I-Biograge
Umlingani we-Emperor Alexander I, elizabeth alekseevnana Romanova, wabiza i- "MEEK ALD." Phakathi kwamahlaya angapheli eNkantolo enkulu, uMbusi akazange azinike izitha. Lapho abakwaSucembrist behlela ukuqeda abamele igama lokugcina lika-Agasti, babeyimfuneko yokungavikeleki kwayo yonke i-Empress ehlonishwayo. U-Elizabeth waphila iminyaka engama-47, ngaphandle kokunikeza uMbusi Wezindlalifa, kodwa washiya inkumbulo enhle ngaye.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-Empress yesikhathi esizayo yabizwa lapho ngizalwa yiLouise Maria Tomb, wazalelwa emndenini kaHedge Baden Prince uCharles Ludwig nonkosikazi wakhe base-Amalia, uPrincess Hesse-Darmstadt. Ingqikithi yombhangqwana ilethe izingane eziyisishiyagalombili, uLouise we-Seepeofdening wayengowesithathu. Singasho ukuthi lo mndeni ulethe omakoti abaseYurophu.
Le ntombazane yazalwa ngo-1779 futhi yaba buthakathaka futhi ibe buhlungu, eyayiphefumulela ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngempilo yakhe. Inhlala-kahle yomndeni yayinesizotha, esingazange iphatheze inqaba kanye nokufudumala kobudlelwano. Ukukhuliswa kanye nemfundo yezingane kwanikezwa isikhathi esiningi: Babekhuluma ngezilimi ezinkulu zaseYurophu, bafunda izincwadi eziningi, babenolwazi lwefilosofi, izincwadi kanye nesayensi yemvelo.
Ngo-1790, i-Empress Empress yaseRussia ikhathazeke kakhulu ngesiphetho somzukulu wakhe amthandayo, uGule Dluke Alexander, futhi waqala ukumfuna umkakhe. Amakhosazana ama-Baden abonakala efanelekile, futhi wamema odade ababili, uLouise noFrederick, eSt. Petersburg. Umbusi wesikhathi esizayo wanikezwa ukhetho, futhi wamisa endalini. Le ntombazane yayiphakeme njengokuphakama nokuzikhandla, futhi yahlukaniswa ngemikhuba enobungozi kanye nekhono lokuzigcina emphakathini.
Ngesikhathi somhlangano, owenzeka ngo-1792, u-Alexander akakaze abe neminyaka eyi-15, futhi uMlobokazi wayesemncane kuneMinyaka emi-2. Noma kunjalo, ngoMeyi 1973, wahlanganyela, futhi umcimbi womshado wenzeka ekwindla. Umgubho wathatha amasonto amabili, ehambisana nama-balas kanye nezicishamlilo.
Ngaphambi kokuba i-hub, uLuthere uLouise wamukela ama-Orthodoxy futhi wamukela igama elizabeth. Indlovukazi yesikhathi esizayo yasheshe yafunda isiRussia, kepha namanje ihamba ngendlu ngobukhulu bempilo yesigodlo. Kepha wamthanda ngobuqotho umyeni wakhe osemusha futhi wanamathela kuye, futhi wawazisa kakhulu ubuhle nobuhle ngokomoya lomkakhe.
Indikimba Ebusayo
Ikhasi elibalulekile le-biography ka-Elizabeth Alekseevna kwakuwusuku lokuqothuka kuka-Alexander I: Septhemba 15, 1801, waba yi-Russian Empress. Kodwa-ke, omunye umuntu wesifazane wadlala indima eholayo enkantolo - umama we-Emperor Maria Fedorovna. Ngesikhathi sokubusa komyeni wakhe, abamnene nabasebusi abahle bazama ukusiza abampofu futhi baphucwa. Wabelana nabantandane futhi wanakekela isikole, ikakhulukazi, i-Tsarskoyel Lycebe, eyaphumelela i-Alexander Pushkin.
Lapho impi iqala ngoNapoleon, ekugcineni ukuphela kwangempela kwaba nomuzwa wokuthi iRussia yaba yizwe lakubo. Owesifazane onenkuthavu waqala ukusiza imindeni yabaphathi abafile. Uhlele umphakathi wokuthanda izwe okhiphe izinzuzo, wanakekela iziguli futhi walimala, wahlela izintandane.
