Umlando Wemilingiswa
Umlingiswa ophambili womsebenzi omuhle ka-Alexey Tolstoy "u-Hyperboloid Jeweleer". Unjiniyela waseRussia owadala i- "Hyperboloid" iyi-analogue ye-laser, idivaysi ekwazi ukukhipha amandla amakhulu we-thermal beam. Izikhali ezesabekayo ezibhubhisa ngokushesha noma yiziphi izinto. UGarin ukhathazekile ngombono wokubuswa komhlaba, futhi okwesikhashana isimilo singaba umashiqela e-United States.Umlando wendalo
U-Alexey Tolstoy uqedile umsebenzi encwadini ebabazekayo ethi "Hyperboboloid Engineer Garina" ngo-1927. Umqondo wenoveli weza ngendlela emincane ngemuva kwengxoxo nomngani ngegama lika-Olenin. Utshele umlobi ngokuthuthukiswa konjiniyela othile owashona ngo-1918. Lo njiniyela kuthiwa wakhe i-aggregate efana ne-hyperboloid ebukhali echaziwe.
Ukusebenza inoveli, umbhali waheha ochwepheshe, ngokwesibonelo, isifundo sikaPeter Lazarev, edumile ngesikhathi se-physics. UTolstoy naye wajwayelana nezikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zemibono yama-molecular physics. Amanothi enziwe ngesikhathi sokulungiselela umsebenzi kwinoveli, atholakala ezincwadini ezirekhodiwe zombhali ekuqaleni kusukela ekuqaleni kwama-20s wekhulu lamashumi amabili. Umlobi ubezobhala inoveli yezingxenye ezintathu, owokuqala kufanele ukuba abe yinto emangazayo, yesibili - ubuqhawe kanye nowesithathu - utopian.
Ingxenye yokuqala yenoveli yanyatheliswa ngaphambi kokuba lonke umbhalo uqediwe - ngo-1925 emakamelweni amathathu kamagazini "Red Novy". Ngemuva konyaka, ingxenye yesibili yenoveli yashicilelwa kumagazini ofanayo. NgoFebhuwari 1927, uTolstoy washicilela uhlobo olusha lokuphela kwenoveli, eyayinesihloko esithi "uGarin - umashiqela" eRed Novi.
UTolstoy wayezoshicilela ephephabhukwini nengxenye yesithathu yenoveli ngoGarina, kepha akakaze abhale. Umbhali uveze uhlelo oluyingxenye yesithathu ehlobo lika-1924. Kwacatshangelwa ukuthi isikhathi sokusebenza kwenoveli sizoba ikusasa eliseduze - i-1930, isizinda siwukuqala kwempi yezwe yesibili, futhi konke obekumele kube sekuphelile e-European Revolution.
Kodwa-ke, lo mbono awuzange uphendukeke. Ngenxa yenoveli, ngenxa yalokho, ebhalwe eTolstoy, ehluke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuqala. Ngemuva kokuphothula umbhalo, umbhali waqhubeka ehlela inoveli. Ngo-1934, uTolstoy wenza ushintsho kwisitayela futhi waphonsa ingxenye yezahluko ezivela embhalweni, futhi ingxenye yancishiswa.
Ngemuva kweminye iminyaka emibili, le noveli bekufanele ivusele kabusha ngaphansi kwezithameli zezingane futhi yaphosa izigcawu "zabantu abadala". Ngo-1937, umlobi waphinda futhi wasebenza kabusha umbhalo futhi afaka izahluko ezintsha kwinoveli, engeza owokugcina, "anciphise" embhalweni wamagama esayensi. Ukuhlelwa kwakamuva kwe-stylistic kwenziwa ngo-1939, kwathi lapho ezinye izindawo eziphuthelwe zabuyiselwa.
"I-Hyperboloid kaGarina"
Ngokusho kwesakhiwo, uPeter Garin uklama ama-applatus, abiza "i-hyperboloid" esebenzisa thina uqobo lukaNikolay Manseva. UMantera uqobo wayeyi-geologist shoad futhi washona ngesikhathi kuqhubeka uTaiga. Ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo zalolu garin eziphumayo futhi zikwazile ukwakha isisekelo sethiyori ezamehlela, ezakhiwa.
