I-Biograge
Ubuciko obukhulu be-Russian ballet akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngaphandle komdansi odumile u-Anna Pavlova. I-PRIMA ye-Mariinsky Theatre eyenziwe esigabeni saseRussia iminyaka eyishumi, yabe isiba amasiko aqhubekayo esikole Sikazwelonke, ethula ukuthula nemisebenzi ye-Corograph Fokina evelele uMikhail Fokina.
Kuyo yonke impilo, uPavlova wanikeza umdanso ukwedlula noma yimuphi wabaphikwethu. I-monalogue ye-monalogue "efayo" iminyaka eminingi isiphenduke ikhadi lebhizinisi le-ballerina futhi isabhekwa njengento engenakuqhathaniswa futhi ehlukile yobuciko obuhle be-Russian.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Umlando wokuzalwa kuka-Anna Matterevna Pavlova akaqondakali futhi uyamangalisa. Ngokusho kwamarekhodi asemthethweni, i-future ballerina yesikhathi esizayo yazalwa ngoFebhuwari 12, 1881 esibhedlela samasosha eSt. Kodwa-ke, kwakukhona amahemuhemu athi u-Ana ayeyindodakazi engekho emthethweni yasebhange lobuzwe bamaJuda, abangazange babone ububele ngenxa yesikhundla esiphakeme emphakathini.
Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi nokuzalwa, intombazane yachitha iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe nonina eSt. Petersburg, yabe isithuthela edolobhaneni laseLigovo, endlini kagogo emugqeni kagogo. Ukuhlala omoya omusha osenyakatho waqinisa impilo ka-Ani, futhi uLyubov Fedorovna waqala ukuthatha indodakazi yakhe eSt. Petersburg.
Kokunye kwalokhu kuvakashelwa, uPavlova wawela enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi kwi-ballet "Ubuhle obulele". Ukuba sembhedeni nezinye izingane, ngentshiseko intombazane yabamba konke ukunyakaza kwabaculi nasekupheleni kokusebenza kusho ukuthi ufuna ukudansa nje njengenkosazana aurora.
Umama wabheka ukuthi ukukhula kanye nesisindo sendodakazi kufanelekile impela kwi-choreography, futhi kwaholela intombazane eneminyaka engu-8 kuye ekuhlolweni kokungena esikoleni se-ballet. Kusukela okokuqala bekungenzeki, kepha u-Ana waqhubeka nokuzama, kwathi ngo-1891 ekugcineni wamukele.
Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokufunda, uPavlova wazama ukuba ngcono ekilasini. Ukuqeqeshwa ngehora lesi-8 ngosuku, wazuza ukubamba iqhaza enkulumweni emndenini wasebukhosini, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka engu-7 waphothula esikoleni saseshashalathi we-Imperial.
Insimbi eyalweni
Ngo-1999, uPavlov wayisa eToroute yeMariinsky Theatre futhi wathuma amaqembu amancane ngokushesha emikhiqizweni eminingana edumile yeBalletmister uMarius Petius, phakathi kwabo "ubuqotho be-camargo". Ngokushesha igama elithi u-Anna livele kwizikweletu zamaphosta, phakathi kwabanye abaculi, i-Corsair "ne-" Pahita ", bese kuba nomdansi onethalente athola isihloko se-ballerina kanye ne-pair ebabazekayo ebabazekayo .
UMikhail Fokin wenza kaninginingi i-duet nePavlova futhi, abe ngumdwebi wezithelo, waqhubeka nokubambisana okuthelayo, ebeka ubuciko obuningi be-runnet yaseRussia umlingani, njengomvini "ofayo" kanye nenvini "yomvini".
Ngenxa yalokhu kudansa, u-Ana wamukelwa futhi kusukela ngo-1908 wayehlala esendleleni. Wabamba iqhaza ekukhiqizweni kwe- "Sylphide" kanye ne- "Cleopatra", ebanjwe ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe- "Russian Season" eFrance, wabe eqhubeka nephrojekthi ngamadolobha aseJalimane, eBelgium, eNgilandi namanye amazwe aseYurophu. Lesi sithombe esinomfanekiso womsebenzi wePavlova womculi uValentina Serov kungekudala ngemuva kokuba isikhubekiso saba isifanekiselo soMkhosi esihlelwe usomabhizinisi odumile uSergey Dyagilev.
Ngo-1910, uBallerina washiya ama-mariins futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi eboshele izinkontileka ezimele zokubukwa komuntu ngamunye. U-Anna wenze iqembu elikhulu eGiselle eLondon kwathi inyanga edansa esiteji seNew York Metropolitan Opera.
