I-Biograge
Ngokwesiko laseBashkiria, isithombe seSalavat Yulaeva sicishe sifane nakwamaRussia - isibalo sika-Ilya Muromets. I-Associates Emelthel Pugacheva, insizwa, ekhiqizwa eBrigadiers amabutho akhe eminyakeni engama-20, hhayi kuphela isibalo esingokomlando, kodwa futhi nenganekwane. Yize i-batyr nembongi yalwa isikhathi esingaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 futhi yahlangana nokufa eKatorga, ngaphandle Kwakhe, isiko lakwaBashkir lalizobukeka ngendlela ehlukile.Ubuntwana nentsha
Ayikho imininingwane enombono ebonakalayo e-biography yokuqala yeSalavat Yulaeva. Usuku lokuzalwa ngoJuni 16, 1754 lwasungulwa emazwini akhe lapho kumiswa imibuzo ngemibuzo, ngonyaka we-1775, i-Pugachev, uhambo oluyimfihlo lweSenethi lwazisa i-Sernelition Elemfihlo ukuthi wayeneminyaka engama-21 ubudala. Njengenyanga futhi kwakamuva kwaqala ukusebenzisa maphakathi nonyaka. Iqhawe elithandwayo elizayo lazalwa edolobhaneni laseTekeevo Shaitan-Kudevskaya esifundeni sase-Orenburg. Manje le ndawo yokuhlala ayikho - idolobhana labhubhisa amabutho esifundazweni lapho licindezela ukuvukela kwe-pugachev.
ISalavat yaqhamuka emndenini ohlonishwayo: Uyise wakhonza enduneni yekhulu embuthweni waseRussia, kamuva wamiswa umdala ongumdala. U-Yulay Aznalin wayeyisosha elihle futhi ngesikhathi somkhankaso wasePoland obhekene nabasekeli beCart Confederation bathola isibhengezo sempi esincane njengomklomelo. Kamuva, ngo-1773, le ndoda yadlulisela isibhengezo seSalavat, eyayingekho lapho uYise eyayingena esikhundleni sakhe njengeNhloko yomdala.
UYulay Aznalin ubengafundile, kepha indodana yakhe yanikeza ithuba lokutadisha. Akukaziwa kahle ukuthi iSalavat yafunda kuphi futhi kanjani: mhlawumbe ezikoleni zenkolo yamaSulumane, mhlawumbe ezivela kothisha abazimele. Kodwa-ke, le nsizwa yaqeqeshwa ngokufunda nangokubhala, yayazi ulimi lwamaTurkey, futhi akazange azizwe nobunzima baseRussia. Kusukela kuYise, le nsizwa igxile ekubekezeleni ubulungisa nothando ngezwe lakubo nabantu bayo. Kamuva, kwakuyinsizwa impela eliseceleni kwalesi sivukeli futhi yanquma ikusasa layo.
Impi Yempi Nokukhuphuka
Lapho u-EdeLnan Pugachev ephakamisa ukuvukelwa kwayo futhi waqala impi yabampofu, abasekeli bakhe bahola imikhankaso emabuthweni aseBashkir. Ngenxa yalokho, ngoNovemba 10, 1773, iSalavat yulaev, kanye ne-surtachment yabangu-1,200, abaphikisi amasosha ama-Pricing "Peter III", futhi athuthela eceleni kwakhe. Ubaba weqhawe lesikhathi esizayo naye wenza.Le nsizwa ikholelwa ngokweqiniso eqinisweni lemvelaphi yasebukhosini yePugachev kanye nemfanelo 'yemfanelo' yakhe 'ngokuziphatha', ngokusho kwayo uBashkiram wakhala ngomhlaba kanye nokuvunyelwa kokuphila ngokokholo lwamaSulumane. Ngesikhathi ngiphenywa ngemibuzo, uSalavat wathi amahemuhemu asemficekile kuye ngokungcweliswa 'koMbusi ", kepha umhlubuki akazange akukholwe.
Kusukela maphakathi no-Novemba kuya maphakathi no-December, kanye nabanye abavukeli, le nsizwa yabamba iqhaza ezimpini, lapho ilimele futhi yazibonakalisa ipipi elinesibindi: UPugachev wamkhiqiza nge-chin colonel. Inyanga esikhungweni saseBerd sasingesikole samasosha aseSalavat kanye ne-Ideological School: Wathola isipiliyoni sokulwa kanye nokuqonda kokugcina, kungani abantu beludinga lolu uvuki.
