I-Biograge
Isibalo sezenkolo namasiko seDopenterovsky Era uSimeon Platsky saduma ngokubhala nemisebenzi yezenkolo. Umsebenzi wokuziphilisa osebenzayo, umdala uhlanganiswe nesihloko se-monastic futhi ngempumelelo efanayo wabhala izintshumayelo zokwaba amasonto egameni lenkosi. Wayeyigceke elinamafu futhi wahlanganyela ekwakhekeni kwamakhosi ancanyana. Ukuba yiziphi ezinethalente futhi eziguquguqukayo, kwaba ngumazisi obalulekile wesikhathi sakhe.Ubuntwana nentsha
Igama lomhlaba likaSimeon Polotsk - Samuel Petrovsky-Cotomanovich (kunomehluko phakathi kwesibongo). Wazalwa ngo-1629 edolobheni lasePolotsk nasendaweni yokuzalwa wathola isidlaliso sakhe, ashiywe naye enkumbulweni yabantu. IBelarusian Poolotsk yabe isifika enkulumweni yokukhomba.
USamuel wayengomunye wabantwana abahlanu emndenini. Ngaleso sikhathi, imfundo enkulu eMpumalanga Yurophu ingatholakala kuphela ezikhungweni zemfundo yesonto. Umfana ukhombisile isithakazelo kwisayensi futhi ebusheni waya eKiev, lapho aqala khona ukuyofunda eKiev-Mohyla College.
Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakuyinyuvesi yakudala yesonto lama-Orthodox e-Ukraine. Lokhu kwanikezwa imfundo eguquguqukayo: Kufundiswe izilimi, izibalo, izinkondlo, umculo, ifilosofi nezenkolo. Umeluleki womfana kwakunguLazar Baranovich - Bishop Chernigov.
Kutholwe uSamuel odongeni lwaseLolegium kwakufanekisela usosayensi wensizwa eyehla ezingxabanweni, ezazisebenza kabanzi kwinqubo yezemfundo.
Intshisekelo yesayensi yamholela eVilen Jesuit Academy, lapho le nsizwa yaqala khona ekuqaleni kwawo-1650s. Kunenguqulo wayilungu le-oda le-Mililian elingafani nalo. Izazi-mlando zihlambalaza uSimeyoni ngokwethembeka, ngenkathi ziphawula ukuthi le nsizwa isebenzise i-oda njengethuba lokuthola imfundo ehle. Le ndlela yaphinde yahamba nezinye ezesikhathi, kamuva yaba ama-hierarychs avelele eSonto Lobu-Orthodox.
Imisebenzi Nenkonzo
Ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu, le nsizwa ibuyela ePolotsk futhi iba yindela yama-Orthodox. Ngo-1656, negama elisha, uSimeyoni, ungena ezindlini zezindela ze-Epiphany, lapho afezela khona ukulalela uthisha esikoleni sangaphansi. Ngaleso sikhathi, indoda iye yabhala izinkondlo, amavesi nokufakazelwa cishe iminyaka eyi-10.
Lapho uTsar Alexei Mikhailovich wayedlula ePolotsk, uConk uSimeyoni wakhe une-Heave Shitch emangalisa. UMonarch wakhumbula imbongi enethalente. Ngo-1660, uSimeyoni wafika eMoscow nabafundi futhi wenza njengenkantolo noChanemeni, unesibindi sokunikela ngenkonzo yakhe enkosini. Izipho ezahlukahlukene, ukubheka kanye nemfundo kwahlukaniswa kahle i-polotsk uyinki.
Kusukela ngo-1664, uqhubekela eMoscow enkonzweni enkotsheni enkosini, ethola izindaba eziningi nemiyalo yakhe. Kancane kancane, uSimeon uba khona nje. Ekuqaleni wayeganwe ekufundeni izikhulu ezincane kanye nabakhiqizi bamabhasikeli ngokuhleleka kwamacala enkomba yenkosi, evumela ukulawulwa kwabafana nokulandela amacala abhekene noMbuso. Isikole, lapho indoda ifundise khona lesi siLatini, yayingaphansi kwesisono sakwaConoscope, kepha yayikhona iminyaka emi-4 kuphela.
