I-Biograge
UHeinrich Heine uyimbongi yaseJalimane, umsebenzi wawo uyisibonelo sesikhathi sothando ezincwadini. UPublicast and Eggcer, wamboza izinkinga zesimanje ngesimo esikhanyayo nenhle. Ngemuva kweminyaka, abaqambi abahamba phambili bomhlaba badale umculo ngezinkondlo izinkondlo futhi bazana nomsebenzi weHeine ngokusiza izingoma.Ubuntwana nentsha
Igama eligcwele lombhali lingamaKristu uJohann Heinrich Heine. Umfana wazalwa ngoDisemba 13, 1797 eDusseldorf emndenini wamaJuda futhi wayeyizibulo ezinganeni ezi-4. Ubaba kaHeine, uSamson, ukuhweba kwezimboni esifundeni saseRhine. Umama kaBetty wakhulisa izingane, kepha wayenesifiso semisebenzi kaJean-Jacques Rousseau futhi akhombise ukwakheka okukhulu. Wayeyithanda indodana yakhe futhi enakekela ikusasa lomfana. UBetty wabona ummeli wakhe, ochwepheshe noma okujwayelekile, kepha isiphetho sikaHeine Junior sasihlukile.
Iminyaka yezingane yomfana yawa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwaseFrance. Ngalesi sikhathi, inkululeko yachuma eYurophu, futhi izitayela zemfashini zathola impendulo ekubukeni komhlaba wonke. Lapho eneminyaka engu-13, uHeinrich wangena eLorceum yamaKatolika. Ngo-16, waba ngumsizi ehhovisi lesibhengezo saseFrankfurt, kodwa kwaphela ukuthi le nkambu yomsebenzi yayingenandaba naye. Lapho-ke abazali bathumela indodana eHamburg, lapho umfana waqonda khona u-Aza we-Merchant ngaphansi kogada umalume wezezimali uSolomoni.
Ngo-1818, uHenry waphathisa ukuphathwa kwenkampani encane. Wehlulekile ukwehluleka, hhayi umuzwa kuma-akhawunti we-accounting. Ngasikhathi sinye, uHeine waqala ukuxhumana nezihlobo zikanina. Umalume uSimon Geldern wabona ukuthi usomabhizinisi ngeke akhishwe kumshana womshana, futhi wamsekela ngesifiso sokungena eBonn University. UHeinrich waphonsa kwisayensi yokusiza abantu, funda ngemisebenzi yamaCervantes futhi ushesha futhi akacabangi impilo ngaphandle kwezincwadi. Wayenesifiso esiningi eFoundlore, eyaboniswa emibhalweni eyadale ngemuva kwalokho.
UHeine wangena kwi-Faculty of University of Bonn, futhi ngokushesha wadluliselwa e-University of Göttingen. Ngemuva konyaka, kube kancane ngenxa kaDule, uHenry wakhishwa. Iminyaka yakhe yabafundi yaphawulwa amakhithi kanye nokufika, kepha le nsizwa ayikhohlwanga ngentshiseko kwisayensi. Ngo-1821, waba ngumfundi we-University of Berlin.
Lo mfowethu wahambela ama-salon futhi wawazi umphakathi we-Germany. E-University of Heine, walalela inkambo yefilosofi yenkolo evela eGeorge Hegel, izindaba zango-Agasti zeSchlegel. Lawa makhosi enza imibono yakhe. Ukuvikeleka koMfundi kwaqhutshwa eGöttingen.
Ngo-1825, wathola isihloko sikadokotela. Ukuthola idiploma, uHeine waphoqeleka ukuba wamukele ama-Lutheranis, ngoba amaJuda ayengenawo amadokhumenti ahambisanayo. Kepha bekungasho ukuthi imbongi yahlelwa ngemibono yakhe.
Umsuka we-Heine wabangela okuhlangenwe nakho okuningi emphefumulweni wakhe. Wabuka, njengoba amaJuda ethola amalungelo amakhulu ngesikhathi somsebenzi waseFrance, kunokuba ayenalo ngaphambili. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngemuva kokuvela kwamasosha asePrussian esifundeni saseRhine, konke kwabuya emibuthanweni, futhi imiyalo enobuntu yenqabile indawo. Ukulingana kwamaJuda, okwaqala phakathi noNapoleon, kwabhujiswa, futhi kwabonakala ngezinkondlo zeHeine.
Ukudala
Imisebenzi yokuqala yeHeine, enyatheliswa ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa e-University of Berlin, yaba "Maur" Ballad, Minnezinger, "ebusuku obubi". Kepha nangaphambi kwalokho, umbhali waqala ukudala izingoma ngothando. Amavesi akhe anikezelwa umzala ka-Amalia, lapho uHenry Putal ayengenjalo. Ngo-1817, lo magazini "Hamburg Guard" waphrinta ezinye zazo, kwathi ngo-1820 iqoqo lemisebenzi "yokuhlupheka kobusha" yaphuma.
