I-Biograge
URichard Strauss ungumqambi waseJalimane, inkulumo yakhe eye yaba yimpendulo yempilo yomphakathi 19-20. Omunye wabadali bomculo abadumile eJalimane, waqaliswa njengomculi kanye nomqhubi wesifundo. UStrauss ohlonishwayo empilweni, inkazimulo ihambisana nendawo yakhe futhi namuhla sibonga imisebenzi yokungafi.Ubuntwana nentsha
URichard Strauss wazalwa ngoJuni 11, 1864 eMunich. Ubaba kaRichard wayeyimiphumela evela kubafana abakwaziyo ukufeza ukuqashelwa nezikhundla ngenxa yethalente lomlandeli. Waba ngumfundisi wokuqala weNdodana. Unina womfana wayeyindodakazi ka-brewer ocebile futhi futhi waba nokwakheka okuhle nokuthambekela komculo. Emndenini wakhe kwakukhona abaculi be-Opera.
Eminyakeni engu-4, uRichard waqala amakilasi ePiano, kwathi abangu-6 bebazi ukubhala ngolwazi. Ngalesi sikhathi faka imisebenzi ye-copyright yokuqala. UStrauss Jr. wawuhlobisa umculo, wafunda injabulo yakhe futhi wabandakanyeka enjabulweni efanayo. Amasu adlulayo uBaba abonakala ephelelwa yisikhathi esedlule, futhi wayefuna ukuthambekela okusha.
Eminyakeni engu-10 ubudala, umfana waqala wezwa imisebenzi yomculo kaRichard Wagner. UStrauss wanqoba isimo nesitayela somlobi we-opera. Kulokhu, akazange ahlaze noYise, owabheka umsebenzi weWagner ephansi. Ubaba wawenqabela indodana yakhe ukuba ilalele lo mculo. URichard wakwazi ukutadisha amanothi kaTristan no-Isldus, ngokuba ngumdala kuphela.
Ekuzilweni kokuzilolonga kwenkantolo i-orchestra, uStrauss-JR. Wafunda umbono womculo nokuhlobisa ngenxa yokuqanjwa kukaYise. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wahlanganyela ekhaya futhi wafunda inkambo yokuzivocavoca. Ngemuva kwalokho, e-University of Munich, umqambi wesikhathi esizayo wajwayela umlando wezobuciko nefilosofi.
Umqhubiyali uFriedrich Mayer wanikeza izifundo zobungqabavu zokuvumelana futhi wachaza ukuhlaziywa kwamafomu. Ngokubamba iqhaza e-Amateur Orchestra, uRichard wazama ulwazi ekusebenzeni futhi wadala izivivinyo zokuqala zomqambi. Ithalente lakhe lalisobala kakhulu ukuthi asikho isidingo sokufaka i-conservatory.
Umculo
Umsebenzi wokuqala we-Strauss wawubonakala njengesibonelo sothando olulinganiselayo. Ithalente lokuqala kombhali lazisa abagxeki bomculo, abadlali nabaqhubi. UHans Background Buloves wenza uStrauss nomlandeli wakhe, aphathiswe le nsizwa yokuhola yenkantolo yasendlini yenkantolo ye-Duke yaseSaxen-Monsaingingensky. Kepha wadonswa emandulo abanzi, futhi uRichard washiya idolobha, elwela impumelelo enkulu.
Uthole isikhundla se-3rd Kapelmeister enkuntolo yaseMunich Court. Ukuhlolwa komculo sekuthuthukise umcabango we-symphonic aphefumulelwe uhambo oluya e-Italy, kwathi ngo-1886 umsebenzi we "e-Italy" wazalwa.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu njengoNgqongqoshe Wenkantolo ye-Wayma yaseTheatre, uStrauss wabhala i-Opera futhi wasebenza ngokufana kwenkondlo ye-Symphony Don Jon Juan, eyethulwa ngo-1889. Ukwakheka kwe-Strauss kwakuyimpumelelo emangalisa. URichard wayeneminyaka engama-25 ubudala, i-biograph yakhe yokudala yaqala ukwakha, futhi umhlaba womculo usukulungele ukuwuthumela.
Umsebenzi olandelayo wesithonjana kwakunguMacbeth Opera. Abagxeki babheka ukuthi bakhungathekiswa ngokweqile, futhi uyise wakhuluma ngamandla ngemibhalo yeNdodana, ecela ukuguqulwa kwezinto. Ukweqiwa ngokweqile kanye nokuqaqa ngokweqile konakalise umbono womculo. Kepha isimo sengqondo esichazwe kuwo kusamele sinambitheke ezinye izilaleli. I-Shakespeare Inhlekelele, ukungezwani futhi kuzwakale kuzwakale ku-Opera Melody.