Kusukela ngoDisemba 1773 kuya ku-Januwari 1773, iSalavat yayiseNyakatho-East of Bashkiria, lapho ayevele ekhona ngokuzimela, njengomsizi webutho lasePugachev. Waqoqa ukungcola kwemibono engama-800, futhi ukuboshwa kwafakwa phakathi - ngaphezu kweBashkir, Mishary, Chuvashi, amaTatar alwa emigqeni yamavukelambuso. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abahlubuki abaningi ngokwengeziwe abavela ezindaweni zaseBashkir bajoyina abantu baseSalavat. NgoMashi, le nsizwa, engakaphuli le nqwaba yesithathu, yaba yimpi enkulu.
NgoJanuwari, amabutho ePugachev ngaphansi komyalo weSalavat Yulaeva esivunguvungwini - Imizamo yokuxhumana nokuthula neziphathimandla yehlulekile, futhi kwanqunywa ukuthatha isikhungo sokuphatha semithetho esentshonalanga ngamandla. Kodwa-ke, impumelelo yevuselwa ephulukisiwe ayifinyelelanga: Izinduna zingenawo isipiliyoni sokulwa, futhi zivela endaweni yokubuka ama-artillery amabutho ama-pugachev abuthakathaka. ISalavat empini yathola ukulimala okunzima, kepha ngoFebhuwari wabuyela ekusebenzeni futhi walwa kaninginingi namabutho ka-Alexei ObernibeSsov no-Alexey Papava.
Ukubuyela eBashkiria, umholi wezempi osemusha wawuthatha ngokungathí sina ukugcwala kwezikhundla zamasosha e-Emely Pugachev, eyayiqhubekela phambili kwinqaba kazibuthe. Abagibeli bakaSalavat ngokwakhe bebevele becishe babe yizinkulungwane ezine zabantu ngalesi sikhathi, futhi ekhanda lalesi sisu, insizwa yaphikisana nenkani uColonel Ivan Mikhelson. NgoMeyi, abaphikisi bahlangane kathathu ezimpini, kanti amasosha anolwazi uMifelson avumile ukuthi amabutho ezitha alungiswa ngokuphelele, futhi umphathi wawo waba yi-warlord enekhono.
NgoJuni 1774, ukuxhumana kwe-salavat kujoyine amabutho kaPugachev, futhi izihlubuki zalwa nabantu uMichelson. ULieutenant Colonel kubikwa kamuva ukuthi isitha sashaywa, kepha u-Emelynan Ivanovich wakhumbula ngesikhathi ephenywa ngemibuzo, abakwazanga ukunqoba omunye komunye nomunye ngesiMinelson, ngenxa yalokho "okuphambukayo." NgoJuni 5, i-Pugachev yaqoka amabutho e-salavat yulaeva Brigadier Force, futhi uyise waba yi-Ataman esemqoka futhi wahlanganyela ekuqhubeni izindatshana zombango endleleni yaseSiberia.
Ngemuva kwempi, i-pugachev yathuthela eKazan, kanti iBrigadier ilulama ngemuva kokulimala kanzima, yathunyelwa esifundazweni sase-Ufa. Lapho, uSalavat waphinda wabandakanyeka ekwakhekeni kwamasosha, futhi waphinde walawula okubizayo phakathi kweYakaterinburg ne-UFA - kwakuyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngo-Agasti, amabutho eBrigadier Pugachev Army athuthela e-Ufa, yize lokhu kuhlasela kwakuhlelwe ngokucacile, kwakungenzeki ukuthatha lo muzi - amabutho wombuso aphenduka abe yingcweti kuneziqubu.
Maphakathi no-Septhemba, ibhizinisi elivukelayo laba babi impela - amabutho ePugachev awashaywa, kwathunjwa i-Ivan Karpovich Rylelev yathunyelwa ekuphambukiseni iBashkir kusuka e-UFA. ULieutenant Colonel kaRyleev kabili ibutho le-salavat, kodwa ngisho nangemva kokubhujiswa kwamabutho aphambili, wenqaba ukunikela.
Amabutho akhe akwazi ukubhekana neBashkir Brigadier kanye nezinsalela zamabutho akhe kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekwindla: Novemba 25, 1774 ekugcineni izihlubuki zaze zaphulwa ezintabeni zaseKaratau. U-Salavat yulaev wathunjwa, futhi uYise waze wazenzela umfana futhi ngokuzithandela wanikela ngokuzithandela.
