I-Graham Green - Photo, Biography, impilo yomuntu siqu, imbangela yokufa, izincwadi

I-Biograge

Umlobi waseBrithani ovelele uGraham Green weza ezincwadini ezinkulu kubuntatheli. Yingakho indlela ekhanyayo, enengqondo yobuciko. I-Green's Presose inamandla, nayo iyasebenza. Shono umbhali uthathwa njengezincwadi zezincwadi zesiNgisi kusukela abhala "amandla neNoveli yakhe yokuqala edumile" amandla ". Ukuqashelwa okungenamibandela kwemisebenzi yombhali, kanye nokuphakanyiswa kwezincwadi zakhe, kufaka phakathi u-Oscar ophakanyisiwe kanye nama-laureates, "njengomuntu wesithathu," umuntu "ophelile wezincwadi zakhe.

Ubuntwana nentsha

UHenry Graham Green wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 2, 1904 eBerkhamsteda, Hardfordshire County, United Kingdom. Ubaba uCharles Henry Green - Umqondisi wesikole esinelungelo. Umama kaMaryon Raymond - umfazi wasendlini, wakhulisa izingane eziyisithupha (luhlaza - wesine).

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Bobabili abazali bakwaGreen balwabanye abazala. Futhi uMarion wayebuye abe ngumzala omkhulu womlobi odumile uRobert Lewis Stevenson. Ngakho-ke, uhlobo lwezincwadi lwalusemfana egazini. Ngiseyingane, wafundwa ngemisebenzi ngumalume wakhe, kanye namanye amanoveli aqhakazile, kubandakanya nalabo ababhalwe nguHenry Haggard noJoseph Conrad.

Ubudlelwano nabazali eGraham babelukhuni, futhi, naphezu kobuningi babafowethu nodadewethu, akazange awushiye umuzwa wesizungu, wabhala kaningi kudayali mayelana "nomuzwa weqhwa enhliziyweni." Ubudlelwano bentsha abunawo ontanga: luhlaza wafunda esikoleni, okwakuholwa nguyise. Lesi kwakuyisizathu sokuhlukaniswa kwezinsizwa ezifunda nabo ofunda nabo, futhi, futhi, ngisho nalabo abaqala ukwenza izingane zesikole ngokuhleka usulu ngenxa yokuzilibazisa kwezinkondlo zakhe.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Konke lokhu kwanika uGraham, futhi wazama kaningi ukuzibulala. Umuzwa obuhlungu wangaphakathi ngokulangazelela impilo yakhe yonke uyolandelwa ngumlobi, futhi ezama ukuphunyula kuye, uzoqalwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokufika nezikhathi zokufika, okuzovumela ukuqongelela impahla egqamile ye-Literary ubuhlakani.

Ngo-1922, umfana kababa wangena eBailliol - iKolishi lase-Oxford University, lapho afunda khona nabamele izincwadi ezibonakalayo zeBrithani IVLIN IN no-Anthony Powell. Njengomfundi, wabamba iqhaza ekubhaleni ubuciko futhi uyashicilelwa. Ezincwadini ezi-Oxford, ukubuyekezwa kwakhe, izindatshana, izinkondlo kanye nezindaba ziyaphuma.

Ubuntatheli kanye nezincwadi

Ngo-1925, umlobi wesikhathi esizayo waqubulela ekolishi, kwathi ngo-1926 wathuthela eBettingham, wasebenza njengomhleli wosizo ephephandabeni iNatinggen Jernal. Ngalesi sikhathi, okuluhlaza kuphendukela kubuKatolika. Lo mbhali walo mthetho uchaza lokhu:"Bekumele ngithole nenkolo yenkolo ihlangana nezono zami."

Ngokushesha le nsizwa ishukumisela eLondon, ihlelwe nombhali wephephandaba lephephandaba iphephandaba lephepha, bese kuba ngumsizi womhleli. Kulesi sikhundla, kusebenza kuze kube ngu-1930, kuze kube sekupheleni kwaso ubuntatheli. Isizathu salokhu kwaba yimpumelelo yenoveli yokuqala "indoda ngaphakathi" (1929).