Ngo-1889, umphakathi wajwayelana "nokufa nokukhanyiselwa", okwachaza ubuthakathaka bomuntu kanye nokubona koshintsho. Umsebenzi uzwa ukwesaba izinguquko, okuhambisana nokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sikahulumeni futhi akucaci amathemba ngekusasa.
Ngo-1893, uStrauss wethulwa emphakathini umculo wedrama "gunram". Futhi ngonyaka we-1895 wakhombisa izilaleli "zijabulisa abathengisi beTila Undenshpigel", ezinikezelwe kumngane u-Arthur Ngizohamba. Umsebenzi wemizuzu engu-15 yokugxekwa wawubonakala njengongcono kakhulu enanini lezingoma zomlobi. Ukudlala okufushane kuqukethe iziqephu ezingama-27 mayelana nokuphila kanye nokufika kweqhawe elibhaliwe.
U-1896 waphawulwa ngokukhululwa "ngakho wakhuluma ngeZarathustra." UZaynal wabamba iqhaza ekusebenzeni inkondlo yomculo. Ngengozi ejabulisayo, waba ugqugquzele umbono, enikeza umngani wami incwadi kaNietzsche.
Inkondlo yeSymphonic equkethe izingcezwana eziyi-9 ngokuya ngezinhloko zencwadi yaba yisibonelo esicacile sobuhle baseJalimane. Ama-strain aqhutshwa ngaphambili ePremie eFrankfurt futhi aholwa abagxeki kanye nezilaleli. Ngo-1904, wabhala "i-Symphony yasekhaya", eyamaphawulwa ngokuphothulwa komjikelezo wemisebenzi yalolu hlobo.
Ngo-1905, uSara Bernard Strauss wabhala idrama ekudlaleni kuka-Oscar Wilde Salome. Iminyaka eyodwa nengxenye yayidinga uStrauss ukuze isebenze kwi-Symphony. I-Premiere yathuka. I-eronicism eyeqile, ukuhlukahluka okuvelayo kanye nesimo esibonakalayo endaweni yesehlakalo eyenziwe i-apotheosis ezungeze umsebenzi.
Isibukeli saseJalimane Puritan nobunzima samukele indatshana ye-Strauss. Abaculi benqabile ukudlala ukudlala. Ngemuva kwalokho kwalandela "Electra". Imisebenzi emibili yaqala umhlangano eYurophu, kancane kancane ingena kwi-repertoire yezinkundla zemidlalo yaseshashalazini ehlukahlukene.
URichard waqala ukusebenza ngenkuthalo njengomqhubi wathola okuthunyelwe eBerlin Court Orchestra. Ube eseqokwa ngumqondisi woMculo weBerlin Court Opera. Imikhosi yomculo ngaphansi kwe-Auspices of the Strauss yayiqhutshwa emadolobheni ahlukene eJalimane. I-Novator yaphenduka. Uthathwe ukufudumala ohambweni, futhi izilaleli ezise-USA izinyanga ezi-2 "zithunjwe" umqhubi wesifundo, owanikeza amakhonsathi angama-35 eMelika.
Umculi onamandla futhi osebenza kanzima wadala iKavalera rose ngo-1911. Ulandele ama-opharetha amasha, imibhalo yomculo yamakwahlwa kanye nemidlalo ye-orchestral. UStrauss wahamba nohambo lwaseYurophu, e-United States kwathi ngo-1913 wafinyelela eRussia. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayesevele esebenza e "Alpine Symphony", owabona ukukhanya ngo-1915 eBerlin. Ingoma yakhe ibhekwa njengenye yezinto ezaziwa kakhulu emculweni we-classical.
Umqambi wasebenzisana neHugo Background Hoffmanstalem emsebenzini "ngowesifazane ongenasithunzi". Induna ye-Opera yabanjwa ngo-1919. Ngasikhathi sinye, uRichard Strauss wathola isimemo sokuba ngumqondisi we-Vienna Opera House, lapho asebenza khona eminyakeni emi-5 ezayo. Wadala ama-ballets kanye nama-opera.
Esikhathini esinzima ukuguqula ama-regimens ezepolitiki, uStrauss ubelokhu ehlala esona. Wazizwa isimo sabantu futhi wamphendula ngomculo. Ngaphandle kokubhekana nezinkinga, umqambi akazange ayeke ukudala, ukubhala uthando kanye no-opera.
