I-Biograge
U-Anton Rubinstein ungumshayeli wepiyano odumile, umqhubi wesifundo, waduma ngesiko laseRussia njengomsunguli weSt. Petersburg Conservatory kanye nothisha kaPeter Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Ukubulawa kwe-Virtuoso yochungechunge lwamakhonsathi ayi-7 epiyano ekugcineni kwekhulu le-XIX kutholwe ukuqashelwa komhlaba wonke futhi kwaletha izilaleli zomculo wekhulu eminyaka ubudala. Ithalente lomlobi lazibonakalisa ngamakhulu emisebenzi, phakathi kwalo "Demoni" lalithandwa kakhulu, i-ballet "umvini" kanye "noSullaif."Ubuntwana nentsha
I-biography ka-Anton Grigorievich Rubinstein yaqala ngoNovemba 28, 1829 edolobhaneni laseTransnistrian, umtapo wezincwadi weBaltsky County yesiFundazwe sasePodolsk. Bazali, amaJuda ngobuzwe, beqhamuka ebhange elifanele lase-Ukraine nasePrussian Silesia. Ngo-1833, wonke amalungu egama uRubinstein ahoxiswa nguYise uSulunovich noMama Kawery Christophorec bamukela i-Orthodoxy futhi bathola ilungelo lokuthuthela eMoscow futhi bavule ibhizinisi labo.
Ngaphezu kuka-Anton, lo mndeni wake waba nezinye izingane ezaziwa ngemikhakha ehlukene yesayensi namasiko. Umfowabo osekhulile wepiyano wesikhathi esizayo uYakov waba udokotela, futhi odade bayathanda futhi uSofia bathola udumo lothisha womculo nomculi weChamber. Ingane encane kaNikolai Rubinstein enikele impilo yobuciko nangemva kokuba umfowabo ngo-1866 wasungula isilondolozi sesibili saseRussia eMoscow futhi wasebenza lapho kuze kube sekufeni.
Njengoba sebehlelele impilo endlini ebanzi e-Oryanka, ubaba wakhe wathatha izindaba ngefektri yepensela-pin, futhi emahlombe kamama kwakukhona ukunakekela ukukhuliswa kanye nemfundo yenzalo kanye nemfundo yenzalo. Ukuba ngumdlali wepiyano omuhle, wafundisa u-Anton ukuthi adlale insimbi futhi elungele ukwamukelwa ekilasini lothisha odumile u-Alexander Ivanovich Villawan.
URubinstein oneminyaka engu-7 ubudala wakhombisa amakhono avelele, futhi kusukela ngo-1839 uthisha umye wamvumela ukuba akhulume esidlangalaleni. Ngemuva konyaka, umake amakhonsathi waya eYurophu wavakashela iNdlovukazi yesiNgisi yeVictoria nabakwaFrederic Chodin neFrederic.
Ngo-1844, u-Anton wabuyela eRussia isikhashana, futhi, wahamba naye ngomama noMfoweth 'uNikolai, waya eBerlin othisha bezizwe abadumile beTheodore Kullaka naseSiegfried Dena futhi baphakamisa ukuqomisana endaweni yamasiko aseYurophu.
Ngonyaka wesibili wokuhlala eJalimane, umndeni wathola izindaba ngokufa kukaGregory Rubinstein. UKalery Christoforovna noNikolai washiya eMoscow ukuhlela umngcwabo, futhi u-Anton waya enhlokodolobha yase-Austrian ukuthuthukisa amakhono okwenziwa ngupiyano.
Kodwa-ke, impilo ezimele ayizange iwele ukunambitha insizwa, futhi izifundo ezizimele azilethanga inzuzo. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu ngo-1849, umculi wabuyela ezweni lakubo futhi ngenxa yokwakheka kukankosikazi kaGrand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich Donkey eSt. Petersburg eSt. Petersburg futhi wathatha umsebenzi wokufundisa.
Umculo
Emphakathini wamasiko waseRussia Rubinstein wabona ngokushesha. Ithalente lomdlali wepiyano lalinganiselwa phakathi nezinkulumo ezijwayelekile emndenini wamakhosi nabamele amagama amahle. Ukuphumelela okunjalo kwavumela umculi ovuthiwe ukuba ajwayelane nozakwabo baseRussia abadumile, phakathi kwabo kwakungamalungu e-mug "anamandla 'amalungu uMikhail u-Ivanovich Gilyvevich GilyveGerky naseKarl Bagdanovich Schubert.
