I-Biograge
U-Olivia de Haviland ungomunye wabalingisi abahlanzekile kakhulu ngemuva "kwe-Golden Era" Hollywood. Ngokubambisana neVivien Lee noClark Gablom, wahola iMeludrama "egqokwa umoya" ekunqobeni, wanqoba ama-statuette ayi-8 ". Manje uDe Haviland wembula kuma-laurels ezisulu zodumo.U-Olivia Mary de Khivland wazalwa ngoJulayi 1, 1916 enhlokodolobha yaseJapan - iTokyo, kepha intombazane ayihlangene nempumalanga. Abazali baka-Walter de Heviland (e-Music Ruse) bavela e-United States nase-UK, bahlangana eJapan, lapho uyise ka-Olivia esebenza njengoProfesa WesiNgisi. Umama - umlingisi.
Ngo-Okthoba 22, 1917, kwavela indodakazi yesibili emndenini - uJoan de Bovar de Heviland, edumile eCinema njengoJoan Fontaine. Ngokuzalwa kodadewabo kwakuyizakhamizi zase-United States.
Amantombazane avame ukulimaza, futhi uLilian waqinisekisa umyeni wakhe ukuthi athuthele e-United Kingdom - izwe elinesimo sezulu esifanele ngokwengeziwe. Ngo-1919 eSan Francisco, eCalifornia, u-Olivia wakhombisa i-tonsillitis, futhi uJoan walanda ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu. Umama wathatha isinqumo esinemibandela sokuhlala e-United States. Umndeni wahlala edolobhaneni laseSaratoga, amakhilomitha angama-80 eningizimu yeSan Francisco. UWalter waphonsa umkakhe nezingane futhi wabuyela eTokyo.
Odade bakhula esimweni sokudala. U-Olivia ubelokhu edlala i-ballet kusukela ngeminyaka engu-4 ubudala, u-5 wadlala upiyano, ngeminyaka engu-6 wayazi ukuthi angafunda futhi akhumbula kanjani indodana uWilliam Shakespeare ukuze athuthukise. Esikhathini sokuqala se-biography, uJoan waqala ukubiza udadewethu uLivvi. Lesi sidlaliso sahlela umlingisi wempilo.
Ngo-1922, u-Olivia wangena endaweni yokuzivocavoca endaweni. Waphumelela ezifundweni zakhe, ethanda ukufunda, wabhala izinkondlo, ukudweba. Esikoleni esiphakeme, iLet Gatos yathuthukisa ubuhlakani, idlala i-hockey otshanini, yaya embuthanweni omangalisayo futhi yaphupha ngokuba ngumfundisi wesiNgisi.
Impilo ethule yokuthula yabesifazane abathathu babhubhisa lo mlingani omusha uLilian - uGeorge Milan Fontaine. Wabalwa ngokuqinile amantombazane kunalokho wayefanelwe inzondo yawo futhi wandisa isimo emndenini.
Ngo-1933, uDe Haviland waxoshwa enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yase-Amateur, ngenkathi edlala indima enkulu ekudlaleni "Alice eWonderland". Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi - "UGenzel noGretel", "Mthengisi waseVenetian".
Uthando lwentombazane luye kudrama laholela ekungqubuzana nobaba wokutholwa. Wenqabela ukuba ahlanganyele emisebenzini yangaphandle. Lapho uFontaine ezwa ukuthi u-Olivia uthole indima enkulu esitatimendeni sesikole kuJane Austin "Ukuziqhenya nobandlululo", bese uPadcheritsa Ultimatum: yenqaba futhi uphile emhlabeni. Ukungafuni ukufingqa isikole kanye namakilasi afunda nabo, uDe Haviland wakhetha inketho yesibili.
Ngemuva kokuthola iziqu esikoleni ngo-1934, le ntombazane yangena emagqumeni aseMillers e-Auckland, eCalifornia, esifundweni sikathisha wesiNgisi.
U-Olivia akazange ayeke inkundla yemidlalo yeshashalazi. Iphrezentheshini yakhe ekwakhekeni 'kokulala ebusuku behlobo "eWilliam Shakespeare yaphawula uMqondisi wase-Austrian Max Reinhardt. Uphakamise umMelika iqhaza le-Dubler Hermia ekusebenzeni okufanayo, kodwa kwi- "Hollywood Bowle". Isonto ngaphambi kwe-premiere, abadlali abaphambili bashiye le phrojekthi, futhi iqhaza litholwe yi-Olivia eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala.
Iphefumlelwe yiReinhardt yaphakamisa uDe Haviland ukuyohamba naye ku-Tourai. Ohambweni, umqondisi uthole ukuthi i-Warner Bros. Bafuna ukudambisa ifilimu "ukulala ebusuku ehlobo". Kuyiqiniso, iqhaza likaHermia lanikezwa u-Olivia. Namanje uphupha ukuba nguthisha, le ntombazane yangabaza, kodwa ngo-1934 wasayina isivumelwano seminyaka emi-5 enenkampani yamafilimu enomholo ongama- $ 200 ngeviki.
