I-Biograge
URena Magritte uyi-Belgian Surrealist, imisebenzi yayo igcwele izimfumbe. Umgomo oyinhloko wobuciko bakhe kwakuyinhlanganisela yokuhambelana. UMagritte wayengumuntu olula impilo yakhe engabhekwa njengesidina, kepha umsebenzi womculi ukhuluma ngokuba khona kwenganekwane ebanzi. URenee ngokwakhe wanquma ukuqondiswa kobuhlakani bakhe njengeqiniso lomlingo futhi akazange athande lapho ebalwa emphakathini we-surrealists. Imisebenzi yeBelgian eyaziwayo yeBelgian ifana namaphosta nanamuhla abhekene negagasi elisha lokuthandwa.Ubuntwana nentsha
Igama eligcwele lomculi - uRene Francois Gilen Magritt. Uzalelwe ngoNovemba 21, 1898 edolobheni laseBelgian eliphansi lesifundazwe. Wayengumuntu owayemadodana amathathu. Ubaba wabafana, uLeopold Magritte, wahlanganyela ekuthengiseni indwangu futhi wathunga, futhi umama kaRubina wasebenza njengoModist. Njengoba sesihlale iminyaka eminingana lapho, lo mndeni wathuthela eGilly, wabe esevalwa, lapho uRene wayehlala kuze kube ngu-1912.
Lo nyaka kwavela ukuba yinguquko kuma-biografikhi omfana. Wayeneminyaka engu-14 lapho umama exoshwa ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa edolobheni laseSalmbre. INdodana yabona ukuthi isidumbu sakhe sakhishwa kanjani emanzini. Umama uzame kaningi ukuzibulala nangaphambili. Wasindisa ukunaka kwakhe kuYise, lesi sikhathi sasingaseduze.
Ububi buthinte kakhulu ukubuka komhlaba komculi wesikhathi esizayo. Uhlala efuna izimpendulo zemibuzo evuka ngaleso sikhathi ekhanda, futhi wabonisana ngabo ngokwakhe ngemidwebo. Inhlekelele yomndeni yahlala iyimfihlo ye-magritte ejwayelekile, ngisho nomlingani wakhe kabazi ngayo ngokushesha. URena ubelokhu enza kahle umzuzwana oskriniy, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho esembule, ososayensi bezengqondo baqala ukuzama ukuthola umbhalo ongewona umhlobiso emisebenzini yakhe.
Imidwebo
Ngo-1916, uRené Magritte waba ngumfundi weRoyal Academy yezobuciko obuhle eBrussels. Njengoba sesifunde lapho iminyaka engu-2, le nsizwa ishiye isikhungo semfundo. Uthole umculi efektri yemikhiqizo yamaphepha. Lesi sikhundla se-magritte sahlala kuze kube ngu-1926.
URene wadala isithombe sakhe sokuqala esithi "Loflokey olahlekile" ngalesi sikhathi. Umbhali wakhe wawubheka umsebenzi ophumelele kakhulu. Igalari Sento yanikeza inkontileka, ngakho-ke umdwebi wakwazi ukushiya umsebenzi futhi agxile ebuhlotsheni. Ngo-1927, umbukiso wokuqala we-surrealist wenzeka. Akazange akhiphe ukuthandwa ngumphakathi, futhi ababuyekezi babize ububi bokungaphumeleli.
UMagritte waya eParis, lapho aqala khona ukuxhumana no-Andre Breton namanye ama-surrealist. Ukuqomisana okusha kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ukwakheka kwendlela yobuciko kanye nombono womculi. UMagritte wabeka isitayela sakhe uqobo, esasihluke ngendlela evamile enhle ye-surrealism. Umdwebi wawungakuthandi ukusetshenziswa kwe-psychoanalysis kwezobuciko, kodwa wakhetha ifilosofi yenkondlo kanye nokunengqondo okunengqondo.
Ngemuva kokuqedwa kwenkontileka negalari Severo Magritte yabuyela eBrussels futhi yakhangisa ngokukhangisa ngokuvulwa kanye nomfowabo, owawunikeza inhlabathi yezezimali. Ukusesha kokuqala komculi kwaqhutshwa ekuhlazimeni kwekusasa kanye nobumbano. Ithonya elikhulu e-REne enikeziwe imisebenzi kaFernan Eing.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokwakhiwa kwendlela yomlobi, uMagritt weza ezithombeni zakhe eziqinile nezijulile. Iqhawe elivamisile lemidwebo yakhe laliyindoda egqoke isigqoko se-bowl, lapho abagxeki babona khona isithombe sombhali ngokwakhe. Iqhawe egqokeni livele libuyele esibukini noma lifihle ubuso bakhe. Ngokokuqala ngqa, wavela phambi komphakathi ngo-1926 esesithombeni "sokukhombisa umuntu owayeyisizungu."