Ngaphansi kwethonya labo, uRubinsten wenza ukuba kubika kwakhe endimeni yomqhubi kwathi ngo-1852 wethula umphakathi "Donsry Donsskoy", owaba umsebenzi wokuqala wendatshana wakhe. I-Opera emfushane "yabazingeli baseSiberia", "ukuziphindisela" kanye ne- "Fomka-Fool", lapho umqambi we-novice wasebenzisa khona izihloko nemiculo yabantu baseRussia, enikela ngemfashini yomculo wesikhathi sesikhathi.
Maphakathi nawo-1850s, u-Anton Grigorieving wazama isisekelo enhloko-dolobha yesikole esikhethekile, kodwa, engasekeli, anikele futhi ashiye lo mbono ezikhathini ezingcono.
Imisebenzi yomqambi yaphenduka ingafunwanga, futhi ayikho inkundla yemidlalo yaseRussia yathathwa ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, uRubinstein waya phesheya kanye nosizo lweqabunga elidala le-fens elijwayelekile lethule i-Opera Act Onera "abazingeli baseSiberia" nomphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umculi wanikeza ikhonsathi ye-solo piano edolobheni laseJalimane laseLeipzig, ngemuva kwalokho aphumelela kuhambo olude lweYurophu.
Uhambo, lusebenze iminyaka emi-4, lwabenza u-Anton Grigorievivich ngusaziwayo womhlaba futhi bavuselelwa ukoma ukuthola eminye imisebenzi. Ukukhuphuka, uPianist wancenga i-Great Princess Elena Pavlovna ukwaba imali yokwakhiwa komculo waseRussia waseRussia, owaqala izinkulumo ezivamile zeSymphony Orchestra ngaphansi kokulawulwa kukaRubinsten.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo somculi kanye nomqhubi wesifundo kwakuyinhlangano yamakilasi okuqeqeshwa komculo, lapho abasha abanesiphiwo bethola khona amakhono obuciko benza ubuciko. Lapho inani labafundi likhuphuka ngekwindla ka-1861, kwavulwa okokuqala iRussian Consersburg, futhi u-Anton Grigorievingch waqala ukufeza imisebenzi yomqondisi, umqhubi kanye namathuluzi ofundisayo nopiyano nopiyano.
I-ELTE E-Creative eholwa ngabamele "inqwaba enamandla" ayizange imukele ngokushesha umbono wokudala isikhungo somculo wezemfundo. Ngo-1871 kuphela, ngemuva kokuba omunye wabafundi bokuqala uRubinstein aba yiTchaikovsky, umqambi uNikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov wavuma ukujoyina ubuprofesship.
Egcekeni, i-Conservatory yabangela nemibono engemihle, nangemva kokungqubuzana nesibongo esibusayo, umqondisi waphoqeleka ukuthi ashiye phansi izintambo. Kuliqiniso, ngo-1887, u-Anton Grigorievivich wabuya wahola iminyaka embalwa elandelayo kwisikhungo semfundo. Kulesi sikhathi sokuthi umdwebi weRussia odumile u-Ilya Repin wapenda isithombe esibonisa umqhubi obonisa umsebenzi wakhe amthandayo.
Ngesikhathi sokufundisa uRubinstein wayefuna ukufundisa abafundi ukuba babe ngabaculi beqiniso abafuna ukunxusa kahle. Ukuze athuthukise amakhono abo, upiyano waqhubeka ekhonsathi futhi wahlanganisa izingoma, ezothando, izingoma neminye imisebenzi. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1970, umqambi ohlanganiswe nge-Opera "Demon", esekelwe emsebenzini kaMikhail Yurevich Lermontov, bese kuthi iminyaka emithathu ilindele isinqumo sezinkundla zemidlalo yaseMariinsky mayelana nokwakhiwa.
Ngokushesha nje emva kwe-premiere, idrama ekhanyisayo enezingoma ezisuka enhliziyweni ishiya umphakathi nabagxeki, kepha ngemuva kokushona kombhali, lapho i-Foodor Chaliapin icula umdlalo oyinhloko, i-Opera yaduma futhi ngezinkathi eziningana zaqoqa ama-alloclands emazweni ahlukene.
Enye indalo ephumelele yomqambi yaba i-Symphony "Ocean", i-Oratoria "Kristu" kanye ne- "Sullamife" kanye nomlando "Nero" kanye "nama-Framors". Yonke eminye imisebenzi ayikwazanga ukwedlula inkazimulo yoMdali, engayeki ukujabulisa umphakathi ngomdlalo wepiyano umzuzu.
