I-Biograge
Idolobha elingavamile endaweni yangemva kweSoviet alinayo imephu yasemgwaqweni ebizwa ngegama likaKarl Liebrkt. Ngasikhathi sinye, akuwona wonke umuntu ohlala ngaphandle kosizo lwe- "Google" uzophendula ngokushesha, ubani lo muntu nokuthi yini edumile. Kodwa-ke, kwakuzwakala ukuthi kusuka esibomeni esimemezelwe kanzima kudonsela imali eyedlule yamaKhomanisi, inguquko kanye nemibono yeSocialist.Ubuntwana nentsha
UKarl Liebrnecht wazalwa ngonyaka we-1871 eLeipzig, idolobha elikhulu kakhulu laseSaxony. Abazali bomfana babehlobene ngqo nezepolitiki, futhi kwabonakala sengathi ikusasa lakhe linqunywe kusengaphambili kusukela ebuntwaneni. Shono ingane yaba ngumuntu ongunkulunkulu wobaba be-World Revolution - iKarl Marx neFriedrich Engels.
Izihlobo zengane zazivelele futhi zikhuthele, phakathi kwazo uMartin Luther. Umndeni wawungowokuhlelwa kwehlelo osuselwa okhokho abadumile. Omunye umkhulu uCharles uprofesa eyunivesithi, owesibili ungumongameli wePhalamende.
UWilhelm noNatalia Liebrnecht baletha izingane ezine, uKarl wayesemdala. UMfoweth 'uTheodore, u-Otto no-Wilhelm baphinde bashiya umkhondo emlandweni waseJalimane, bahlanganyela kwisayensi nezepolitiki.
Ubaba womndeni wawunamathele emibonweni yenguquko futhi wayeyilungu lePhalamende laseJalimane, emelela iqembu lentando yeningi lentando yeningi, futhi amadodana asuka ebuntwaneni athola ubuntwana bemibono yeMarxist.
Ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu e-Gymnasium ngo-1890, i-Onive Karl yangena e-University of Leipzig ngokukhetha ubuhlakani bezomthetho, khona-ke waqhubeka nemfundo eBerlin University. Njengoba benesiphiwo semvelo, lo mfo wabuye wakhombisa ukubekezelela ekufundiseni, njengoba kwazise ngokucacile ukuthi izintshisekelo zazo namalungelo afuna ukuvikela ngokuzayo. Lapho eneminyaka engu-26, wavikela i-thesis yakhe futhi waba udokotela womthetho.
Umsebenzi wezepolitiki
Kusukela ngo-1900, uCarl uba yilungu leqembu lentando yeningi yentando yeningi, eyasungulwa nguyise. Indoda isebenza njengommeli, evikela izinkantolo zabavukeli kanye nezangosayensi zabantu, eveza iziphathimandla ekushushisweni kokungafuneki nokwephulwa kwamalungelo abo.
Ezikhundleni ze-batch, kuhlelwe ukuthi uKarl wajoyina ama-radicals angakwesokunxele, avikele izimiso zempi futhi amise osemusha ekuqedeni kwempi. Ukuvukelwa kokuqala kweRussia kwezepolitiki ephefumulelwe ka-1905, futhi waqala ukukhuthaza imibono yamazwe omhlaba. ULiebnecht ukhuluma ama-proletarians aseJalimane ngemicimbi eRussia njengesibonelo esisebenzayo somzabalazo wezepolitiki.
Kusukela ngo-1907, iKarl isuselwa ku-Socialist International Feamer. Umsizi wakhe uba yi-Marxist eqinisekisiwe Rosa Luxembourg. Silindele ukucasulwa kwempi ebhubhisayo, uLiebnecht usebenzisa lonke uthuli kanye nobuhle benduna yenqubomgomo yempi yamandla asemthethweni. Kulawo makhetho, iNkantolo Yombuso yasola indoda ekuvukeni kombuso futhi ilahlwe isikhathi esingangonyaka nesigamu.
Kodwa-ke, ukuthandwa kwenqubomgomo kuphakeme kakhulu kangangokuba ukhethwe kwiPhini lasePrussian Chamber ngenkathi ephetha ngalo. Kusukela ngo-1912, uLiebnecht usevele uyisekela lokuncishiswa kweJalimane.
Ngokuqala kweMpi Yezwe I, ukwesaba okubi kakhulu kanye nezibikezelo zikaCharles kwagcwaliseka. Emhlanganweni weReichstag ngo-1914, wehlisa obala izinqubomgomo zamandla, ebiza impi yezulu nokwenqaba ukuvotela imali mboleko yezempi. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-Social Democratic Party isuka kummeleli omkhulu futhi ayifaki i-liebnecht kusuka ezikhundleni zayo.
Le nqubomgomo yenzeka le nqubomgomo, ngenxa yalokho awela enanini lokuhlanganiswa futhi athunyelwe ngaphambili aneminyaka engama-44. Lapho, umuntu wenzeka umkhankaso, wabiza amasosha ukuthi alwe nesitha sangaphandle esingacabangi, kodwa ngesilokazana sobukhosi baseJalimane.
Ukuqala kukaCharles Liebrnecht kuthululelwe ekwakhiweni kwe-anti-war Union "Spartak", okwaqala ukwenza kusukela ngo-1916.