Umfokazi ovela emibhalweni wavela ogwini lolwandle, emigwaqweni yedolobha, ezintabeni nasehlathini. Angahlukaniswa noma andiswe, abe yi-haze elula noma ubuso obukhulu besakhiwo. Phakathi kwezithombe umuntu akhona ngazo isigqoko - "umphakathi ophakeme", "Horominda", "ndodana yomuntu".
Phakathi kwendlela ejwayelekile yokudala yezithombe ze-magritt yezithombe zeMagritt: i-apula, izinyoni, ishubhu lokubhema namaqhawe, ubuso balo buthuthelwe yindwangu. Abagxeki babona ezicini zesithombe sokusikisela kokugcina ngokulahleka kobuhlungu kwe-magritt. Unina wasuka emanzini ngendwangu ebusweni bakhe, owayecindezelwe ngokuqinile esikhunjeni.
"Abathandi" - isithombe, esibonisa amaqhawe aboshwe nge-White Web. Wabhalwa ngo-1928. I-altus enkulu yesithombe ilele esihlongo "sothando esiswini". Kepha ochwepheshe bezengqondo bahumushe futhi njengencazelo yokuhlukaniswa komuntu, abakwazi ukuveza ngisho nangesikhathi semizwa yothando. Izilaleli, ezazifunda lo msebenzi, zakhunjulwa kanti nengqondo "ilahlekelwa amakhanda othandweni." Lesi sithombe sesibe ngomunye wemisebenzi ebonakalayo kakhulu yomculi weBrussels ohlwini.
Ngo-1948, kwavela umsebenzi ngokukhanya okubizwa ngokuthi ngumbhali obizwa ngokuthi "izithombe ezikhohlisayo." Kubonisa ishubhu ebhemayo ngesiginesha "akusona i-handset." Ukusuka ekungqubuzaneni kwezinto ezithombeni, umbhali weza ezokwenqaba, ekhombisa into ethandwayo.
Kamuva, ishubhu lake lishiwo ngendlela yokuthi "izimfihlo ezimbili", eziphinda isithombe eziyiqiniso ngaphakathi kohlaka lwesakhiwo esisha. I-magritte egxile efanayo yenziwe nge-apula eluhlaza, ekhombisa izithelo esithombeni "Lokhu akuyona i-apula" ngo-1964. Isithombe saso sivele kaninginingi kweminye imisebenzi engaqondakali yombhali.
Isibhakabhaka siwuphawu oluhlukile emisebenzini yeMagritt. Lesi sithombe asisebenzisa kaningi kakhulu. Izulu eliboniswe yiBelgian alifani nanoma yini enye. Kuboniswa esibukweni "I-Elementary Cosmogonia", iqala ukugcwalisa izinhlamvu, igeleza isuka e-Easel ngemuva, njengasechungechunge lwe- "Human Loader", futhi ivela njengendawo yendoda e kittelot esithombeni esithi "DecalCorania". Indlu evela kubo isithombe sesibhakabhaka "embusweni wokukhanya", nesithombe esithi "isibuko esingelona iqiniso" kubonakala sengathi sigcwalisa maphakathi nomsebenzi.
Indlela yokudala yeRena Magritt ingahle ibonakale iyisikhumbuzo. Ukuqala ngokukhishwa, wadonsela ukunaka kwe-surrealism ngemuva kokujwayelana nemisebenzi kaGeorge de Kiriko, oxhume ukukhishwa kanye namaqiniso ndawonye. Eminyakeni yempi, uMagritt wanamathela ekubhekiseni ngokubhekisisa ubungqabavu, owamiselwa ngokumelene naye ama-surrealist.
Umbukiso oqoqwe ngalesi sikhathi ngesitayela esibizwa ngokuthi izazi-mlando ze-Art. UMagritte ungowokuqala owasebenzisa amagama emibhalweni, ekholelwa ukuthi zinezithombe ezifanayo nezithombe. Iphuzu elinjalo lokubukwa libuye lanamathela kuJoseph Kosut, umsunguli wobuciko.