Ngo-1821, uHenrich Heine waqala ukunikela izinkondlo zokushicilelwa ephephandabeni, kodwa zazinganakwa izilaleli nabagxeki. UHeinrich wayeyimbongi esebenza kanzima futhi wasebenza ngokungakhathali. Maduze nje izinhlekelele "ratcliffe" ne- "almanzor" zashicilelwa. Ukuqoqwa kwezinkondlo "I-Lyrical Intermezzo" yaheha isifiso somphakathi obhaliwe kuHeine. Izinkondlo zakhe zichaze izinkinga zenhlalo. Ukubhikisha ngokumelene nokucindezelwa kwabaJuda nokucindezelwa kwamaJuda kwabonakaliswa emsebenzini wobuciko.
Abagxeki babuqine kuHenrich, ngakho-ke wanquma ukushiya lo muzi waya e-Arabia, kodwa empeleni ngaya eCuxagen. Ngemuva kwalokho wavakashela eHamburg, eLuneburg, eBöttingen. Iphuzu lokugcina lohambo kwakunguHarz. Ngalesi sikhathi, uHeine wahlangana noJohann Goethe. Ngo-1825, imbongi yaqeda izifundo zakhe eyunivesithi, idlula ezivivinyweni zokugcina, futhi yaba udokotela wezesayensi ezingokomthetho ze-3. Wasuka eHamburg, lapho aqhubeka khona nemibhalo yakhe ebhaliwe.
Imibhalo yombhali osemusha isikhathi eside yahlala ngaphandle kokunakwa. Impumelelo yokuqala enkulu yafika ku-Heine ngo-1826, lapho ukukhanya kubona amanothi akhe okuhamba "esuka eGrey". Ngemuva kwalokho "izithombe izithombe" nomjikelezo "ubuyela eMbhoshongo" waphuma, kwathi ngo-1827 - "Incwadi Yezingoma", ehlanganisa imisebenzi yokuqala. Baleur Romantic, incazelo ecashile yemizwa nemizwa yahambisa izilaleli. Umongo owuchaze wona okwakuzokwenzeka, wanqoba abafundi.
Ngo-1827, uHeine uthole isimemo kumhleli weposi wephephandaba "ama-Annals ezepolitiki" eMunich. Isigamu sonyaka ubudala, imbongi yachitha kuleli dolobha yahamba yaya e-Italy, lapho akhuphuka khona umyalezo ngokufa kukayise. UHeinrich waphoqeleka ukuthi abuyele eHamburg, lapho anyathelisa khona umjikelezo wesithathu woMjikelezweni we- "Travel Paintings" futhi wanquma ukuthuthela eParis. Ngawo-1830s, kwakukhona udlame enhlokodolobha yaseFrance. Lapha, inguquko yayisenzeka ngokuphelele, eyayizwa i-HeIne ngomqondo wakhe.
Kuthunyelwe ngo-1831 incwadi ethi "New Spring" egagasi lemfashini ngaleso sikhathi efudukayo, imbongi ilungisiwe eParis. EFrance, waletha ukujwayelana noHector Berlioz noFerreric Chopin, ishidi leFerrenia kanye neTeophyl Gautier, u-Alexander Duma-Senior kanye nezinye izibalo zamasiko. Ukucindezelwa kwabagxeki nokubalwa kwabantu, okungokwemvelo eJalimane, bekunganamandla lapha. Imbongi yashicilelwa ngesiFulentshi nangesiJalimane. Ishicilelwe "ubusuku beFlorentine", "School Romantic" neminye imisebenzi yombhali.
Ngemuva kokushintsha indawo yokuhlala, imbongi idale uchungechunge lwezihloko ezihlangene "kumacala aseFrance", kwathi ngo-1834 enyathelisiwe umsebenzi "ngomlando, inkolo nefilosofi yaseJalimane", kususelwa ezinkulumweni zayo. Ngenxa yokubonisana komlobi ngezinga lenkululeko engokwenkolo ye-nazareyan nase-Ellinov, umsebenzi wabangela ukungamukeleki komphakathi.
Ngalesi sikhathi, uGane waqala ubunzima bezimali. Waphoqeleka ukuba asebenzise izibonelelo ezifudukayo. Lesi simo esibuhlungu sasiyinkontileka nomshicileli uJulius Camp, ngokusho kwawo amalungelo emisebenzi yenkondlo enikezwe ikhasimende. Usizo oluvela kuMalume Solomoni lukulungisele ngandlela thile lesi simo, kepha uHeine wahola impilo yakhe. Imbongi enobunzima ithule, yize engashiyi umsebenzi.
Indawo yokuhlala ezweni lomunye umuntu yanikezwa ngalesi sikhathi ngobunzima. Ngothando olukhethekile lwezwe laseMotherland, imbongi yabhala le nkondlo "Germany. Inganekwane yasebusika. " UTosca emfucumfucweni wenza ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kugcwalise kabusha i-bibliography of Heine Peem "Silesian Weaves", okwaba nikeza umsolwa ekuvukeleni kwabasebenzi. Ukubukwa kwezepolitiki akuzange kumvumele ukuba abuyele ekhaya.