Isiphetho
Iziqubulo zikaSpartak zibizele ukuba ama-proletarians ukuba ahlangane futhi aphikise ubutha. NgoMeyi 1, 1916, uLiebnecht ubamba iqhaza kulolo mboniso futhi ubiza abantu ukuba bagumbuqele uhulumeni ohola impi enegazi ebeka phambili. Kulokhu, ulahliwe iminyaka engu-4 ejele, wagwetshwa umsebenzi wezenkolo.
UCarl ukhonza uhhafu wethemu kuphela futhi ukhishwe ngo-1918 ngemuva koguquko lukaNovemba futhi agumbuqelwe umbuso weKaiserov. Sengiphetha, inguquko ayizange ishiye umsebenzi womkhankaso futhi yaqhubeka ngokuya enkululekweni.
Ngo-December 1918, kanye neRosa Luxembourg, indoda isuselwa ephathini yamaKhomanisi yaseJalimane. Umdubuli wephathi wayeyiphephandaba "fan fan". UKarl Liebrnecht akanasizathumanga ukuthi owayekade enobungane ePhathi Yentando Yeningi Yezenhlalo ebangeni elinobumbano negunya lobugebengu be-Imperiast futhi lihambisana nobuso babo bezitha ezingenakuphikiswa.
Ngo-1919, uLiebnecht ubhekisa ukuvukela okulwa nohulumeni, ebiza ukubhukuda kwamaDemokhrasi ezenhlalo futhi asuse amandla abasebenzi namasosha. Isiphathimandla kanye nokuxhaswa okukhulu ukuthi amaKhomanisi anawo, aphoqa abaphikisi bakhe besaba kakhulu imiphumela yokuvunyelwa. Ingathululela kalula empini yombango. Ngakho-ke, abaphathi bamemezela ngokusemthethweni uKarl Liebrnecht noRosa Luxembourg yizigebengu zoMbuso futhi babeka umvuzo wemali amakhanda abo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Empilweni yomuntu siqu kaLiebrnecht kwakukhona abesifazane ababili abaphambili. I-Yulia Paradise yaba ngumlingani wokuqala, uKarl washada ngawo ngo-1900. Lo mbhangqwana wawuhlala ndawonye iminyaka engu-11, kuze kube sekufeni komkakhe. Umfelwa oneminyaka engu-40 wahlala nezingane ezintathu: uWilhelm, uRobert nokholo. Indodana ephakathi kwenguquko yaba ngumculi futhi yathola iziqu ezinsukwini zayo eParis ngo-1994.
Ngonkosikazi wesibili, uRhoshovchanka Sofia Riesh, uLiebnecht wahlangana ngo-1903. AmaJuda ngobuzwe, intombazane yayiyindodakazi yomthengisi nomnikazi wesitshalo. Uthole imfundo yezomlando yobuciko eBerlin, lapho ahlangana khona noCarl. Ngo-1912, bashada, futhi uSophia wanakekela izingane ezincane ezaqhubeka nokunakekela kwakhe ngokuphelele ngemuva kokushona komyeni wakhe ngo-1919.
Njengoba esehlale esimweni esinzima, umfelokazi wabonakala ecela usizo kuVladimir Lenin, kanye ne-Poploving of USSR ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo exhasa umndeni. Kusukela ngo-1933, uSophia Borisovna wathuthela eMoscow, lapho ayehlala khona endlini enkulu futhi esebenza njengomfundisi. Waphila iminyaka engama-81 futhi wangcwatshwa ngenhlonipho njengemali yesibonelelo esikhulu.
UKarl Liebrnecht uthi: Yize athandazele nge-polish Jewish Rose Luxembourg. Iqiniso elihehayo - bafa ngosuku olulodwa, futhi le nkulumo inombala ojwayelekile wothando. Kodwa-ke, ubungani kanye nobuqotho kulokho okujwayelekile kubo kubo. URosa wagcina ubudlelwane obufudumele no-sofia futhi wajoyina izincwadi, ukuhlinzeka ukwesekwa phakathi neminyaka yomyeni wakhe.
Ukushona
I-biography kaKarl Liebrnecht iyaphela. NgoJanuwari 15, 1919, inguquko evumayo ibamba efulethini elibumbane futhi yashaya isibhamu. Ababili ababhubhisi basebenza ngokomile futhi benovalo, bezama, ukuveza abamele uMthetho. Bathembisa ukuthatha indoda ejele, kepha isendleleni balahlwe ngaphandle kwemoto badubule. Umbulali kaLebnecht obizwa ngokuthi uRudolf Lipman.
Isiphetho esifanayo sasihlupheka futhi savuka iLuxembourg, isidumbu sakhe esithola emfuleni kuphela entwasahlobo. Imbangela yokufa yayiyizibhamu ezazidukiswa yi-Herman Herman Sushon. Akekho noyedwa kwababulali abatholwa enecala. Amaphephandaba asemthethweni achaze ukubulawa kwabantu abavuselelekayo ngokulimala emgwaqweni okungahleliwe.
I-Charles Liebnecht yethuna kaBerlin itholakala eBerlin futhi yitshe lethuna lemabula epinki nombhalo we-laconic. Ukwahlulela ngesithombe, i-slab ethuneni likaRosa Luxembourg lifana naYe njengamaconsi amabili amanzi.