Ngasikhathi sinye, indela ePolyglot iba ngumhumushi. Ngo-1665, isonto lesonto ecaleni lenzalamizi uNikon, noSimeyoni, owayene-Latin, isiPolish, izilimi zase-Ukraine nezesiRusrayeli zenzeka eMoscow, waba nguTolmach e-Bharusalema umbhishobhi wasePaisius. I-Polotsk Monk yabamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekuthumelweni kwenzalamizi nikon kanye nezinguquko zakhe. UHLELO LOKUPHAKATHI "IBHODI eRed" yaphuma ngo-1667 ebusweni besonto lonke eliphakeme labaholi be-Church Split.
Izazi-mlando zibona ubuthakathaka bempikiswano kanye nokwakheka okuphelele kombhalo, kepha ngesikhathi sokushicilelwa kwamukelwa ukuthi kubhalwe phansi njengegunya futhi kubalulekile. Kusukela ngalesosikhathi, uSimeon Platsk uba yimbongi yenkantolo nomlobi, ethatha izibukeli nezikhangiso ezinomsindo egameni loMbusi. Uqoqa umtapo wezincwadi ocebile futhi anezinkomba zenkosi yokukhulisa izinga lemfundo eRussia.
Ngo-1667, uMbusi ukhetha abangane bakhe endimeni yothisha bezindlalifa ezibalile. Ithonya likaSimeon Platotsky ezinganeni u-Alethei Mikhailovich unzima kakhulu ukuwela ngokweqile. U-Alexey Tsarevich waba ngumfundi wokuqala. Ukumlandela, uTsarevna Sophia noFedor, kamuva, obeneminyaka eyi-10, inkosi uFyodor III. Ngenxa yalowo mfundisi, izingane zazikhulunywa ngokukhululekile ngezilimi eziningana, ezihlangene nefilosofi, imfundiso yenkolo, i-Rhetoric yaze yabonisa amandla okuba yizinkondlo.
Ngokwezinkumbulo zabantu besikhathi sabantu besikhathi sikaSonto, uSimeon Platotsky wenziwa enkantolo umsebenzi wezazi zezinkanyezi, ubuke izinkanyezi futhi wafunda izibikezelo. U-Alexander Pushkin washo ukuthi ikhehla kwakuwukuzalwa kukaPetro kanye no-Biodom okhazimulayo kaMbusi omkhulu.
Le ndoda yathola ithonya enkantolo, eyayinika inkululeko. Futhi wagxila entshumayelweni yesonto, efuna ukuvuselela isiko legama lokwalusa. Umlobi ukhuluma ngezinto ezingokomoya nangezinkinga ezingokwezihloko zomphakathi, egcizelela isidingo semfundo nemfundo ngezinguquko ezinhle.
Ngaphambi nje kokuba kufe, lo mdala wavulela umthambo eKremlin, lapho kwaphrintwa khona izincwadi "incwadi" nezincwadi, lapho kusebenza khona abaculi nabasebangeli. USimeon Platsk wabeka lo msebenzi weSlavic-Greco-Latin Academy, owavula eMoscow ngesikhathi sokubusa komfundi wakhe - izikhulu zikaSophia Alekseevna.
Imibono nobuciko
I-Creativity Simeon Polotsk yinto evelele ezincwadini zaseRussia. Ungumlobi wamakhulu ezinkondlo, izintshumayelo, edlala kanye nezindlela zokwelapha. Ingxenye yempilo imbongi yayisondelene noMbusi futhi yahlala ithembekile kuye ngobuhlakani nemibono. Izinkondlo zakhe azizange zidumise kuphela inkosi, kodwa futhi ziphonsela inselelo namandla namandla oMbuso waseRussia. Isimo sezinkondlo se-autocrat sasihlanganisa izici ezinjalo njengabangelwandle nesihe, ukunqotshwa nokuphana.