Ngokuhambisana nohambo lwePavlov, ngosizo lomdansi waseMelika, u-Adolf, isibhedlela sahlela owakhe i-troupe, ephindweni lawo malivets "amahhashi" e-Ivan Armmemeimermer kanye noMthetho wesi-2 Ichibi uPeter Tchaikovsky.
Kamuva, i-Prima yaqala ukubeka amakamelo alo, okwakuthokozela impumelelo, eqhathaniswa ne "Swan" kanye "nomdanso weFokina owayesembozwe abayisikhombisa. Kuyathakazelisa iqiniso lokuthi iBallerina liphefumule hhayi ozakwethu kuphela kanye nabahlali besisu, kodwa futhi futhi. Igama labakhiqizi bekhekhe lePavlova elibizwa ngokuthi yi-Air Dessert, lemivuli yakhe yayingumunyu, ifana nepakethe, nezithelo ezintsha.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1920, uSlava Anna nethimba laso badlula ezwenikazi laseYurophu, lapho umkhiqizi waseRussian-Amelika ohlelwe e-United States, wabe esevumelana ngomsebenzi eNdiya.
Emva kwalokho, uPavlova waba yinganekwane ephilayo, ababefuna ukuyibona kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba. Esikhathini esizayo ngo-1922 kuya ku-1929, inkanyezi yahlonipha ukuba khona kwakhe izigcawu ezinhle kakhulu zaseJapan, China, Egypt, Australia naseNew Zealand. Ngesikhathi sohambo, iBallerina yavakashela izikole zomdanso futhi yahlola ikhono lomfundi. Ngibonga u-Anne, umlingisi odumile, i-ballerina kanye ne-colographrafy Tamara Tumanova uthole ithuba lokuya endaweni enkulu futhi enze umsebenzi weqembu le-rullen e-monte carlo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
U-Anna Pazlova, phakathi kwamashumi eminyaka, izinkundla zemidlalo emihle kakhulu zomhlaba ezivaliwe esiteji, empilweni yakhe uqobo kwakungumuntu ongathandeki. I-Ballerina yokuqala evikelekile abalandeli abaphikelele ngosuku futhi bazenza izipho ezibizayo. Kodwa-ke, ozakwabo be-troupe kwesinye isikhathi babona intombazane phakathi kwe-Aristocrat Viktor Dandre ecebile.
Umfundisi ofundile, onomdlandla, washeshe wancibilika inhliziyo yobuhle obungenakuvimbela futhi kufanele bafanelwe ilungelo lokuba yilowo nalowo amsizi nalo. Isikhundla esiphakeme soMeluleki weSenate asikuvumeli ubudlelwano obusha ukuba bube bucayi. I-Halp Young yasusa i-ballerina efulethini eline-Dance Hall enkabeni yeSt. Petersburg ukushintshana ngesibopho sokuhambisana naye emphakathini.
UPavlova wabona uzwela lweViktor, kodwa ekujuleni komphefumlo, ngangiqonda ukuthi wayengeke abe ngumfazi wommeleli wokukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, iBallerina yalahla impilo ye-chic yashiya umvikeli, ikhetha inkululeko ekhejini legolide. Ngaleso sikhashana, lapho u-Ana ehlupheka kakhulu kuzo zonke izizungu, uMikhail Fokin wavela empilweni yakhe, umqondisi womdanso odumile "ofayo. I-BalletMAster baphefumula amabutho amasha empini enesifiso futhi baba ngomunye wabantu abambalwa abasePavlova.
Ekugcineni ukutakula isibonelo samaMariins asize ukuvakasha kwangaphandle, lapho ahlangana khona nomqambi waseFrance uKamil Saint-sansom futhi wahlangana nomlingisi omkhulu we-active movie chaplie chaplin. Nge-Pavlova yokugcina, ezothando ze-pluto ahlulekile, ezikhule ebunganeni obuzinikele, bathumba izithombe ezingokomgcini.
Lapho i-ballerina ithola udumo lomhlaba futhi yaba ngowesifazane ocebile, wazinza phesheya, kepha akazange ayeke ukuphupha injabulo elula yabantu. Imicabango yakhe ibuyela kwalezo zashiyela ezweni lakubo uViktor Dandra.
Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho uSergey Dyagilev asungulwa eParis yaseshashalazini yomdanso waseRussia, lesi sikhulu sangena esimweni esinzima sezimali futhi, ngaphandle kokukhokhela izikweletu, sasisejele. Njengoba ufunde ngezinkinga zalowo owayengumuntu owayengumuntu wangaphambili, uPavlova wonakele ubudlelwano neminyaka eminingi yozakwethu futhi wasayina inkontileka enenzuzo nabamele i-ejensi yakwamanye amazwe "Braff".
