithembekile yethu ethembekile "" Duby. "Futhi ukube ubukwazi ukuthi nginezimpande enginazo!"I-Bibliography
- 1916 - "Ukujula okucwebezelayo"
- 1918 - "I-Garden Crakonosa"
- 1920 - "Robber"
- 1920 - "R.u.r"
- 1921 - "Ukuphila Kwezinambuzane"
- Ngo-1921 - "Izindaba Ezibuhlungu"
- Ngo-1922 - "Ithuluzi le-Macro"
- 1922 - "Krakatit"
- 1923 - "Izincwadi ezivela e-Italy"
- Ngo-1928 - "Ukuvuka okuyishumi nambili kwengxabano ebhaliwe"
- 1929 - "Izindaba ezivela ephaketheni elilodwa"
- 1929 - "Izindaba ezivela kwelinye ephaketheni"
- 1932 - "Izinganekwane eziyisishiyagalolunye neyodwa ngaphezu kokuvela kuJoseph Chapenca"
- Ngo-1932 - "UDasha noma Indaba Yempilo Yobusuku"
- 1933 - "I-Gordubal"
- 1934 - Meteor
- Ngo-1934 - "Impilo Ejwayelekile"
- 1935 - "Izingxoxo nge-T.G. Masarik "
- 1936 - "Impi KaSalamanders"