UGarin uthola umlingani omelwe ngokugoqa - i-American Billionaire, imali enethonya kanye ne-Industrialist. Usebenzisa i-Hyperboloid, ama-Garin Erases avela ebusweni bezitshalo zomhlaba ezingabancintiswano abaqhudelanayo baseJalimane. IBillionaire ihlinzeka ngeqhawe lemali elisetshenziswa yi-garin ukumbamba isiqhingi olwandle lwePacific Ocean. Kulesi siqhingi, iqhawe lamukelwa ukuze likhiphe igolide. Amandla we-hyperbooid anikeza uGarin ukuwela emathuneni omhlaba, okwakukhona ngaphambi kwalokho kuhlale kungafinyeleleki. Ngenxa yalokhu, iqhawe lifinyelela kumadiphozithi wegolide elingasebenzi.
Ngenxa yabadidisi, uGarin uphendukela ukubonwa yigolide legolide, futhi izwe lasentshonalanga "longxowankulu" ligxile enkingeni ejulile. Ukusizakala ngalesi simo, uGarin uthenga amabhizinisi amakhulu ezimboni e-United States futhi ekugcineni uthole ithonya elinjalo eliba ngumashiqela.
Iqhawe lithatha igama elisha - uPierre Harry, kepha isikhathi eside sokubusa iMelika Garin ayiweli ithuba. Umenzeli weSoviet State Vasily Shelda, kanye neqembu labavukuvululo, ubamba i-hyperbobor, enamandla kaGarina. Ukulandela lokhu, kunokuvukela kwabasebenzi bendawo yonke.
-Vikayo
Ngo-1965, ifilimu eqanjiwe yesayensi "I-Hyperbobooid Engineer Garin" yadedelwa esikoleni saseGorky sikaGarina sacperboloboboboboboboboboloboli eMoscow kususelwa kuRoma alexi Tolstoy. Indima kaGarin kwakukhona uMlingisi u-Evgeny Evstigneev, futhi u-Alexander Ginzburg waba ngumqondisi wefilimu. Ukugxekwa kweSoviet Times vsevolod revich ebizwa ngefilimu ethi "I-Adventure Hilitant ngefilosofi engelusizo". Abanye abagxeki bagxile eqinisweni lokuthi abamnyama nabamhlophe "uGarin" badutshulwa kuma-aesthetics amafilimu aseMelika "uNoir" nangokungajwayelekile futhi athakazelisa kusuka endaweni ebukwayo.
Ngo-1973, "uchungechunge olune-mini-uchungechunge olune-krahi Galina" no-Oleg Borisov lwakhishwa ku-Lenfilm Film Studio. Umqondisi wefilimu - uLeonid Quutivihidze. Abadali befilimu bashiye ama-antioticopias amakhulu amnandi adalwe nguTolstoy. Izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu zefilimu ziboniswa "zisusiwe". I-Garin kusuka ku-fanatics ngezinhlelo ezinhle ziphenduka umuntu ofuna ukucebisa kuphela. UZoya, inkosikazi kaGarina, kusuka kubafowabo obukhona, obusebenza ngobubanzi, baphenduke intokazi.
Kumafilimu ukuphambuka okuningi kusuka kwisakhiwo senoveli. Isibonelo, uhlamvu lwe-Charger encwadini ludlala indima encane. Efilimu, lo muntu uboniswa yi-ejenti yenhlangano ethile yamaFascist, okuhlala kuthinta okwenzekayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubudlelwano babalingiswa abaphambili budluliselwa ngokucacile kwifilimu.
UVasily Shelda kuRoma - Isikhulu Esiphenya Ngobugebengu ePetrograd kanye ne-ejenti yeSoviet, ebibambisene nedivayisi yokuvukelwa kwezandulela. Kulefilimu, leli qhawe leli liphenduke libe yi-novice physics, elibandakanyeka kuNjiniyela uLigina ekucabangeni kwabanye ukuthanda izwe kanye nelukuluku lesayensi, hhayi nakancane.
Futhi, azikho izehlakalo zomhlaba wonke ezichazwe kwinoveli, inhlekelele yomhlaba wonke, ihlelwe nguGarin, iphikiswa ngumlingiswa oyinhloko kanye noVasily Shelda, ukuguquguquka kwezwe, njalonjalo. I-Hyperboloid uqobo kwifilimu nayo ayifani neze-affatus echazwe kwinoveli.