Ukudala
Okwesikhathi sikaSontoniso kwasazi i-Salavat yulaeva hhayi nje kuphela njengempi, kodwa futhi njengembongi enzima. Imisebenzi yakhe yanikela ezweni lakubo, abantu, inkolo nangokholo - konke okwakungokoqobo kwempilo. Kuze kube izinsuku zethu, umsebenzi oyiqiniso weSalavat akafikanga. Akunakwenzeka ukugcizelela ngokunemba ukuthi imigqa yanamuhla yabizwa ngokuthi amavesi, empeleni babebhalwe ngokuqondile kuSalavat yulaev, futhi ayona ingxenye yeBashkir Folk Poetry. Kodwa-ke, yena ngokwakhe waba yimpilo - isithombe sikaBatyr Salauate saba yisibalo esikhulu seqoqo lamasampula abhalwe phansi wobuciko beBashkir.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngokusho kwemibhalo, iSalavat yayinabafazi abathathu, futhi umshado owodwa wawungama-levirate - oshade naye nezingane zakhe bazuza ifa lomfowabo omdala. Izingane zikaPugachev uqobo zazine-2 ezimbili. Amagama aqondile abafazi bakaSalavat akwaziwa, kepha kukhona okucatshangwa ukuthi igama labo ngu-Amina, iZalech neBuranbic.
Ezinganekwaneni ngempilo yomuntu siqu yembongi, i-ekaterina mikhailovna kwesinye isikhathi isikhuluma ngesinye isikhathi ikhuluma indodana kaSalavat. Akunabufakazi bombono. Mhlawumbe icebo lasungulwa ukugcizelela isilinganiso esilinganayo seqhawe kuzo zonke izinhlanga.
Kwenzekani emndenini weSalavat ngemuva kokuboshwa kanye nokulahlwa kweRoseman, akwaziwa. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kubanjwe, omkakhe nezingane zakhe bathathwa bathunjwa futhi balethe e-Ufa, kodwa isiphetho sabo esithe xaxa asishiwo noma kuphi.
Enye imfihlakalo yeSalavat Yulaeva ukubukeka kwakhe. Ukuhlubuka bekukhonjiswe kaningi emifanekisweni, kepha bayizithelo zabaculi abayizimanga. Yonke imininingwane mayelana nokuthi ubukeka kanjani beBashkir Pugacheva kaBashkir, uqukethwe ehhovisi lesifundazwe lase-WoFi eKatorga. Ngokusho kwakhe, uSalavat Yulaev iminyaka engama-21 wawungowokukhula kwaleyo minyaka yokukhula - cishe ngo-162 cm, wayenamehlo amnyama nezinwele, emakhaleni adabule kanye nesibazi esihlathini sobunxele.
Katorga nokufa
Ngemuva kophenyo lwezinsuku eziningi, ngoJulayi 15, 1775, uSalavat yulaev noYulay Aznalin bagwetshwa ukujeziswa ngokomzimba kanye neCatherga yaphakade. Ubaba nendodana bathole isibhamu esingu-175. Le ngxenye yesijeziso ihlukaniswe: Amadoda athole iziteleka ezingama-25 endaweni ngayinye lapho kwakuqhutshwa khona impi. Emva kwalokho, uSalavatu noJulia bahlwitha emakhaleni futhi bafake uphawu, babeka izimpawu ngohlobo lwezinhlamvu "s", "B" "kanye", okwasho "villain", "BuntOvshchik".
Ngaphambi kokuthumela ku-katorga, kwavela ukuthi obulala uMartyn uSustrov wasebenza ngokungafanele: zombili izigebengu zimangele emangele emangele, futhi uYella wayenenhlamba engabonakali. USuslova wajeziswa, futhi amakhala akhangelayo avezwa iziboshwa, izivunguvungu zilungiswe futhi ngemuva kwalokho zathunyelwa eKaterga, eBaltic Fortress Rogervik.
Idatha yokuthi iSalavat yulaev ibinza kanjani isigwebo, cha. Ngokusho kohlu lwamacala kaMeyi 19, 1797, kuyaziwa ukuthi uJulay Aznalin ubesesimweni esibucayi ngenxa yeminyaka ne-zing, futhi ominyakeni engu-45 ubudala wahlwanyelwa. Noma kunjalo, Septhemba 26, 1800, kwafa uSalavat Yulaev. Imbangela yokufa ihlala ingaziwa.
Ukukhumbula
- I-Opera "Salavat yulaev"
- I-Ballet "Eagle Eagle"
- Ifilimu "Salavat yulaev"
- Isikhumbuzo - i-bust yethuli elenziwe ePaldiski, e-Estonia
- Isikhumbuzo SaseSalavatu yulav e Ufa, eRussia
- Imnyuziyamu yeSalavat yulaeva edolobheni laseSalavations District of Bashkortostan