Ifa lezinkondlo lombhali lifaka izinhlobo eziningi: nansi amapena namavesi, i-satire kanye ne-didactic. Idrama kaPolotsk ibhalwe yivesi leSillabic, phakathi kwawo "amahlaya womzekeliso mayelana nendodana yolahleko," lapho umbhali emelela ukuhunyushwa kwanamuhla kwezinkinga zobaba nezingane. Imbongi idala ngesibindi ezinhlotsheni, ngaleso sikhathi yathuthukiswa kalula ezincwadini zaseRussia.
Umlobi uthathwa ngelungiselelo lenkondlo le-PSALTIRI, ukhipha iqoqo lezinkondlo "Rhyme". I-stylistics yezinkondlo ifana ne-barochko: iyindida kanye nomhlobiso, uthando lwezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi nokuvukela.
Ifa lezenkolo kaSimeyoni Platotsk ligxile ekhasini "umqhele wokholo" kanye namaqoqo ezintshumayelo aphathelene nombhali ongaphezulu kuka-200. Le misebenzi ivame ukuqashelwa njengokungabaza kwezenkolo zemfundiso, kodwa zivunyelwe yisifiso sokushintsha ohlekisayo wempilo ngokomoya nenhlalo.
Kubafundi bakhe, uthisha wabhala imisebenzi ekhethekile, phakathi kokudluliselwa kokuphila kukaJesu Kristu no- "VertoGRAD Multicolor". Le projekthi yizinkulungwane zemibhalo etholakala ezincwadini ze-SLAVIC ABC. Nazi izindaba eziqoqiwe ezivela kwimiBhalo Engcwele nokubukwa kwempilo. Le ncwadi isiphenduke isibonelelo sokufunda futhi ifingqa imibono yokuziphatha neyenkolo yombhali. Uthisha wayelwela ukugxila nezingane zasebukhosini zothando lokufundisa nokusebenza, ebiza "uthando" impilo kungakhathalekile isimo kanye nesikhundla emphakathini.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
USamuel Petrovsky-Cotomanovich eneminyaka engu-27 uthathe ukumiswa kwe-monastic ngegama uSimeon. Ngaleso sikhashana, wamukela izifumo zobunzima nokungabazeka, ngokulandelana, le ndoda ayizange ibe namakhosikazi nezingane. Ukuphila komuntu wonke kwendela ukukhonza uNkulunkulu nokufika kwakhe phambi kwakhe. Kukhona ukuwa okusobulayo kule ndlela, kepha maqondana noSimeon Polotsk umlando awuzange ulondoloze amaqiniso futhi ngisho namahemuhemu.Ukushona
Amaqiniso atholakalayo nemininingwane ngezinsuku zokugcina zempilo yomdala ayaziwa. Imbangela yokufa izibuko zabantu nayo ayibhali noma yini ukhonkolo. USimeon Platsk ushone ngo-Agasti 25, 1680 eMoscow. Isazi semfundiso yenkolo sangcwatshwa eSpassky Cathedrate yesiqiniseko seKyaconoscop yaseChina, lapho asungula khona isikole ngasikhathi sinye, esaba yiPrototype ye-Moscow Gograted Academy. Kugcinwe itshe lethuna eligcinwe ethuneni lomdala.
Imibhalo yombhali eMfundisweni yeSonto yalahlwa futhi yavinjwa ngemuva kokufa. Kukholakala ukuthi imibhalo ayizange igcine ubumsulwa bokholo lobu-Orthodox, futhi "bangenwa yileli cala."
NgoSepthemba 7, 2003, isikhumbuzo soSculptor waseBelarusian u-Alexander Finnish sasungulwa ePolotsk Simeon. Idolobha linomtapo wemnyuziyamu - umtapo wezincwadi, lapho ungajwayelana khona nemibhalo yesandla kanye nezincwadi zakudala kakhulu zombhali.
I-Bibliography
- 1667 - "Induku yeBhodi"
- 1660s - "Umqhele wokholo"
- 1676-80- "vertoGaD Multicolor"
- 1679 - "Ulimi Slaven Science"
- 1680 - "Monasses"
- 1680 - "Rhymeralogy"
- 1680 - "I-PSTER RHMPAN"
- 1685 - "Ama-Comedy Prots Mayelana nendodana Yolahleko"