Umlando Wemilingiswa
Isimo senkondlo prosaem nikolai gogol "imiphefumulo efile". Umnini mhlaba, ophuphayo. UManilov unamadodana amabili nonkosikazi uLizonka.Umlando wendalo
Umqondo wemiphefumulo "efile" uGogola uphakamise i-Alexander pushkin, ngokulandelayo evela encwadini kaGogol "Conssion." I-pushkin ngokwayo yanciphisa lo mbono ngohlobo lweNkosi ngesikhathi sokuxhumanisa neChisinau. Omunye utshele i-pushkin mayelana nedolobha eBessarabia, lapho kungekho omunye umuntu ofa khona, ngaphandle kwezempi.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX, abalimi abaningi babalekela ezifundazweni eziseCentral Russian. AmaFugitives ayefuna amaphoyisa, kodwa bazithambisa amagama abafileyo, ngakho-ke ukuthola ukuthi ngubani onomuntu, bekungenakwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokho, bekungaphandle kwalolo muzi isikhathi eside ukufa kwakungabhaliswanga. Ngokwezibalo, abantu bayeka ukufa. Iziphathimandla zaqala uphenyo, futhi kwavela ukuthi kwakukhona abalimi ababunguwe abanamandla ababengenawo amaphepha abelwe amagama abo abafileyo.
UGogol ngokwakhe uqale ukhuluma ngalokho okusebenza "emphefumulweni ofile", encwadini eyosunduza ukusuka ngo-1835. Ngemuva konyaka, uGogol ugibela eSwitzerland, wabe eseParis nase-Italy, lapho aqhubeka nokusebenza khona inoveli.
Izahluko ezihlukile ezivela ku-Gogol yaseRoma engapheli emhlanganweni funda i-pushkin nomunye ojwayele. Ngo-1842, umsebenzi wanyatheliswa okokuqala. Inoveli ayiqediwe. Okungaphelele okusalungiswa kwemiqulu eminingana egciniwe kugcinwe.
I-Biograge
UManilov uyindoda enomsuka omuhle, umnikazi womhlaba. Iqhawe linezinwele ezimhlophe, amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumamatheka. Iqhawe libangela futhi lithathe, livame ukuhleka futhi limamatheke. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyaphikelela noma kuvale amehlo futhi kuba njengekati, "elitshele izindlebe". Kubukeka sengathi kunombono womuntu ovelele futhi omnandi lapho kuqala, ukubukeka kukaManilov kungumbukiso wobunzima, "unyoka" ngokweqile.
UManilov wayeyisikhulu, kepha manje esethathe umhlalaphansi. Ozakwethu babheka iqhawe lendoda efundile nelintekenteke. Ngisho nasebuthweni lezempi, umkhuba wokubhema ishubhu kwavela. Iqhawe lishadile iminyaka engaphezu kwesishiyagalombili, kepha namanje lijabule emshadweni. UManilov noMlingani beLiznka banelisekile bodwa futhi baxhumana ngobumnene. Iqhawe lenyulisa amadodana amabili eminyaka eyisithupha nesikhombisa, eyanikezwa amagama angajwayelekile ngendlela "yesiGreki".
UManilov uhlukile kancane kubantu bembiko eyodwa, kuyinto ecebile ecebile ecebile. Naphezu komusa nomusa wobuntu, uManilov unesithukuthezi, akumnandi ukuxhumana naye. Iqhawe alihlukaniswa yinoma yini, ayikwazi ukuthwala ingxoxo futhi ibukeka njengendoda ethambile ephucwa induku yangaphakathi.
Iqhawe aliphikisi futhi alifiki, alisho, alinazo izinto zokuzilibazisa, imibono noma imibono yakhe, ezocabanga ukuthi kudingekile ukuvikela. IManilov emthethweni ayinikezi, ithambekele kakhudlwana ekusonteni emafwini futhi ibonise izinto ezingaqondakali. Iqhawe lingangena egumbini, lihlale esihlalweni futhi amahora ambalwa ukuwela e-Pestration.
UManilov uvila ngokungajwayelekile. Leli qhawe lethulwe leli pulazi leSamotheki, futhi izinto ezisefangweni zixazululwa ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza komnikazi. IManilov ayikaze empilweni ayizange ibone amasimu abo futhi ayihlali inaka abalimi abashonile, ekhuluma ngokunganakwa kweqhawe eliphelele kwefa lakhe.
Endlini ye-manele atabili, futhi baphuma ezandleni kubi, futhi abanikazi abayinaka. Izinceku zaseManilovy ziphuza, ungalandeli ukubukeka kwazo futhi ungazifezi imisebenzi, i-KeySTICCH iletha, egumbini lokugcina impahla alinalutho, futhi ikhishi lidla imikhiqizo yesiphukuphuku. Abaniniye ngokwabo, kanye nezinceku, abanakanga okwenzekayo endlini nokuthi baphila ngaziphi izimo.
UManilaov uphatha uChichikov Sch) futhi, ngokusobala, azikho ezinye izitsha ezisendlini. Ukudla kweManil "kuthathe indawo" ingxoxo emnandi, futhi empeleni akubonisi ukunaka isidlo sakusihlwa.