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Iqhawe lemisebenzi yombhali - uFrancis Andrews, owayemunyu osemncane olwa namademoni angaphakathi (inzondo ubaba, ukuzibulala ngokweqile). Baphoqa le nsizwa ukuba ilethe abangane, icindezele ukubulala othandekayo futhi ekugcineni isibulawa. U-Andrews, njengoba abagxeki bebhala, prototype yezinhlamvu eziningi zomlobi.

Ekuqaleni kwama-30s, umbhali unyathelisa inoveli enesikhashana "u-Istanbul Express", lapho kwaqala khona uchungechunge lwezincwadi zezincwadi, futhi jikelele ukujwayela kwakhe okusondelene nezwe le-cinema. Iminyaka eminingi (1932-1940), wasebenzisana nomagazini "oqondile" futhi wabhala izibuyekezo ezingaphezu kuka-500 zamafilimu. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwama-30s, umbhali uhamba kakhulu. Uvakashele eLiberia neMexico, okuvelayo kwawo okususwe ezincwadini "uhambo olungenamephu" (1936) kanye "nemigwaqo yokungemthetho" (1939).

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Futhi, ngenxa yokuhlala eMexico, inoveli yakhe entsha "Amandla Nenkazimulo" wazalwa. Umsebenzi wenzeka kuleli lizwe laseLatin America kuma-20s wekhulu lama-20. Umlingisi ophambili ungumpristi wamaKatolika, ngesikhathi sokushushiswa okunesihluku, eqhubeka nenkonzo enenkani yebandla, ukunqoba ukwesaba, isizungu, ukuphelelwa yithemba. Lo mkhiqizo wamukelwa njengabagxeki izincwadi zakudala zesiNgisi.

Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, eluhlaza okhonze ubuhlakani baseBrithani (abafowabo nodade baphinde baqashwa), bavakashela umsebenzi eNtshonalanga Afrika nasePortugal. Ngesikhathi seminyaka yempi (1942), ubhala incwadi ethi "IHhovisi Lokwesaba" - i-spyware, efakwe yonke imiphumela ekhethekile - amaketanga, ukudubula, njll. Ngo-1944, wavikelwa "njengenkonzo yokwesaba".

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, uGraham Green wabuyela emsebenzini wentatheli - wasebenza njengombhali kamagazini omusha we-RipAblik e-Indochita. Futhi futhi okuhlangenwe nakho ngesikhathi semishini yemicimbi yaba izingqikithi zemibhalo yayo. Ngakho-ke, ngesisekelo semicimbi eSouth Vietnam, 1955-1956, kwadalwa "inoveli yaseMelika", lapho umbhali egxeka khona inqubomgomo ye-United States, eqhutshwa eVietnam. Maphakathi nesakhiwo - isiphetho samaqhawe amathathu: intsha yaseMelika, intatheli yaseBrithani nentombi yayo yeVietnam.

Kuze kube sekupheleni kwama-50s, umbhali ubhala omunye 2 amaRoma - "Win" kanye "nendoda yethu eHavana". Lesi sakamuva siyaqhubeka nomugqa wezifundo zezinhloli, kepha uthola ukuqondiswa kohlobo olusha - inoveli-parody.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Kuma-60-70s, aluhlaza ahamba amazwe amaningi njengombhalo, ngaphezulu kwalapho abe sezindaweni ezishisayo. I-biography yombango we-Novely igcwele imihlangano kanye nokujwayelana nabantu abavelele besikhathi - osopolitiki, ama-diplomats, ababhali, abaculi. Kule minyaka, amanoveli akhe "ahamba no-anti", "amahlaya", "Honory Consul" kanye "Nenzuzo Yabantu" ayazalwa.

