I-Biograge
Isithombe esidumile sa- "futhi, kabili" ngesikole esidabukisayo sabona ngamunye - ngokuzala kabusha ezincwadini, amakhadi eposi noma egalari ye-Tretakov. Kepha bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi ungowesibili kuphela we-trilogy yomculi. Ucingo lokuqala oluthi "lwafika eholidini", olwesithathu - "ukuhlolwa kabusha". Umlobi we-Masterpre Fyodor Pavlovich Reshetnikov akazange ahlale phansi kabi nge-canvas, futhi enza ukuphuma kwe-arctic eSibiryakov naseChelyuskin, athola ama-oda ama-2.Ubuntwana nentsha
NgoJulayi 15, ngokwesitayela esidala, noma ngomhlaka 28 ngonyaka omusha, ngo-1906 emndenini weReshetnikov, owayehlala edolobhaneni laseSursko-Lithuanian (manje eyi-Ukraine, ingane yesibili yaqanjwa. . Ukuphonsa ubuciko obubonayo kubonakala kufakwa kulo kusukela ebuntwaneni. Ubaba uPawulu wabandakanyeka ekwakheni isithonjana, futhi ngokwesibonelo sakhe, umfowethu umdala wamfunda esikoleni se-Kiev Art.
Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokufa kwabo bobabili abazali, ukutadisha kwakufanele kushiyelwe ukufundisa nokugcina umndeni. Lo mfanyana wazibandakanya ekudwebeni kwamasonto namathempeli, futhi izikhotha zalabo basanta zibhale ekhaya ngesikhathi sakhe samahhala. UFedlana omncane wasiza ukuthi angakwazi kanjani - ahlikihla upende, ama-canos aphekwe namabhulashi.
Kuyaziwa nangokuthi umfowe wesithathu ka-Ivan wayenabo futhi kamuva wahlatshwa umxhwele yinguquko. Mayelana nalokhu, iminonjana yesikhathi sakhe eside yalahleka, azikho ulwazi olunembile lwe-biograographical ngalo. Ngokuzayo, bobathathu bahlangana eMariupol eminyakeni engama-30.
Njengekusasa, umdwebi odumile wawuthathwa ngabomvu kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi. Phakathi kobungcweti obakhiwe nguye - umklami wezikhungo zasemasiko endawo kanye nenhlangano yezemidlalo yasesifundazweni, inhloko yekozazi yomculo, umbazi, uShoemaker, umdwebi wezemidlalo.
Kamuva, wasebenza ekilabhini yabasebenzi kasitile - kusukela lapha wamthumela esiswele sobuciko, esanikeza ithuba lokuthola imfundo ephakeme. Ukucishwa, i-reshetnikov yenze ukukhetha esikhundleni se-vhutelas, lapho angena khona ngo-1929.
Emihlanganweni yokucobelelanazo, wafaka ngopende ulwazi olufundiswe nguSergey Gerasimov ("Umama Partisan", "FrongOVIK") noDmitry Moore (Agitplacat "obhale phansi ngevolontiya?"). Impumelelo yokuqala ayizange iphoqelelwe ukuba ilinde - Umfundi onekhono owayewe ngaphansi kwethonya leqembu lokudala le- "Kukryniksi", elibizwa ngokuthi yiCarloon "I-Virtuoso Graphic Cartoon".
Amakhono atholakele athola amathuba amasha phambi kwensizwa. Ngibonga kubo, wawela ekuhambeni kwama-polar njengomculi wentatheli. UFedor wamukelekile ikakhulukazi ukuba seSiberia, eceleni no-Otto Schmidt. Iqiniso elihehayo: Kwakuwukubhukuda ukuthi wabhala isithombe esihle se-rusut "ukulungisa" Sibiryakov "eqhweni".
Lo "ukuhamba" okulandelayo ekwakhiweni kwe- "Chelzulun" kudlulile kubona kube nzima ukwedlula owokuqala - umkhumbi wasindiswa, wabuyela ezweni elikhulu. Imidwebo eyenziwe nguReshetnikov, yamukelwa ngentshiseko emphakathini nokugxekwa.
Ukudala
Ngo-1934, ekugcineni kweNyuvesi, iReshetnikov yaqala ukusungulwa okuzimele, yadala inqwaba yemisebenzi nge-Orriental and Pathriatic. Bese kuba noguquko olubushelelezi ekupendweni kwe-Easel. Le nqubomgomo ayizange ihlale eceleni - ngoba "i-Generalissimus yeSoviet Union" I-Master yanikezwa umklomelo wokuqala we-Stalin.Ngo-1952, umsebenzi wobuciko odlula konke "futhi, amabili", abedume kakhulu, kunezinye izingxenye ezimbili ze-trilogy kwavela. Ngaphambili, ngakwesobunxele - ingane yesikole eyabona ekuhlolweni okulandelayo okungagculisi kanye necala lalokhu kwehlise amehlo akhe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umama, izindaba ezintsha, udadewethu omdala - iphayona, ngokubukeka kwalo angahlulelwa ngokuqiniseka ukuthi amamaki akhe awazange awe ngaphansi kwalawa amane nanhlanu. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi kwenzekani, njengoba kwenzeka njalo, ngijabule kumnikazi omncane wenja ethembekile, egijimela kubafana.
Isibukeli sizobona lapha nalapha umfowabo omncane, kepha ngeke athole uYise. Ngokunokwenzeka, washona empini (isithombe esivela etafuleni savela etafuleni ngaphansi kwesibani). Ukunakekelwa, ukunakekelwa nokukhuliswa kwezingane ezintathu ezibekwe emahlombe kowesifazane. Kepha ngokuvamile, umndeni awuzange uvumelane ukuthi ubukhona bamawashi odonga, ibhayisekili kanye nekhaphethi yangaphandle.