Ngesikhathi sempi, uMagritte washintsha iphalethi yombala kanye ne-stylistics, ecabanga ngesikweletu ukunika abantu ithuba lentokozo nethemba. Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwezobutha kanye nomsebenzi, wabuyela ngendlela ejwayelekile futhi wathola ukuqashelwa.
UMagritt wabukelwa phansi eFrance, kodwa wathandwa e-United States, lapho kwahlatshwa umxhwele khona isizukulwane sabaculi ngomsebenzi wakhe. Ngo-1954, umbukiso wemisebenzi yabalobi wabanjelwa eMelika. Uzwe umoya wezikhathi futhi wayengumuntu okhuthazayo ongomusimu we-minimalists naku-comculcientists.
Umdwebi ushiye umkhondo hhayi ubuciko kuphela. Izithombe zasungulwa futhi zakhiwa nguRena Magritt zisetshenziswe kaningi emikhankasweni yezentengiso yemikhiqizo yanamuhla. Inkosi yayazi ukuthi kungenza kanjani isithombe esimangazayo, njengoba ayenolwazi esikhaleni sokukhangisa. Akazange abhale ama-postraits, aguqula iqhawe elivela kubukeli futhi anikeze ithuba lokujabulela inkohliso.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Othandweni uRena Magritte wayehlala njalo. Sebejwayelane nendodakazi yomhluzi esuka eCharroloi, uGeorges Berger, umfana wachitha ngaso sonke isikhathi naye futhi wayesethandweni. Le ntombazane yabona ukuthi umdwebi wesikhathi esizayo wawakhetha kanjani umsebenzi wakhe. Ngesinye isikhathi, behamba bezungeza amathuna, babona umdwebi emsebenzini, futhi uRena wanquma ukuguqula impilo yakhe.
Othandweni, abasebasha babefushane ngokwanele. Abazali bentombazane bathuthela eBrussels bazihlukanisa. Ukufika edolobheni elifanayo esifundweni, uRena wake wabhekana noyedwa owayethandwa emgwaqweni. UMagritt wasebenza ebuthweni lempi futhi, ebuya, washada noGeorgette ngo-1922. Waba ngumnyuziyamu oyinhloko womculi, ngakho-ke umbhali wabhala izithombe zabesifazane kusuka kumlingani.
Izithandani zomuntu siqu zazijabule. Kwabonakala sengathi, imizwa kaMagritte kumkakhe yayingenakunyakaziswa. Kepha ngo-1936, umculi waqala ngicabanga ngeShelya ethile, ilungu lokusebenza, futhi oshade naye waqala ukuhlangana nomculi uPaul Colin. Ngo-1940, ama-magrithe ayebuye ahlangane.
Umndeni wawuhlala endlini enesizotha eBrussels, akazange ahambe emhlabeni futhi akazange ahambe. URena akakaze avakashele umgwaqo. Inkosi yasebenza egumbini lokuhlala enkambisweni eqinile yosuku futhi yafika njalo etafuleni ngesikhathi sasemini. Izingane ezimbili aziqali. Kwakunezizathu eziningana, kubandakanya nokungazinzi kwezezimali. Kepha izibalo zazinenja eyintandokazi, umdwebi azithatha naye e-cinema. Ngemuva kokushona komndeni uRena wakwenza kwacaceka.
Ukushona
URena Magritt ushone ngo-Agasti 15, 1967. Imbangela yokufa yayingumdlavuza we-pancreas. Ezinsukwini zokugcina zokuphila, wasebenza esithombeni esithi "Phakama Kokukhanya", kodwa akazange akwazi ukwazi ukumqeda ngaphambi kokushona kwakhe. Umculi wembelwa emathuneni amathuna eBrussels.
Namuhla imisebenzi yombhali iyakhonjiswa eBrussels, emnyuziyamu onikezelwe emsebenzini wakhe. Nazi izithombe ezikhonjisiwe, amafilimu adalwe ngokuya ngemibono yomculi, isithombe sempilo yonke yeRen Magritt kanye nemidwebo. Esitolo ngaphakathi emnyuziyamu ungathenga izikhumbuzo ezingatholakali eYurophu.
Imidwebo
- Ngo-1928-1929 - "I-Vertiary of"
- 1928 - "Abathandi"
- Ngo-1933 - "Izimo Zokuba khona Ngomuntu"
- Ngo-1937 - "Ukuzala kabusha akuvunyelwe"
- 1951 - "Perspective Madame Remight"
- Ngo-1961 - "Izithiyo Ezimangalisayo"
- Ngo-1964 - "Ndodana yomuntu"
- Ngo-1966 - "Izimfihlo Ezimbili"