I-bibliography yombhali igcwaliswa kuze kube sekupheleni kwama-80s. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yalesi sikhathi, "i-monsenser kiheot" (1982) kanye "nokaputeni kanye nesitha" (1988) ayabiwa. Ukuqashelwa okuphezulu kobuqambi beGreen ngesikhathi sokuphila kuqinisekiswa yiDolondo British Awards: I-Order of The Kavalera yeNkazimulo (1966), "for Merit" (1986). Kepha umklomelo kaNobel akazange athole umlobi, okubandakanya nalabo ababa yinto yokuziphatha komlobi nezinye izici zempilo yakhe.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

Ngo-1927, uGraham Green washada noVivien Daible Browning - Umshicileli wabasebenzi. Ukujwayelana kwalo mbhangqwana kwenzeka okungajwayelekile kakhulu: Intombazane yabhala eluhlaza, ikhomba iphutha lakhe langempela kwelinye lama-athikili. Kwaqala ukubizwa, lapho intatheli yayinentshisekelo kakhulu eVivieen, eyayisongela ngisho nokuzibulala uma kwenzeka ukwenqatshwa.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Kodwa-ke, ukushada amaphupho akhe kowesifazane, umlobi akazange abe yindoda yomndeni eyisibonelo, futhi wayengubaba onobuhlakani. Emshadweni eVivien, kwazalwa izingane ezimbili eziluhlaza - Indodakazi uLucy Caroline (1933) kanye noNdodana uFrancis (1936).

Umlobi ushintshe umkakhe impilo yakhe yonke, amanoveli akhe akhiwa ikakhulukazi nabafokazi abashadile. Ngo-1938, kwavela i-aduilter kubathengi bezemidlalo uDorothy Glover. Ngo-1946, umbhali wayengeyena ihlaya likaCatherine Walston - unkosikazi womunye wabacebile kakhulu eNgilandi uHenry Walston nonina wezingane ezinhlanu.

Le noveli yabangela ukuhlukana kwangempela ngeVivienne (ayisahlukanisanga ngokwehlukanisa). Ubudlelwano obuvela kuCatherine buhlala iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-10, futhi ngokwengxenye nabo yabhalwa ngolayini wothando lwezincwadi "eminyakeni emibili kamuva" futhi "ukuphela kwenoveli" (ngo-1999 kwaxoxwa ngokuthi "ukuphela kwenoveli") .

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Kusukela ngo-1955, inkosikazi eluhlaza yayingumlingisi waseSweden Bjork, umyeni wakhe, umlobi uStig Dhechemen, wazibulala. Leli qiniso liyaphawulwa yimithombo, selibe ngesinye sezizathu zokuthi luhlaza luhamba lapho luthola umklomelo kaNobel.

Ekupheleni kokuphila, eduze kombhali kwakukhona uhlobo lukaCourett, ubudlelwano babo buthuthukiswe kusukela ngo-1966.

Ukushona

Ngo-1990, i-classic yathuthela eSwitzerland. Ngo-March 1991, kwangeniswa owesilisa ngoVevey ngenxa yenhlala-ke ewohloka kahle. Ngo-Ephreli 3, umfazi wafa. Imbangela yokufa yayihlobo lwe-leukemia. Ithuna lomlobi waseBrithani litholakala eVeve emathuneni endawo.

I-Bibliography

• 1929 - "Umuntu ngaphakathi"
• Ngo-1932 - "Istanbul Express"
• Ngo-1935 - "I-England yanda kimi"
• 1938 - "I-Brighton Lollipops"
• Ngo-1939 - "I-Trustee"
• 1940 - "Amandla Nodumo"
• 1943 - "Ukwesaba IHhovisi"
• 1948 - "Umnyombo Wecala"
• 1951 - "Ukuphela kwenoveli eyodwa"
• 1955 - "Alengile Amile American"
• 1955 - "Win"
• 1958 - "Umuntu wethu eHavana"
• Ngo-1966 - "Amahlaya"
• Ngo-1969 - "Hambani nomama"
• 1973 - "Ukuhlonipha '
• 1978 - "Isici Somuntu"
• 1980 - "UDkt Fisher kusuka eGeneva, noma isidlo sakusihlwa"
• 1982 - UMonsignor Kiheot
• 1988 - "UCaptain kanye nesitha"