I-Biograge
"I-Lorenzo Medici" ebabazekayo "uLorenzo Medici yayihlala esikhathini se-Heyday of the Renaissance yase-Italy. UPolintshian, i-Prisomat kanye nezazi zokuvikela, abaculi nezimbongi zazimi ekhanda leFlorentine Republic, de facto ngokuba yinkosi yayo kuphela. Inzalo kaMholi woMbuso uKozimo Old yadume ngeqiniso lokuthi esimweni esinzima sezombusazwe nakwezomnotho, wakwazi ukugcina umhlaba osesimweni esincane futhi wanakekela ukuthula kwengqondo nenhlala-kahle yezakhamizi.Ubuntwana nentsha
Lorenzo di Piero de Medici, kamuva owathola isidlaliso esikhulu, wazalwa ngoJanuwari 1, 1449. Umkhulu wakhe uKozimo wakudala wayengumsunguli wobukhosi bababusi beFlorentine, oqoqana esinye sezifundazwe ezinkulu eYurophu. Ejabule ngokupha kanye nokwesekwa kobuciko obuhle, umvikeli kanye nebhange elihambile ezinganeni zobulungisa nothando oluhle.
Ubaba uLorenzo, Piero Di kozimo, wabantu abazuze njengefa futhi wawusenkabeni yempilo yomphakathi yeRiphabhulikhi. Wayengumqoqi kanye noSanta we-Creative Nature, kuyilapho uMalume Giovanni Di kozimo amele imali futhi anakekelwa izintshisekelo zebhizinisi zomndeni wakwaMedici.
Umama wokuqhubeka kwababusi bamaFlorentine uLucretia Tornabouoni waqhamuka kubasekeli bomndeni we-medici futhi wayengumngane wezazi zefilosofi nababhali be-platonic academy eRosiji. Owesifazane ofundile, ebhala izinkondlo zezinkondlo nezinkondlo, ngemuva kokushona koshashayo waba ngumeluleki nendodana futhi wamsekela kanye nezinye izingane esifisweni sokuhambisa ubuciko nokuxhasa izwe elincane laseNyakatho neThalian State .
Bobabili abazali baye bacabanga ngokuqhubekayo ngekusasa leRiphabhulikhi yaseFlorence futhi, ukukhulisa izingane ezinhlanu, kubhekwa njengeLorenza abanethalente futhi bethembisa. Bahlele imfundiso yeNdodana kuma-diplomats, ababhishobhi kanye nezazi zefilosofi futhi bamukele isithakazelo kuma-Kingnely Tournaments kanye nezinye izinto zokuqeqeshwa ezempi nangokomzimba.
Kanye nezihloko ezijwayelekile, uPiero Di kozimo wahlanganyela ekwakhekeni kweNdodana futhi kusukela eminyakeni engu-19 wamyala ngomsebenzi womakhelwane onokwethenjelwa, ohlanganisa uhambo lwebhizinisi eziya emazweni angomakhelwane kanye noPapa nomunye umuntu ophakeme.
Indikimba Ebusayo
Ngo-1469, ngemuva kokushona kukayise, uLorenzo wamukela iBhodi of Florence, ekhathele yi-mismanatagement, izimpi nezindleko zezepolitiki. Indlalifa yoDweli ocebile waseYurophu yaqala ukuhola isimo nge-surrogates, eyayihlangane emikhandlwini yasemadolobheni, yafuna lokho okufiswa yizinsongo, izinkokhelo kanye nemishado yamasu.
Esimweni esinjalo, izakhamizi zeRiphabhulikhi, ezazinenkululeko encane yezepolitiki, zabusa ngokudelela kanye nokubusa kwesinqumo. Ngenxa yalokho, umndeni wakwaPazzi, ongomunye wamalungu akhe kwakunguMyeni kaLorenzo, uBiaci Medici, wahlela uzungu ngamandla akhona.
E-Easter ngeSonto, Ephreli 26, 1478, leli qembu libhekiswe nguFrancesco Pazzi lenze umzamo eLorenza nomfowabo uJuliano eCathedral bazama ukubamba amandla eRiphabhulikhi. Ukuzama i-coup, ubusiswe upapa we-sequunt yaseRoma uV, waphumelela ingxenye kuphela. Umbusi weFlorentine waphunyuka ngokuyisimangaliso ekufeni wabaleka, washiya isifiso esifayo sokudideka kwezigebengu.
Kulandelwa inqubo, lapho ababambiqhaza lapho bezungeza khona uzungu, kubandakanya umshana wePontifica kanye nombhishobhi omkhulu wasePisa, babanjwa, icala likaLynch labulawa. Lezi zindlela zokuvimbela ezibizwa ngokuthi ulaka lwaNhlangano SOBO, ophuce impahla eningi ye-Medici njengempendulo, kwesobunxele uLorenzo nohulumeni waseRiphabhulikhi esontweni futhi babeka ukuboshwa endaweni yezwe laseFlorentine.
Ukubona ukuthi lezi zenzo zazingenawo umphumela, i-Sikst IV ahlangene nenkosi yaseNaples futhi yahlela ukuhlaselwa kwamasosha eRiphabhulikhi. Izinduku zabantu zizungeze iNkosi, kepha azikwazanga ukumelana namabutho anembe, futhi impi yaqala ukubambezeleka. Le nkinga yavunyelwa ngenxa yezepolitiki kanye nemizamo yezombusazwe kaLorenzo, owaya enkosini enobutha kanye nezinyanga ezimbalwa kamuva waphetha isivumelwano sokuthula.
Le mpumelelo yaholela ekuguqukeni komthethosisekelo okuhloswe ngayo ukuqinisa amandla wombuso wobukhosi, futhi kuvunyelwe ukuxhasa ubudlelwano namazwe ase-Italian, kanye neFrance noMbuso WaseRoma ongcwele.