Ngemuva kokunqoba empini ka-Elizabeth, wahamba nomyeni wakhe onqobayo - umyeni wakhe wohambo waya eYurophu, futhi nomaphi lapho wahlangana khona nokuhlonipha. Ngo-1813, u-Alexander ngivumele umngane womshado ukuba ahambe aye eJalimane, lapho ahlala khona iminyaka engaba mibili embuthanweni womndeni wakhe othandekayo.
Isikhathi sangemva kwempi saba ngombusi uvivinyo: Washiswa umbusi wombuso. Ngasikhathi sinye, wahlukunyezwa unembeza ngokuhlangana kokwakha uzungu lokulwa nobaba nokwesaba ukuthi uzobhekana nekusasa elifanayo. U-Elizabeth wabheka umsebenzi wakhe wokuxhasa umyeni wakhe, naphezu kweziphazamiso zomuntu siqu, aqongelele eminyakeni edlule yempilo yomndeni.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Kakade ngiba ngumkakhe u-Alexander I, u-Elizabeth waxhumana nalokhu okumangazayo nokukhuthaza impilo yenkosikazi. Intandokazi yokugcina yamazinyo ka-Catherine II Platon yabeka amehlo akhe kwinkosazana encane futhi yamlandela ngokulangazelela. Akazange sicashe emyeni wakhe, kepha oshade naye osemusha akazange anikeze isizathu sokungabaza ukuthembeka kwakhe.
Kodwa-ke, impilo yomuntu siqu ka-Alexander uqobo yayinesivunguvungu. Indoda inakekelwe ngobuhle enkantolo, ingakhathazeki ngemizwa elahliwe. I-autocrats yesikhathi esizayo yathandana noFreilnaria Maria Narshkin, nasezinkantolo kwayaziwa ukuthi uhlala naye njengonkosikazi wesibili. Lokhu kuxhumana kwathatha iminyaka eyi-15 futhi kwaqubuka lapho inkosikazi iqala ukuguqula obala umbusi.
U-Elizabeth Alekseevna wayazi kahle ngokuxhuma komyeni wakhe nokuthi ubheka izingane ukuba zibe yiNarryshkina. Noma kunjalo, wagcina ubuso nokubonakala kwenhlala-kahle yomndeni. Owesifazane uqobo wathola induduzo ekuxhumaneni nePrince Adamu Choria.
Inkosi yazala amadodakazi amabili, kepha bobabili abazange baphile iminyaka eyodwa nesigamu. I-Great Princess Maria (1799-1800) no-Elizabeth (1806-1808) bangcwatshwa e-Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Lapho bezalelwa uMariya endlini yombuso, ihlazo lacishe laphuka: Intombazane yayinguBrunette, futhi bobabili abazali bangama-blondes. UMeriadovna Svetrov usola umalokazana wakhe ngokuvukela umbuso, futhi egcekeni bahlebela ukuthi le ntombazane yazalwa yiPrince Charterian.
Ukungathembani kwendoda kwabenza u-Elizabeth wangena ubumfihlo, futhi ukwahlukaniswa kwabalingani bekukhula kwakhula kuphela. Ngo-1803, i-Empress ingene kwizincwadi nge-Cavalgard Officer Alexei Hunitric, futhi lokhu kuxhumana kwaphenduka inoveli ethandekayo. Igceke lalikhuluma ukuthi uyise wendodakazi yesibili wayengumthandi wenkosi. Lapho kufe ku-1806 isikhulu endlini yakhe, u-Elizabeth Alekseevna, naphezu kokuhlonishwa, waphuthuma embhedeni uyafa ukuze avalele othandekayo wakhe.
Ukugibela izingane kanye nokusinda kokuvukela umbuso, abashadikazi bahlangana. Phakathi kwabo kubusa ukuzethemba nenhlonipho, eyakwanele ngaphambili. Ezikhathini ezinzima, i-Empress ibilokhu isekela umyeni wakhe, naseminyakeni yangemva kwempi, lapho uMbusi elahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwempilo, ngokungazethembi wazenzela impilo yakhe yengqondo.
"Lapho nje nginomuzwa wokuthi usongela ingozi, ngingumbhali ngomhlobiso ngaye konke ukushisa okukwaziyo", "kubhala incwadi eya kuMama.Inkosi yaphawulaza ngokungazelele, njengoba i-chalogo yakhe ibuthakathaka, kepha nokho umfazi omuhle. Waba indlela yokubonga ngobumnene womphefumlo womlingani futhi wathola induduzo kuyo.