Amafilimu
I-Premiere of the "ukulala ebusuku ehlobo" yenzeka ngo-1935. Abagxeki bathatha ifilimu epholile, kepha u-Olivia de Heviland wancoma "ukufundwa okuyiqiniso kweShakespeare".
I-warner bros. Kukholakala ukuthi ifilimu ye-adventure ngeke "badubule" ngesikhathi sokudangala okukhulu, kepha babeka engcupheni futhi bakhiphe i-Odyssey Captain "(1935). Uzakwabo ka-Olivia lapho usethwe ngaleso sikhathi wawungaziwa nge-errol flynn. Abalingisi benani bavele izikhathi eziyi-8 ndawonye kuhlaka. "I-Odyssey Captain Blade", naphezu kokukhathazeka kwenkampani yamafilimu, yaqokwa ama-4 "Oscars", kufaka phakathi i-movie engcono kakhulu.
NgoSeptemba 1937, u-Olivia no-Earrol bathola izindima eziyinhloko "ezivela e-Adventures of Robin Hood". Indaba ekhuluma nge-Knight-Altruisthe yaba nempumelelo enkulu futhi yanikezwa i-Statuette eyinhloko ye-Oscar. Lesi sithombe sithathwa njengenye yamafilimu athandwa kakhulu we-adventure e-Classic Hollywood ERA.
I-Warner Bros., I-De Haviland ngethalente, yamnika ukuthi kwabonakala kanjani ngawo, izindima ezinhle kakhulu. Umlingisi udlale izinhlamvu ezingenalutho "ezine - vele isixuku" futhi "singenakunqotshwa" (1938). Ngisho nakusebukhosini bakwa-Olivia abakwazanga ukuchitha isikhathi endimeni yezinto eziphikisayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho bacabanga kakhulu ngokushiya inkampani yefilimu.
Ngo-1939 kubhekwa njengento ephakeme ye- "golide" hollywood, kepha uDe Haviland akakwazi ukujabulela lesi sikhathi ngenxa yokuhlupheka ngokomoya. Engxoxweni, wakhumbula:
"Bengisesimweni esicindezelekile kangangokuba angikwazi ukukhumbula imigqa yami."Iphrojekthi yefilimu enkulu kunazo zonke emlandweni waseHollywood yasizwa ukuba ilulame emlandweni weHollywood - "ihambile ngomoya" (1939). Umkhiqizi UDavid Celznik wabhala incwadi ye-warner yencwadi. Ngomsebenzi wokuvumela uDe Haviland ukufeza iqhaza lika-melanie Hamilton Wilks. Ngenkathi abalingisi abasele belwa neqhaza le-Scarlett O'hara, u-Olivia wabona uMelanie - umlingisi, isithunzi sakhe esizolile namandla angaphakathi azizwa.
"Amakhilogremu" ka-Oscar "awine izifanekiso eziyi-8, futhi uDe Haviland waqokwa okokuqala - ngendima enhle yensikazi yecebo lesibili.
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, umlingisi akazange ayeke ukubanjwa. Iphrojekthi ethakazelisa kakhulu ibi- "Delay Dawn" (1941), lapho i-de deland kwadingeka ukuthi kube ngaphambi kwesikhathi "ukuwela ezindabeni" - umlando ukhula iminyaka engama-30. Ukufeza iqhaza, u-Olivia wasebenzisa amakha ahlukile alungele ubudala, ashintshe i-Timbre yezwi.
Iqhaza edrama "Ukulibala kokusa" ngo-1946 kwaletha umlingisi wokuqala we-Oscar. Ngaleso sikhathi, uDehendiland wephule ubuhlobo ne-warner bros., Futhi isazi-mlando uTony Thomas saphawula ukuthi i-Statuette yaba uphawu lomzabalazo omude welungelo lokubizwa ngokuthi umlingisi onekhono.
Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala ngaphandle kwenkontileka kwakuyidrama "yilowo nalowo wakhe" (1946) ngowesifazane onikeza ingane ukuba athathelwe ukutholwa, khona-ke kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe bazama ukuhlenga lesi sono. Isikhathi esithi "segolide" de heviland siphothulwa yidrama "i-kuzina rachel yami" (1952)
Ngo-1964, umlingisi wenza izindima ezimbili zokugcina eziholayo ezithombeni zakhe zokugcina: "Owesifazane osekheji" futhi "uthule ... uthule, uCharlotte omuhle." Iphrojekthi yokugcina no-Olivia yahlukanisa umngani wakhe omkhulu uBett Davis. Uqokwe amahlandla ayi-7 ku-Oscar.
Bekuzoba nzima ukukhetha izindima ezinhle, inani labalingisi lakhula, uDe Haviland waphoqeleka ukuba aqhubeke nethelevishini. Ukudluliswa kwe- "Human Wine" (1966), "kwakhala umfazi" (1972), uchungechunge oluthi "Lubovy Boat" (1977-1987). Owokugcina kwephrojekthi yakhe "umfazi amthandayo" (1988).