Kunemibono eminingana eminingana eyayisebenza njenge-prototype yomlingiswa ophambili. Abanye babekholelwa ukuthi le yiNdodana yomakhelwane-uGardeist Gustav Klotsis. Abanye babekholelwa ukuthi indodakazi yenziwa yindodakazi kaReshetnikova Lyuba, eyayibopha izindebe zayo futhi yabheka ukuthi "nesud" yathola "nesud".
"Ngiyamangala ukubhala isithombe sohlobo mayelana nezivivinyo esikoleni, waqala ukuba sezifundweni, wahlala phansi emhlane wabuka abafana. Kumele kushiwo ukuthi izingane zimbheka ngomculi wazo, umalume wagcina imisebenzi eminingi yesikole ebhaliwe esithombeni sakhe, "kusho umshana webhisikidi, u-Eugene.Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba 2015, imidwebo emibili ye-canvas nomqondo omubi wasiza umhlali we-RUSRA endala ukushaya ama-connoisseurs ombukiso wengqondo "yini? Kuphi? Nini?". Abadlali bacelwa ukuba bathole umlingiswa olahlekile futhi baphendule lokho umdwebi abenzile ukuze "adonse" emvelweni. Futhi uma ngengxenye yokuqala yomsebenzi ohlezi etafuleni wabhekana kalula, ukuqagela inja, khona-ke owesibili akazange akubekezelele. Impendulo efanele izwakala kanjena: Yondli umvimba.
Uma uphendukela kwi-slang yesimanje, khona-ke umbhali washiya amaqanda ama-Easter emibhalweni ye-trilogy - ku- "amabili" odongeni kukhona "ukufika ngamaholide", futhi e- "re-bal-yaim" kukhona futhi "Okubili futhi". Ngokuqondene nomsebenzi wokuqala walolu chungechunge, yize kukhona umkhosi wemimoya kanye nesimo semizwa ephakanyisiwe, uSuvorovskians wahlangana nabazali, kanye nobaba omncane. Futhi, njengoba wazi, eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, izingane zazivame ukwamukela izingane zikayise nonina ezingabuyanga enkundleni yempi.
Ingqikithi yobudala yembulwa ku- "abafana", ababukele imilaza ebusuku esibhakabhakeni ebusuku futhi bazama ukuqagela, kanye naku-canvas "emhlabeni!", Lapho abalingani abahlanu bebhala odongeni lwepende elimhlophe Lokho abakufisela kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwempumelelo yemidwebo eyenziwe ngohlobo lwasekhaya, i-reshetnikov yahlala ithembekile eSatire, eyayibonisa encwadini ethi "Satira kanye neCarrons enobungane" egameni elifanayo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
"Ngemuva kwempi, washada noLidiya Brodskaya, indodakazi yomculi u-Isaac Brodsky, umfundi we-Ilya waphinda wabuya. ULida wayemuhle kakhulu, wasebenza njengomdansi esekethe, futhi umalume wahlala naye ... nge-Easel. Futhi kwakungelona iqiniso: ULida waqala ukubhala izindawo zomhlaba, waba ngumdwebi odumile, wathola isihloko somculi wabantu be-USSR, "kusho uMalume Vasilyevich.Umfowabo omdala uVasily ngonyaka ka-2019 wabhekwa njengowena kuphela iqhawe eliphilayo le-USSR, elalilwa ku-IL-4. Ezinyathelweni zabazali abadumile - uLydia noFedor of the Rehetnikov - okuwukuphela kwendodakazi yothando kanye nendodakazi okuwukuphela kwendodakazi.
Ukushona
Ngaphezu kwezobuciko obonakalayo, iFyodor Pavlovich ibandakanyeke emisebenzini yokufundisa futhi yayinomhlahlandlela ophakeme othumele e-Academy of Arts.F. Reshetnikov.
- Teo (@teo_dorakis) Meyi 19, 2017
"Ukuthula"
Ngo-1950.
I-Rus Ressam Fyodor Reshetnikov, "Baryş", 1950 pic.twitter.com/a3zwwz3zz.
Umculi washiya umhlaba wasemhlabeni ngokuguga ngoDisemba 13, 1988. Ukufa sekufikile ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo. Ukuhlaziywa kokugcina kwe-Master Evelele yi-Vagankovsky Chemetery. Eduze kwakhe kuphumula noshade naye, owasinda kumyeni wakhe kafushane.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufa, abasebenzi beChita Museum bathola isithombe esilahlekile esithi "Indlu" ezindongeni zezohwebo zezohwebo zasendaweni kanye ne-Culinary College.
Imidwebo
- Ngo-1932 - "Ukulungisa" Sibiryakov "eqhweni"
- Ngo-1939 - "I-Self-Portrait"
- 1943 - "Edolobhaneni lasedolobheni elincane"
- 1945 - "Ulimi" Ulimi "
- 1945 - "Babushkina Care"
- Ngo-1947 - "Ngokunqoba! (Iqhawe elijabulisayo) "
- 1948 - "Ufike eholidini"
- Ngo-1948 - "Imidwebo yeqhawe leSoviet Union v. Reshetnikova"
- 1948 - "Portrait of L. Brodskaya"
- Ngo-1950 - "Okomhlaba!"
- 1952 - "Futhi" Ababili "
- 1952 - "Thanda Izifundo"
- 1954 - "I-PerseRentimente"
- 1971 - "Abafana"
- 1973 - "Ukufa kwe-" Chelyuskin "