I-Biograge
I-Legasov yamakhemikhali yaseSoviet i-Legasov ehlelekile yayiyingxenye yeSoviet Academy of Science. Kuze kube yimicimbi ethile, igama lendoda elabazi abantu abambalwa, kepha ngemuva kwengozi eChernobyl NPP, ayizange ishiye izihloko zamaphephandaba nomagazini isikhathi eside. Wenza umnikelo omkhulu ophenyweni lwale nhlekelele, kodwa ngenxa yokufa okungalindelekile nokungaqondakali, kwakungenaso isikhathi sokuzwakala amaqiniso atholakele.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-biography yesifundo sesikhathi esizayo semfundo yaqala eTula, lapho yazalwa ngoSepthemba 1, 1936. Kungekudala ngemuva kokuzalwa kweNdodana, lo mndeni wathuthela eMoscow, kukhona umfana futhi wafunda esikoleni. Abazali bakhe babengabasebenzi abalula, futhi uValery kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala yokutadisha bafaka amathemba amakhulu, kanye nesitifiketi sokuvuthwa, wathola indondo yegolide.
Ngemuva kwesikole saseLegasov, wangena esibhedlela Technology Cheege Technology Institute ebizwa nge-D. I. Mendeleev (manje pcu), kubuhlakani be-phtuChochemical, bathola ngempumelelo kulo ngonyaka we-1961. Ngasikhathi sinye, wasebenza eyunivesithi efanayo ngoNobhala Wekomidi leKomidi le-SBCMM, kulesi sikhundla wazibamba iqhaza ekubalweni kwabantu kwe-charter yenhlangano yamaKhomanisi, ebheka izinto zawo zomuntu ezingalungile. Umsebenzi onjalo wavuzwa futhi wabelwa iKomiti Yesahluko Sentsha. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, wahlela imikhosi yabantu abasha kanye nabafundi, bahlangabezana nokudluliswa kwamandla avela emazweni ahlukahlukene.
Isayensi
I-Legasov yafunda kahle kangangokuba ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokukhululwa eyunivesithi inqume ukungena esikoleni sokuphothula iziqu, ngoba lokhu wakhetha isikhungo amandla enuzi aqanjwe nge-I. V. Kurchatov. Lapho, umsebenzi wakhe washeshe wakhuphuka. Ekuqaleni, le nsizwa yasebenza njengomcwaningi junior, ngemuva kwesikhashana ithuthukiselwe kulo mdala, futhi ngokushesha waba yinhloko yelebhu. Ngo-31, uValery Aleksevich uba ngumuntu okhethwayo, ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5, uDkt Chemions Science. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinkinga zamagesi amahle zifundwe, kwathi ngemuva kweminye iminyaka emi-4 ethola imiklomelo yombuso ngokuthuthuka emkhakheni wokufunda kwamakhemikhali amakhemikhali.Enye indawo esosayensi icwaningile ngokujulile - amasistimu obuchwepheshe obunamandla. Emsebenzini, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Man United Design, ubuchwepheshe kanye nesayensi kanye nolunye ikhemikhali kudale uhlobo olusha lwamafutha, okwaba isinyathelo esibalulekile ekudalweni kwama-reactors zenuzi. Kudala ngaphambi kwengozi eChernobyl, usosayensi wayekhathazekile ngezinkinga zokuphepha embonini. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda komphakathi wesayensi kuhlangane futhi kwakhiwe yiwo umqondo we-zero nezengozi okwamukelekayo.
Ku-45, lemaces ekhethwe amalungu e-Academy of the USSR, eyayenza yaba yi-Soviet Academian encane kunazo zonke. Futhi ngaphambili, ukusebenza esikhungweni se-athomic energy okuqanjwe nge-I. V. KWARCHATOV, ubasekela ucwaningo, ngo-1984 wathola ukwanda ngaphambi kwedephi lokuqala lokuqala. Kusukela ngo-1983 kuya kwaze kwaphela kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku, usosayensi walibangisa uMnyango wezobuchwepheshe namakhemikhali e-Chemiochemistry e-Moscow State University.
Ingozi yeChernobyl
Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli 1986, izwe lafunda ngomcimbi omubi - ingozi eChernobyl Folle Plant. Abantu abacabangi ngokwesilinganiso sangempela salo mcimbi, yize iqiniso lokuthi uMnyango Wezamandla awutholile ukubethela ngezibonakaliso ezikhethekile ezibonisa ukuqhuma, umlilo, imisebe kanye nengozi yenuzi.