Ngo-1872-1873, umculi enkampanini yeSkripacha Gerhritis Verhritis Verhsky wanikeza amakhonsathi angama-215 eNyakatho Melika izinyanga eziyi-8, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10, wayesenqoba ngazo zonke izihloko zaseYurophu. Umjikelezo ohlanganisa ukusebenza okungu-8 edolobheni ngalinye wangena emlandweni womculo futhi usabhekwa njengerekhodi elingenakuqhathaniswa ngaleso sikhathi.
Okokugcina umphakathi ubone umdlali wepiyano emcimbini wokupha eSt. Petersburg kungekudala wafe ngaphambi kokufa, ngo-1893.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Mayelana nempilo yomuntu siqu ka-Anton Rubinstein yaziwa kancane. Amaqiniso aphambili axhumene nePeterhof, lapho umdlali wepiyano ononkosikazi wokholo u-Alexandrovna Chikuanova avele okokuqala ngo-1866.Esikhathini esizayo, umndeni lapho kwavela khona izingane ezintathu, wathola indlu kuleli dolobha elihle eduze kwaseSt. Petersburg futhi wawusesakhiweni sokhuni esinombhoshongo, iTerrace kanye nengadi yezithelo.
Ihhovisi likaRubinstein lalisesitezi sesibili futhi lalihlome ngokunambitheka kwalo okunesizotha. Kwakukhona upiyano omnyama, uSofa noshalofu namanothi, futhi ezindongeni kufakwe izithombe zomkakhe nezingane: UJacob, u-Anna no-Alexander. Kwakulapho lapho umqambi aqamba khona i-Melody "ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Cycal" neminye imisebenzi egcwele imisindo yemvelo.
Umumo onomoya wokungenisa izihambi u-Aleksandrovna wazungeza umyeni wakhe uyaduduza futhi akazange angivumele ngibe nesithukuthezi, ngimeme amalungu omphakathi wamasiko eRussia. Ezweni laseRubinstein, inhloko yeMoscow of S. M. M. M. Treyalov, umculi u-E. K. Lipgart, uMculi K. Yu. I-Davydov nembongi ya polynsonsky.
Ukushona
Ngo-1893, uRubinsten walahlekelwa yindodana encane kaYakov Antonovich, eyashona eneminyaka engama-20. Ukulahleka, okwakha amakhaza amakhulu, kwathathwa ukuvakasha eDresden, kumuntu impilo yepiyano.
Ukubuyela ezweni ngoMeyi 1894, u-Anton Grigorievivich wangena emsebenzini futhi ekugcineni "uqeda" umzimba okhathele. Odokotela nezihlobo bamcela ukuba ashintshe indlela yokuphila futhi akhokhe isikhathi sokuphumula, kepha umculi akazange alalele noma ngubani.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ngasekupheleni kwekwindla, uRubertein wayehlala esesimweni esibanzi futhi eqala ukuhlushwa ukuqwasha nobuhlungu esandleni sakhe sobunxele. Ngobusuku bukaNovemba 19, umdlali wepiyano uchithe amakhadi enkampanini yabangane nabathandekayo, futhi ebusuku waba nobunzima bokuphefumula, uvunyelwe ukuthi aphile ngaphambi kokufika kodokotela.
Ukuhlikihla nokuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo akuzange kusindise uMculi Omkhulu, nembangela yokufa kwakhe ngoNovemba 20, 1894 kwakuyisihlaselwa yinhliziyo enkulu.
Evikini, ibhokisi lomzimba kaRubinstein lalimi eHholo lePetershohovaya Dacha, kwathi selihanjiswa esontweni likaZiqu-kuTrify enhloko-dolobha nangemva kokuba umngcwabo angcwaba amathuna ka-Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Ukusebenza
- Ngo-1849-1850 - Dmitry DonSkoy
- I-1850 - IConcerto yepiyano nge-Orchestra No. 1 Encane
- 1851 - Symphony No. 2 kuya "Ocean" omkhulu
- Ngo-1852 - "Abazingeli baseSiberia"
- Ngo-1857 - Sonata for Cello noPiano No. 2 Usawoti omkhulu
- Ngo-1861 - "Mermaid" (Cantata for Solo, Owesifazane Choir ne-Orchestra)
- Ngo-1862 - "Fera Master"
- 1869 - Inkondlo yeSymmonic "Ivan Grozny"
- 1871 - "DEMON"
- 1875-1876 - "Nero"
- I-1880 - "I-Kalashnikov Merchant"
- Ngo-1884 - "Parrot"
- Ngo-1888 - "Girusha"