Ukusinda kakhulu ekufeni kweKorofmanStal, umculi wawufuna umlingani omusha futhi wambona eStefan Tswede. Kepha umbuso kaHitler akazange avume imisebenzi yombhali. UStrauss akazange aphothulwe nohlazo lomlingani, washiya phansi isikhundla.
Umqambi wasebenza ngendlela edlalwa ngokulula, umculo wakhe ugcwele okuhle nobungqabavu. Ukubhalwa kwe-Strauss kungokwama-opera adumile "Don Quixote", "Impilo yeqhawe" kanye ne-Suite "Promannimism e-Notices". Umqambi onamahlaya adluliselwe kubuhlakani bakhe, azibiza ngokuthi "okwesibili".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
URichard Strauss wahlangana nothando lwakhe ngo-1887, ekhuluma umqhubi we-gezal noGretel Opera. Ekwakhiweni, umculi Powlina Maria de Ana, lapho umqambi awela khona othandweni ngaphandle kwenkumbulo. Ekhuluma ngomhlaka wakhe, waphakamisa umculi ephathini eGuntram Opera.
UPolelina unesimilo esinzima. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ngo-1894 umshado wakhe noRichard Strauss wenzeka. Umshado wawuhambisana namahlazo acasulwe ngumkakhe. UStrauss wajabula empilweni yakhe uqobo futhi waphikelela ngokubekezelela ubunzima bakhe. Ngemuva kokuxabana nonkosikazi wakhe, wayevame ukuvakashela ugqozi, ngakho-ke wabheka uPaulina umnyuziyamu. Okwakhe, umbhali wabhala izingoma ezimbalwa, ezaze zangabaza omenzanga esisekelweni sodumo. Kepha lokhu akuzange kunciphise ukuthambekela komqhudelwano wokuba nomhawu umyeni wakhe futhi ahlelele izigcawu.
Naphezu kobudlelwano obunzima, lo mbhangqwana wawunezingane. Ngo-1896, indlalifa kumqambi uFranz Strauss wazalwa. Ukubukeka kwakhe kunikelwe ku- "Symphony yasekhaya".
Kepha indodana oyithandayo ayizange inciphise izinga lokushisa okushisayo kwe-pawlin. Wasabela obala ngokushesha ngomyeni wakhe, wamgxeka emphakathini, wakhombisa umlingiswa ongathandeki emphakathini futhi wagcina enethonya. Ukugeza okushisayo kuyo akunandaba, yize eba yisisulu sokushisa okushisayo.
Lapho nje etholile incwadi ngezinsolo zokusolwa ngendoda yakhe ohlangothini, umculi wamhlukanisa. Emva kwalokho, uStrauss akazange ahlale namuntu, ngoba impilo yakhe yonke wayemthanda owesifazane oyedwa futhi eqhubeka nokunikela imisebenzi yakhe.
Ukushona
URichard Strauss waphila impilo ende. Ukufa kwamthola ngonyaka wama-86. Umqambi wayebuthakathaka notshani. Isidumbu sakhe sakhathele ngamandla ngenxa yomsebenzi waso wentshiseko. Imvamisa asazi ngabo ngenxa yobuthakathaka nenhliziyo egulayo. Kwesinye isikhathi uStrauss walahlekelwa ukucaca kokwazi. Isizathu sokufa komqambi saphenduka ngokwemvelo ngenxa yobudala bakhe. Septhemba 8, 1949 Wafa.
Iqiniso elinelukuluku lihlotshaniswa negama le-Strauss. Ngokuvamile kuthathwa ngenxa yesihlobo somunye umqambi odumile, uJohann Strauss, owakhazimulisa ama-waltzes abhaliwe. Kepha ukuphela kweqiniso elihlangene lokuthi abaculi ababili abahlangene laba yintshisekelo eyandayo yamaNazi ngokufika kuka-Adolf Hitler.
Imisebenzi Yomculo
- Ngo-1887 - "Ukusuka e-Italy"
- Ngo-1889 - "Don Juan"
- Ngo-1890 - "Macbeth"
- Ngo-1895 - "I-Merry Tricks of Tila Ulenenspigel"
- Ngo-1896 - "Ngakho-ke wakhuluma ngeZarathustra"
- Ngo-1898 - "Don Quixote"
- 1904 - "Symphony Home
- 1905 - "Salome"
- Ngo-1909 - "Electra"
- 1911 - Ama-Roser Kavaler
- Ngo-1928 - "Elena IGibhithe"
- Ngo-1935 - "Owesifazane Othule"
- 1938 - "Usuku Lwezwe"