Ukuhlela ukuqedwa kwengozi, ikhomishini yadalwa ngokushesha ngaphansi kukaBoris Shcherbin, futhi i-legasov valery yaya lapho. Yize wayeyi-physist yenuzi, indoda ethile yahlanganyela ngenkuthalo ngezinkinga zokuphepha, ngakho-ke ingaba nosizo lwangempela. Mayelana neqiniso lokuthi kwenzeke inhlekelele yangempela, i-academitian yaqonda emnyango wengozi yengozi, ukubona isibhakabhaka esibomvu.
Ukwenza iziphetho zangempela ngesilinganiso sengozi, kwethulwa izitocenge ezinophephela emhlane, ezazisakazwa umphenduli oqhume. Ukusuka engcwakeni, kwacaca - kukhona usongo lokuqhuma kabusha. Akukaze kube okwesibili, i-Academinian kubasebenzi abasebenza ezihlotsheni zamasosha amakhemikhali baye ku-epicententer yezehlakalo - ukulinganisa ingozi yokuphuma kwe-neutron ukuphuma.
Ngokusobala, wabe esethola umthamo wokuqala wemisebe wama-X-ray ayi-100. Ngemuva kokuhlola i-reactiotor nokwazisa isimo, uValery ugcizelela ekuphumeni okuphelele kwe-pripyat, kuze kube yilapho izinsizakalo ezikhethekile zifike endaweni, zilinde iqembu elikhethekile eMoscow. Ngenkathi izakhamizi ziphuma edolobheni, i-legasov ihlele i-reactoror yaphosa ingxube ekhethekile ukucindezela ukuphuma kwemisebe.
Abaningi, kufaka phakathi nosopolitiki, babukela phansi umonakalo odalwe yizwe lengozi. NgoMeyi 5 wonjalo, usosayensi wakhuluma emhlanganweni wezepolitiki futhi wembula isithombe sangempela senhlekelele, futhi wabuye wabeka phambili iziphakamiso zokuqeda imiphumela emibi. Wayeqonda ukuthi kulimala kangakanani iminithi yonke iminithi yokuhlala ku-epicenter, kepha wachitha izinyanga ezi-4 kuChernobyl, wafihla ubufakazi be-dosimeter.
I-Academinian ayikwazanga ukukholelwa lapho kungekho khona ubuholi bezwe lokuphendula ngokushesha kokuhambisana nezidingo zokuphepha ezivela eziphuthumayo zamandla enuzi eziphuthumayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucatshangelwa kwabakhombisa kwi-Popburro kwabangela ukucasuka kuphela kukaMikhail Gorbachev. Naphezu kwalokhu, u-Leacalasov kwadingeka avele eNaya eVienna, yonke imicimbi yayisilindele ukuqaphela kwakhe, esaba izicelo zokujeziswa kwefu le-USSR ukuze ifu elinobuthi liqhubekela phambili eYurophu. Usosayensi amahora amahlanu asebenze nombiko futhi akazange ahambisane nemvelo eyiqiniso kanye nesilinganiso senhlekelele. Idumela lezwe lasindiswa, kepha ngoba ama-NPP asele aqala ukuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi amasha okuvikela. E-USA, uValeria wabona le ndoda yonyaka.
Ukusebenza kokunqoba kwe-Sucuz akuzange kuthande wonke umuntu, ngokuvuleleka kanye nokwethembeka kwamanye amazwe, ozakwabo abaningi bayeka ukusekela usosayensi, futhi abanye abamele amandla bamveze ubutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indoda ayizange ivume ukushicilela izindatshana ezicabanga ukuthi lonke iqiniso ngengozi.
Emibuthanweni yezesayensi, isinyathelo sakhe ekwakhiweni kwalesi sikhungo sezokuphepha kwenuklear sasingasekelwa. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokuhlangenwe nakho okujwayelekile kanye namanye ama-Press, lemulaces yayinokucindezelwa, ngokusho kwemibiko ethile, ngo-1987, wazama wazama ukuzibulala ngokuphuza inani elikhulu lamaphilisi okulala. Wabe esesindiswa, futhi le ndaba ayizange ishicilelwe obala.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Akunakukhululeka kangako ngempilo yomuntu siqu yososayensi waseSoviet. Umka-Margarita Mikhailovna unkosikazi kaMargarita uMarhailovna kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lomshado waxhasa lowo oshade naye emsebenzini. Ukubona umsebenzi wakhe waphakade nokwazi ukufega, ekhaya wamnika imfudumalo yabesifazane nothando, wanakekela umyeni wakhe kuze kube izinsuku zakamuva. Emshadweni ojabulisayo, izithandani zazalelwa izingane ezimbili - indodana nendodakazi.Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho indoda inyamalala esimisweni samandla enuzi, waqala ukulahlekelwa yimpilo ngokushesha, ngemuva kwemisebe yesonto lonke, i-academitianician ilahlekelwe izinwele eziningi, yabukeka kakhulu, yabukeka ikhathele kakhulu futhi ikhathazekile. Njengoba sesifunde ezihlotsheni ngempilo yabo, ngemuva kokubona amahora ambalwa nomkakhe nezingane (nendodakazi nomyeni wakhe, ngaleso sikhathi, basebenza nje enxusa laseSoviet futhi basanda kubuya basuka phesheya), babuyela ePripyat futhi.