Ukushona
Ngo-1825, i-Empress iye yawohloka kakhulu. Waqala ukuphefumula kanzima, izinkinga ngenhliziyo zivame kakhulu. U-Elizabeth alekseevna wenqabile ukuya eYurophu, futhi i-tagathog yasolwandle yakhelwe ukungcebeleka kwezokwelapha. U-Alexander ngasebenza ngempilo yalowo oshade naye futhi washiya kusengaphambili ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, ukulungiselela indlu ukufika kwakhe.
I-Empress ayibekezelele kabuhlungu ukubekezelela umgwaqo, futhi uMewu wayevame ukumiswa. Endleleni, wabuye wathola izincwadi namanothi avela kuMbusi owethukile. U-Elizabeth wafika eTaganrog ngoSepthemba 23, 1825. Owesifazane wakujabulela ukushiya inhlokodolobha futhi aphile yedwa nomyeni wakhe.
Emavikini okugcina abamiselwe ukuchitha isikhathi, baphuma u-Idyllic: Abalingani babenesidlo sasekuseni ngaphandle kwemikhosi namasudi, base behamba ngezinyawo futhi bakhulume ngobuqotho amahora amaningi. Lesi sikhathi sokuvumelana nothando besingabizwa ngokuthi yi-honeymoon yesibili.
Kodwa-ke, ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, uMbusi wathatha umkhuhlane, futhi nsuku zonke lesi sifo sakhula kuphela. NgoNovemba 19, 1825, u-Alexander ngifele ezandleni zakhe kumkakhe. U-Elizabeth udabukisa kabi ngokufa komyeni wakhe waphupha maduze ukuze ahlangane naye ngokuphila okuphakade. Isifiso sakhe satholwa ukuba sigcwaliseke.
Lesi sifo sabamba umfelokazi eTaganrog kwezinye izinyanga eziyisithupha, futhi wayengeke akwazi ukuya emngcwabeni womyeni wakhe. I-Empress yaya eSt. Petersburg ngo-Ephreli 1826, kodwa endleleni impilo yakhe eyabiswa ngayo kuphela.
Edolobheni laseBellev, ama-90 km asuka eKaluga, wema ukulinda ukugula. Lapho, ngoMeyi 4, 1826, u-Elizabeth Alekseevna Romanova ushonile. Lapho evula imbangela yokufa, "ukuhlukaniswa kwenhliziyo" kwabizwa. Isidumbu soMbusi sangcwatshwa ngoJuni 21, ngo-1826 ePetropavlovsky Cathedral yaseSt. Petersburg, eduze komyeni wakhe. Umngcwabo wenhlangano wahambisana nolaka oludumile nobuso bendawo yonke.
I-diaries yakhe ka-Elizabeth nayo ivakashele uNikolai Karamzin, kepha amaphepha adluliselwe eMbusiseni uNicrolas Mina futhi ngemuva kwalokho washisa. Ukufa kwe-Empress kwakuzungezwe izinganekwane. Iqiniso elithandekayo kwakuyinkolelo yokuthi uMbusi awufanga, kodwa waya esigodlweni sezindela futhi wahlala lapho ngaphansi kwegama lokholo lokuthula. Kwakunenye enye inguqulo ama-minion of nicholas engabulewa ngawo ngu-Elizabeth.
Ukukhumbula
U-Elizabeth alekseevna wahlala enkumbulweni edumile ngowesifazane omuhle, owawubuhlungu futhi wahluke ngokuzinikela nangesizotha.
Ubuso be-Empress buthunjwa ezithombeni zabantu besikhathi sabantu. Yayidwetshwe ngabaculi baseYurophu (uFranz Kügelchen, uJean-Laurent Conier, u-Elizabeth Vizh Lebrene) nabadwebi baseRussia (Vladimir Borovikovsky, Aloiezia Rockstul, Peter Basin).
Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-Tsarskoil Scoulpture "Intombazane ene-jug" (1816) iphefumulelwe ngendlela. NgoMeyi 2008, kwahlelwa itshe lesikhumbuzo eBaden-Baden.
Impilo ka-Elizabeth ikhuluma e-cinema yama-cinema "Inkosazana yaseJalimane - izindawo zaseRussia", "i-Tsarist Muse", "okuwukuphela kwenoveli ye-Empress."
Ifilimu lefilimu elithi "Isihambi Esingabonakali" (1998) linikezelwe esikhathini sokuthi umndeni wasebukhosini uchithe eTaganrog. Indima kankosikazi wombusi yenziwa ngumculi wabantu u-Alla Demidov.