EFrance, iqoqo lezinkondlo elibizwa ngokuthi "okuhlukile" lishicilelwe, kwathi ngo-1840 umlobi wakhipha incwadi ethi "eBern". Ngo-1842, kwanyathelisa inkondlo "Atta Trol", ngo-1844 - Iqoqo "izinkondlo ezintsha". Ngalesi sikhathi, kwafa umalume uSolomoni, owafa ifa lomshana wama-fransch ayizinkulungwane eziyi-8. Ngo-1851, bakhipha incwadi yokugcina yePychs Geene - "I-Romservo". Ngesikhathi umbhali eholele emsebenzini "Memoirs" wakhe, owaqala ukubhala ngawo-1840.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
I-biinrich heineinehiry heine yayihlotshaniswa nezincwadi, futhi igqozi, njenganoma yimuphi umbhali, baletha uthando nemizwa etholwa yilokho okwenzeka ngaye. Ukwakha uthando lwezingoma kule minyaka yobusha wadotshwa yindodakazi kaMalume uSolomoni, amalia. Imizwa yomzala yayingeyona intombi, intombazane ishada nomthengisi kunenhliziyo kaHennich.
Ngo-1835, uHeine wajwayelana nomkakhe wesikhathi esizayo u-Engheni Peace Cresan, uMatilda afonele. Umhlaba wawungaphandle kwabafana, bebengazi ukuthi angafunda futhi abhale kanjani okungenangqondo ngokulwa nesizinda sothisha weHeine. Abathandi babehlala emshadweni wamahhala. UHeine wayazisa i-naivety nobuntu be-matilda, wamhlela endlini yezinsizwa yamantombazane ukuqeqeshwa futhi wahambela isithandwa sakhe, ejabule ngisho nempumelelo encane.
Umshado phakathi kweHeine nezwe kwaqedwa ngo-1941. Abangani bebengaqondi ukuthi uHeinrich angazibopha kanjani ngowesifazane obonakalayo, kodwa umlobi wathembeka kumkakhe, njengaye. Imbongi yayijabule empilweni yakhe evela emhlabeni, kepha izingane emshadweni wazo aziveli.
Ngonyaka ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uCamilla Serden wafika kuye, fan of the resurity the poet, eyakhe izinsuku zokugcina zempilo yakhe. UHeinrich wathandana, kepha akazange ahlukane nomkakhe.
Ukushona
Ngo-1846, uHenry Heine ushaye ukukhubazeka komgogodla. Embongi ka-1848 okokugcina okokugcina wahamba emoyeni omusha, wabe esengumbhede, owabizwa ngokuthi "ithuna lamatilaseli". Ngesikhathi lesi sifo, abangane bakhe bamvakashela: U-Onor de Balzac, uGeorges Sand, uRichard Wagner. Isihlobo somugqa womama sasisendlini yakhe kanye nesazi sefilosofi uKarl Marx, ngobudlelwano naye obungasoli isikhathi eside. I-theoretical of Communism, imidwebo yakhe kanye nezingcaphuno ihlobisa izincwadi zomlando, zivakashele uHeinrich ezinsukwini zokugcina.
UHeine wagcina ingqondo phakathi nokuboshwa kwendlu futhi waqhubeka nokusebenza. Umlingani wamnakekela kuze kube nguFebhuwari 17, 1856. Imbangela yokufa kwembongi yayiyisifo eside. Wangcwatshwa emathuneni aseMontmartra. UMatilda ushone eminyakeni engama-27. Ngokungafani nokwabashade, ukufa kwakhe kwakubuhlungu, umhlaba wafa ngenxa yokushaya impilo ngaso leso sikhathi.
Amacaphuna
"Luyini uthando? Lokhu kuyizinyo enhliziyweni. "" Akunandaba ukuthi impi embi kangakanani, namanje ithola ubukhulu bokomoya bomuntu ophonsela inselelo isitha sakhe esinamandla sefa - ukufa. "" Uthando! Lokhu kuphakanyiswe kakhulu futhi kunqotshwe ngazo zonke izinkanuko! Kepha amandla akhe awela wonke alele ekuphaneni okungenamkhawulo, ngokuzuzisa okucishe kube phesheya. "" Into emangalisayo! Ngazo zonke izikhathi, ama-villains azama ukufihla izenzo zawo ezimbi ngokuzinikela izintshisekelo zenkolo, isimilo nothando lwezwe. "I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1820 - "Ukuhlupheka Kwentsha"
- Ngo-1824 - "Loreley"
- Ngo-1826 - "Ukuya eHarz"
- Ngo-1827 - "Incwadi Yezingoma"
- Ngo-1827 - "INyakatho KaLwandle"
- Ngo-1834 - "Okomlando, inkolo kanye nefilosofi yaseJalimane"
- Ngo-1841 - "Atta Trol"
- Ngo-1844 - "Germany. Ingane ebusika "
- Ngo-1844 - "Izinkondlo Ezintsha"
- Ngo-1851 - "Romservo"