Ngakho imihlangano yabo yadlula ezinyangeni ezi-4 ezizayo, kwabe sekuyiminyaka eyi-1.5, usosayensi wasebenza kanzima emibikweni nasekucwaningeni. Umlingani kuze kube yilapho okwedlule ehlala eduzane, ebona isimo esingokomoya nesikoomyeni wakhe, njengoba ayengasiza. Ukufa kwakhe kwaba usizi olukhulu kuMargarita Mikhailovna.
Ukushona
Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli 1988, izwe lafunda ngokufa kwamakhalensi ashubile. Inhlekelele yenzeka ngo-Eva wesikhumbuzo sesibili sengozi yeChernobyy. Ngosuku olwandulela lona, indoda ethile ibuya ekhaya ivela emsebenzini, oshade naye wabona ukuthi akazange aphendule kozakwethu, kodwa akazange anake lokhu. Ngaleso sikhathi, indodana nomndeni wayo yayihlala endlini nayo. Ngosuku olulandelayo, wonke umuntu waya emsebenzini, waqala wabuyela ekhefu lesidlo sasemini wathola uyise walengiswa. Ekuqaleni, 2 izinguqulo ezabekwa phambili - ukubulala nokuzibulala.
Ayikho inothi lokuzibulala elitholakele, kepha abaphenyi bathola amakhasethi akwa-5 audio ngamarekhodi ososayensi ngeziphetho zabo mayelana nengozi e-NPPS, engamenyezelwanga, kodwa abanye babo basulwa. Odokotela banqume ukuthi isiguli ngokomzimba nangokokuziphatha kwalethwa umuntu, ngakho-ke azange size nenye indlela yokuphuma esimweni sakhe. Ngokophenyo, imbangela esemthethweni yokufa ibizwa ngokuthi ukuzibulala.
U-Legasova wangcwatshwa eMoscow e-Novodevichy Cemetery. Esikhundleni sesithombe esijwayelekile, ithuna lakhe lihlotshiswe ngesithombe esibaziweyo kwelinye lamadolo sendoda lalihlasela.
Ukukhumbula
Emkhumbuleni ososayensi omkhulu, amafilimu afakwe futhi abhalwe izincwadi, ashicilela izindatshana emaphephandabeni.
Ngo-2017, i-athikili esosayensi ibizwa ngegama elithi "Ukubulawa Kwe-Academian, owenza owakhe uphenyo lwenhlekelele yeChernobyl, kwavela kwiwebhusayithi yeMoscow Komsomol Center. Kukhona i-biography, sebenza ezitshalweni zamandla nezindaba zabantu abaseduze ngokuthi babhekana kanjani nale nhlekelele ndawonye. Izincwadi eziningi nezinye zafika ngokuhlonipha lemace.
Ngokuhlonipha uValery Aleksevich, isikole saseMoscow No. 56 saqanjwa ngokuthi saqanjwa.
Ngo-2019, kwaziwa ukuthi i-American Channel HBO isusa uchungechunge oluthi "Chernobyl" mayelana nengozi eNPP ePripyat. Uma nje kuhlelwa iziqephu ezi-5, isenzo senzeka ngemuva kwenhlekelele, indima yangempela ye-valery leger, umlingisi uJared Harris wadlala indima enkulu.
Imiklomelo nezihloko
- I-Academinian ye-USSR Academy of Science
- Umklomelo we-Leninsky
- Umklomelo woMbuso we-USSR
- Ukuhleleka kwe-Okthoba Revolution
- Order of Labour Red Banner
- Isakhamuzi Esihlonishwayo Sesifunda saseTula
- Iqhawe laseRussia (linikezwe ngobuhlakani)