Ngemuva kokuthola imali edingekayo, iBallerina yakhokhela izikweletu zaseDundra futhi, enquma ukuthi wayengeke aphile ngaphandle kwalo muntu, akhishwe ngaphambili owake waba yi-AristoCrat eParis. UVictor wafika lapho kubizwa ngoPavlova futhi, ngokwemithombo ethile, ngo-1911, ngasese washada naye.
UPavlova wathenga ifa lokunethezeka e-UK futhi wahlela i-troupe yakhe, waba ngumnikazi wethiyetha laseChamber eLondon. Yonke imisebenzi ekhaya yenza umyeni wakhe, ngakho-ke u-Ana wayengakhathaleli lutho futhi azinikele ebuqambi.
Kodwa-ke, ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, imizwa ye-ballerina eya eDundra yaqala ukuphela: wahlala phansi amahlazo, washaya izitsha wakhala. UVictor wasabela kumaHystercy ozolile, ngoba wabonga ngobuqotho nangokuthanda u-Ana. Esikhundleni sokuthola kunkosikazi ongazinzile ngokwengqondo, wasiza ezindabeni zenhlangano futhi wahlanganyela ekuqashweni nasekuxosheni abaculi. Ngakho-ke lo mbhangqwana wawuhlala ndawonye kuze kube sekufeni okungalindelekile kaPavlova ngo-1931.
Ukushona
UPavlova, owaba impahla yezwe, wayefuna ukubuya futhi adanse impilo yakhe yonke. Kodwa-ke, isiphetho sasingathokozingokuthi iphupho likaBallerina lagcwaliseka. NgoJanuwari 1931, u-Anna wahamba evakashele eHague futhi, esehlanganiswe esitimeleni, wazizwa engenampilo. Leli hhotela lithole ukuthi inkanyezi yaseRussia yayibanda futhi, ngokusho kozakwabo, yahlushwa ukuwa kwamakhoba, okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokubopha okubukhali.
Udokotela uthole uketshezi emaphashini esiguli futhi welulekwa ukuthi aqhube ngokuphuthumayo ukuhlinzwa. Ngethemba lokukhipha izinsolo, umyeni kaBallerina wamema udokotela weNdlovukazi yaseNetherlands, owavuma ukutholwa okutholakele futhi kwaqinisekisa isidingo sokuhlinzwa.
Ngenxa yalokho, uPavlova wabeka ishubhu yokudonsa amanzi, kepha isikhathi sasiphuthelwe. IBallerina yalahlekelwa ukuqaphela futhi yavusa kanye kuphela ukubheka isudi ebabazekayo ye-Swan efayo.
UPavlova washona kude nePurita ngoJanuwari 23, 1931, futhi ukuhamba kwakhe kwaba yinganekwane enhle eyayihlose abalandeli abaningi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, odokotela abakhona noVictor Dundra bachaza umlando wokufa kwe-ballerina enkulu, kodwa akubalulekile. Into esemqoka ukuthi umhlaba ulahlekelwe "i-swan" edume futhi ngeke ambone esiteji.
Ngemuva kwenhlekelele, abalandeli kanye nomphakathi bagcizelele ukuthi uPavlov kumele angcwatshwe emathuneni kaPer-Lashhesis eduze kwethuna lomunye umdansi odumile uMariya TAloni. Kodwa-ke, umyeni walandela ukubulawa kwentando yokugcina yeBallerina eyayifisa ukushiswa ngokomunye wama-rites amadala amaNdiya.
Ukukhumbula
Ukufa kukaPavlova kwaba yinhlekelele ebuntwini. Kuze kube namuhla, abadansi abaningi abadumile kanye namaphephabhuku bezincwadi banikela ngosuku olukhulu lwaseRussia.Isithombe sika-Anna sikufa kuma-field - ama-biografikhi omqondisi we-moldavia u-Emil Lotyan, kanye nezincwadi eziningi zezazi-mlando zobuciko kanye nama-ballesters of norre sokolova no-Andrei Sokolova-Kaminsky.
Repertoire
- Ngo-1902 - "Bayaderka"
- 1903 - "Giselle"
- 1906 - "Umvini"
- Ngo-1907 - "Ukufa Swan"
- Ngo-1907 - "Sevika"
- Ngo-1907 - "Shopenian"
- 1908 - Ama-Trestrators Night
- 1909 - "Dragonfly"
- 1909 - "" Butterfly "
- Ngo-1909 - "California Mac"
- 1913 - "Amadodakazi ayisikhombisa eNkosi Yezintaba"