Lapho esethathe umhlalaphansi njengomlingisi, uDe Heviland wahlala ethembekile e-cinema. Ngo-2003, wavela emzuzwini we-Oscar ukumemezela ophumelele, futhi ngenxa ye-ovation imizuzu engu-6.5.
Ngo-2008, u-Olivia oneminyaka engama-92 ubudala wathola ezandleni zikaMongameli uGeorge Bush Jr. umklomelo ophakeme wochwepheshe - Indondo yezwe. Eminyakeni engu-2 kamuva, umyalo weLegion ohlonishwayo wanikezwa, futhi ngo-Eva wosuku lokuzalwa kwalo lwe-101, umyalo woMbuso WaseBrithani kanye neTita "Lady Lady". UDe Haviland akakwazanga ukuya emcimbini esigodlweni se-buckingham ngenxa yesimo sempilo, ngakho-ke umklomelo wethulwe kuye ekhaya ngo-2018.
NgoJulayi 1, 2019, umlingisi wawugubha usuku lokuzalwa kwalo 103. Eminyakeni yokugcina edlule, u-Olivia de Haviland wayehlala eParis, funda izincwadi, waphendula izincwadi zabalandeli nge-imeyili. Imfihlo yokuphila isikhathi eside, ngokwemibono yayo yomuntu siqu, ilele othandweni, ukuhleka kanye nezifundo ezihlala njalo. Noma ekulimazeleni komlingiswa.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
U-Olivia de Haviland kanye ne-Arrol Flynna ebizwa ngokuthi ama-pair amahle kakhulu eHollywood, kepha awakaze abelwe ebudlelwaneni. Yebo, abantu abasha bondla imizwa efudumele komunye nomunye, kodwa uFlynn wafuna ukunciphisa umkakhe uLily Damita, bese uqala impilo entsha. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1937, abashadikazi babuyisana, futhi u-Olivia ngephutha akasabuyiswa ezihlokweni zothando.NgoJulayi 1938, le ntombazane yathola induduzo ezingalweni ze-aviator kanye nomqondisi uHoughes, ngo-1939, yahlangana nomlingisi uJames Stewart, owenza isiphakamiso sika-Olivia sasandela. Ngo-1941, ubudlelwane baqala ngoMqondisi uJohn Houston, lapho umlingisi ayefuna ukushada khona.
Ngo-Agasti 26, 1946, uDe Haviland naye wazibopha emshadweni nomlobi uMarkus Goodrich, umshado wahlala iminyaka eyi-6. Septhemba 27, 1949 Babenendodana kaBenjamini. Umlingisi wayeziqhenya ngengane yakhe, akazange acashe esithombeni, aze ashiye kafushane ngomsebenzi wakhe ngenxa yakhe.
Eminyakeni engu-19, umfana watholakala ene-hodgkin lymphoma. Ngo-1991, eneminyaka engama-42, uBenjamin wabulawa yisifo senhliziyo.
Ngo-Ephreli 2, 1955, uDe Haviland washada noPierre Galanta, umhleli weParis Match Match Magazine. Ngemuva konyaka, babenendodakazi ka-Giselle. Abalingani abahlukanisile ngo-1962, kodwa kwaphela eminye iminyaka engu-6 bahlala ndawonye, khona-ke endaweni yokukhulisa ingane ndawonye. U-Olivia wasala noPierre kwaze kwaba ngu-1998, lapho ebulawa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu.
UGiselle akazange anikeze abazukulu bakhe.
Ubudlelwano nodadewabo uJoan akazange ahambe e-Olivia. Ebuntwaneni, amantombazane alwa njalo, anquma izingubo. Isimo asikaze sithuthukise futhi sifunda iminyaka. Lapho uFontaine ethi:
"Bengingowokuqala ukushada, i-Oscar" yokuqala, futhi, ngokungangabazeki, okokuqala - udadewabo, udadewethu uzoba ngamarabi, lapho ngibona ukuthi ngibe khona! ".UJoan ushonele eneminyaka engama-96.
Ukushona
NgoJulayi 26, 2020 baqaphela ngokufa komlingisi. U-Olivia de Heviland washona ngonyaka we-105 wokuphila ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo.
Izics
- 1935 - "Ukulala Ehlobo Night"
- 1938 - "Ukufika Robin Hood"
- Ngo-1939 - "Uphume ngomoya"
- 1941 - "Strawberry Blonde"
- 1946 - "Wonke umuntu"
- Ngo-1949 - "I-Snake Yama"
- Ngo-1955 - "U-Kuzina Rachel"
- Ngo-1964 - "Owesifazane osekheji"
- Ngo-1964 - "I-Cherry ... i-Quive, Cute Charlotte"
- 1977 - "Isikhumulo sezindiza 77"
- 1986 - "Anastasia: U-Anna Fridle"