Ekamelweni eliphilayo iManilov, kunezihlalo ezimbili, ezidinga ukuhudula, futhi umnikazi uvila iminyaka eminingi uku-oda upholstery, yize umndeni unemali eyanele. Leli qhawe alikwazi ukunikeza amakamelo angenalutho endlini kusukela ngesikhathi somshado wakhe futhi angikwazi ukufunda incwadi eyodwa iminyaka emibili. Enye yezinzuzo ezimbalwa zeManilova ukubhala kahle ngesandla.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kubantu bebonke nakuma-serf ikakhulukazi, ababonisi balungile. Iqhawe libangela futhi libe nenhlonipho engxoxweni nge-Kuche noma uthisha noma uthisha wezingane zakhe. Abalingisi abanokwethenjwa bangababantu kunabalimi beqhawe. Amadoda ajwayele ukuza kumnikazi futhi azibuze ngezinsolo zokuthola imali, futhi eqinisweni, esethole imvume yokuqedwa, wathunyelwa ukuphuza.
UManilov uthanda izivakashi futhi akazisoli ngezincomo zabajwayelene nabajwayelene nabo abafuna ukukuthanda. UManilas uvame ukushukumisa iqhawe eliyinhloko, uChichiku, udumisa imfundo kanye nemikhuba yesimenywa. Isibongo esithi "Manilov" sinikezwa iqhawe lokugcizelela "ubumnene" lomlingiswa weqhawe, imizamo 'yokuheha', yinhle.
"Imiphefumulo efile" uManilov unika uChikChiku mahhala futhi uze adonsele iphepha elidingekayo ngezindleko zakho ukwenza into entsha. UChichik ngokwakhe ubheka iManilov njengomuntu "ushukela" futhi oyisidina.
Uma uqhathanisa noManilov, uChichikov uqobo ubukeka emnandi futhi efanelwe ukubheka kwakhe kokuqala, kepha empeleni kungumqeqeshi ongenalutho nezinto.
Ngomfanekiso weManilov, umbhali udweba enye yezithombe ezijwayelekile zesikhathi - umninindlu ophupha kabi, ophila impilo engenalutho, ecekeki ngokungazenzeki kanye nobuvila. Uma uqala ukubheka nje, uManilov ungumuntu ongenangozi ngokuphelele, noma kunjalo, angaba ngomonakalo omkhulu nepulazi lakhe, nomphakathi wonke.
Okuphambene neManilov - uNastasya Petrovna ibhokisi, rekhoda ekolishi elimpofu, umfelokazi ohlala endlini encane futhi eziphatha ngokuheha kwezohwebo. Ukuphela kwencazelo yempilo ye-heroine ukukhathalela ipulazi layo kanye nokuqongelelwa okuhle. I-Heroine ezungeze abantu ibona nje ngokuthi "ama-wallets", lapho ungakhipha khona imali.
Amacaphuna
"Cha, ngiyaxolisa, ngeke sisivumele ukuba sidlule esikhundleni esimnandi, esifundisiwe." "O! UPavel Ivanovich, ake ngibe noFrank: Ngingakujabulela ukunika uhhafu wesimo sami ukuba nengxenye yezinzuzo onazo! .. "Ake ngivumele. Lesi sihlalo sisabelwe isimenywa: ngenxa yokungasebenzi, kepha kufanele sihlale phansi. " "Omunye uNkulunkulu wayengeke asho lokho isimilo sikaManilov. Kunohlobo lwabantu abaziwa ngaphansi kwegama: Abantu banjalo, noma ...-Vikayo
Ngo-1960, uMqondisi uLeonid Trauberg wasusa idrama "imiphefumulo efile" esimweni sakhe. Le filimu yayisuselwa ekudlaleni okungaziwa, ilethwe eMKATAT ngo-1932. UMikhail Bulgakov wabhala lesi sigaba, ethatha inkondlo yaseRoma-pogol njengesisekelo. Iqhaza leManilov kule filimu lenziwa ngu-Actor Yuri Leonidov.
Ngo-1984, iSoviet Mini - uchungechunge oluthi "Imiphefumulo efile" eziqephukeni ezinhlanu. Uhlobo lochungechunge luyindawo yokuhlanza i-satirical. UMikhail Schweitzer waba ngumqondisi, futhi iqhaza likaManilov lenziwa ngu-Actor Yuri Bogatyrev. Umlingani weqhawe, i-lizonku, wadlala umlingisi uLarisa Udovichenko.
Ngo-2005, uchungechunge lwebanga le-Pavel Longgin "kukhululwa icala lemiphefumulo efile. Lesi simo sadalwa ngesisekelo semisebenzi eminingana kaNikolai Gogol ngasikhathi sinye - "imiphefumulo efile", "amanothi okuhlanya", "umcwaningi mabhuku" nabanye.
Iqhawe eliyinhloko lochungechunge - U-Ivan Schiller, umbhalisi wasekolishi, uphenya icala lokunyamalala kweChichikov futhi lokhu kuza edolobheni elithile ledolobha. Iziphathimandla zendawo ngazo zonke izindlela zivimbela izivakashi kuMnu ophenyweni. Ngesikhathi kwenzeka, uSchiller uphoqeleka ukuba adlule emihlanganweni eminingana eyinqaba, futhi eqhamuka eqenjini lokugcina uqobo aphendukela enkohlisweni kaChichikov. Iqhaza leManilov ochungechungeni lidlalwa yizakhamizi ze-Actor Pavel Favim.