Ngaphandle kokubheka iziphanzi, abantu be-florentine babethanda umbusi wakhe, owaqala ukuhweba no-Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II futhi wahlanza isimo sezezimali eRiphabhulikhi.
Ukuphela kwento emnyama enedumela likaLorenzo Medici kwakuyisigameko semayini yezimayini eVolret, lapho ama-Itilumboni Lokwendawo efuna ukwenza inzuzo kusuka kwidiphozi ye-Alum. Ukungafuni ukunikeza isabelo sebhubesi imali engenayo ekuthengisweni kwezinto zemvelo, uhulumeni wacindezela ukuPhakashela inani labantu futhi kwagcina kwagcwala idolobha.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, inhloko ye-Florence yamfanelekela izifundo futhi yathola abangane abaningi, iyaqhubeka namasiko emindeni yabathengi abahle. ULorenzo wazungeza ngamakhosi, phakathi kwabo kwakungu-Antonio del Polylolo, Sandro Bottlicelli, Leonardo da Vinci kanye Michelangelo Buonarot. Futhi yize umbusi akazange azikhisele ezakhe imidwebo nemifanekiso, wanikeza abadwebi abanomsebenzi okhokha kakhulu kusuka kwezinye izinto eziphakeme.
Kodwa-ke, ubuciko abagcini nje ngokuletha ubumnandi obuhle babazukulu beKozimo Old, kodwa futhi kwasiza ukuqinisa ubudlelwano bezepolitiki nabezepolitiki. Isibonelo, nge-Abaculi bathunyelwe ukuzokwakha ama-frescoes eSicstinian Chapel, uLorenzo waqinisa umhlaba noMbuso WaseRoma kanye neNhloko yeSonto LamaRoma Katolika uPontiff Sicstom IV.
Ukuqoqa izincwadi ezingandile nezinto ezibalulekile, inhloko yeRiphabhulikhi yabheka isimo somndeni futhi ngemuva kokuwa kwengxenye yamagatsha asebhange lomndeni aphendukela esabelweni sobugebengu kanye nezimali zomphakathi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1467, uLucretia Tornaboui wavuma umshado wendodana yakhe ne-Aristocrat yaseRoma i-Orsini. Lo mshado wenzeka ngoFebhuwari 1469 eFlorentine Cathedral yaseSt.
Kodwa-ke, uLorenzo wafuna le ndlalifa, futhi umfazi waqhubeka ngokutholwa "enza" inzalo ". Sekukonke, ababusi besithathu boMudici Dynasty babenezingane eziyi-10, ezintathu zazo zafa ebuntwaneni.
Indawo yombusi wangempela kaFlorence yathola iPiero II di Lorenzo, izalwe ngoFebhuwari 15, 1472. Futhi indodana elandelayo uGiovanni Di Lorenzo uthathe isikhundla sesahluko seSonto LamaRoma Katolika futhi sathola igama likaNgonyama X.
ULucretia noLorenzo bebengajabule empilweni yakhe. Umbusi weRiphabhulikhi wasebenzisa isikhathi esiningi esizungezwe yizifundo nemizwa emnene yentombazane yaseFloretia yaseLucretia Donati. Futhi umkakhe wavakashela eRoma ngezikhathi ezithile, ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela imibono yendoda yakhe, wahlala isikhathi eside ezihlotsheni.
Ukushona
Ngokwezingcweti zezimbali, zonke izinhlobo zemvelo ze-physici ngamazinga ahlukahlukene adonsela phansi ahlushwa i-gout, futhi amahle kakhulu weLorenzo awedluli.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inzalo kaPierrot di kozimo yayihlanganyele njalo emiqhudelwaneni kaNgoma, ukugula kwazenza kwazwakala kwabangu-43. UMbusi wayeka eqhuba izindaba zomphakathi futhi ancamela ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ezweni lezwe endleleni.
Ngokwobufakazi bezikhathi zesikhathi sika-1492, isimo sempilo yenhloko yeRiphabhuliki sesiye sawohloka, kwathi ngo-Ephreli 8, wafa ethule wafa ngaphansi kokushaywa kombani, washaya i-dome yephoyisa laseFlorentine. Kwakunamahlebezi okuthi imbangela yokufa kukaLorenzo kwaba isiqalekiso esithunyelwe yindela - ushintsho lwe-DZHIROLAMO Savonarol, nokho, kungenzeka ukuthi icala lalihlaselwe ngumzimba osuvele egula.
Ummeleli okhazimulayo wobukhosi be-medici wangcwatshwa ethuneni laseDonatello, elisesikebheni saseSt. Lawrence eFlorence. Ngo-1559, umzimba wombusi kazwelonke nomfowabo uJuliano wathuthela kwelinye i-japrisia entsha ngaphesheya kokuqunjelwa futhi wabekwa ngaphansi kwetshe elingenagama, elihlotshiswe ngesithombe seMadonna esenziwe nguMichelangelo.
Ukukhumbula
I-Biography Lorenzo Medici ayizange ihluke ezenzweni ezinhle zezepolitiki futhi yakhanyisa amasosha. Kodwa-ke, isithombe sombusi weFlorentine salondolozwa emlandweni kanti kamuva sasetshenziswa kaningi kubuciko, amafilimu nemibukiso ye-TV, njenge "Medici Demons" kanye "Medici: UFlorence Lords".
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVI, igama lomzukulu kaKozimo lendoda endala okukhulunywe ngalo encwadini ethi "UMbusi" uNiccolo MakiaVelli, futhi manje, labelwa umlingiswa womdlalo wevidiyo we-Iconic "Assassin's Creed II".