I-Biograge
Ku-PleIAD yabaqambi abakhulu baseRussia bekhulu le-XIX leminyaka le-XIX, kanye neMikhail Glinka namalungu, i-Mug "Isandla esinamandla" ngokufanele kungoMlobi we "Stone Guest" u-Alexander Sergeevich Dargomyzhskyk. Ukuba ngumsunguli weqiniso lomculo, uMdali washiya imisebenzi eminingi, engalinganiswa ngesikhathi sokuphila. Ifa lakhe lifaka upiyano, ama-orchestral kanye namazwi, edume kakhulu yizo ezothando zamavesi A. S. Pushkin "futhi iculo umjikelezo" kanye nePetersburg Serenads ".Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Alexander Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky uvele kwenye yezindawo zokuhlala esifundeni saseTula ngoFebhuwari 14, 1813. Abaphenyi be-Composer Biography abakengeni kumbono owodwa ngendawo ngqo yokuzalwa kwakhe. Okungenzeka kakhulu kwakungu-hypothesis izimpande zika-Alexander ayelele edolobhaneni laseVoskressensky, ezazisesifundeni esiseCentral of the Russiansian umbuso, eduze kwedolobha lanamuhla leselula.
Ubaba ka-Alexandra, uSergey Nikolaevich, wayengumuntu ongemthetho womnini wasemhlabeni ocebile a. P. Ladyzhensky. Ngenxa kaColonel N. I. Bogucarov, wathola imfundo enhle futhi wasebenza ebhange lezentengiselwano ngaphansi koMnyango Wezezimali.
Umama uMaria Borilovna Kozlovskaya waqhamuka ecebeni elicebile ngomusa, owayenezifunda ezifundazweni kanye nezifundazwe ezi-tula. Ngokuphikisana nentando yabazali, waba ngumkakhe wesisebenzi esilula futhi ngemuva kwalokho wenziwa ekukhanyeni kwezingane eziyisithupha.
Ubuntwana bomqambi wesikhathi esizayo badlula efeniso le-solunovo, ngokomlando womndeni wakwaKozlovsky, bese kuba ubaba ethola isikhundla ehhovisi ledolobha, futhi umndeni wathuthela eSt. Petersburg. Lapho, uSasha oneminyaka engu-7 ubudala waqala ukufunda ukudlala upiyano futhi waba nesifiso sokubhala. Uthisha wokuqala kaLouise Valleorborm ugqugquzele izivivinyo zomfana, ngeminyaka eyi-10 ubudala kunoMlobi wepiyano othize kanye nezothando.
Kodwa-ke, abazali kanye nothisha abalandelayo abangabakholeki bangezidalwa zomculi we-novice kanye namathuluzi athandwayo wezinsimbi, qaphela ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala kanye nezwi. Ukubambisana nothisha ngu-Adrian Danilevsky, uFranz Scheberlechner noBenedict Troibig, kwaholela kumakhonsathi apha, lapho u-Alexander enza njengo-pianist kanye ne-violinist.
Ngo-1827, uDargomyzhsky osemusha wangena ehhovisi lenkantolo futhi wenza izinyathelo zokuqala empilweni ezimele zabantu abadala.
Umculo
Indlela yokudala ka-Alexander Sergeevich yaqala ngokuthandana nomqambi waseRussia uMikhail Ivanovich Glinka. Umbhali we-Opera odumile obizwa ngokuthi "Ukuphila Kwama-Tsar" kwabikwa nolwazi lwemibono olutholakala eJalimane, futhi kwasiza ekuqondeni okucashile kokubhala ozakwabo.Liphefumulelwe yilokhu kwezokuxhumana, uDargomyzhsky waqala ukuvakashela i-Metropolitan Opera, lapho umculo owabhalwa khona ngamaNtaliyane azwakala khona lapho kuhlalwa kahle. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1830s, wakhulelwa ukudala owakhe i-Opera esekelwe eDrama Viktor Hugo "uLucretia Borgia", kepha ngemuva kwemidwebo yokuqala, ngabona ukuthi lokho okuqukethwe bekukubi nge-Embodiments Engajwayelekile Nezezincwadi.
Kwathi ngokweseluleko sembongi, uVasily Zhukovsky, u-Alexander, wabhekana nolunye umkhiqizo weFrance, esebenzisa i-Libretto yasekuqaleni eya ku- "Cathedral of the Parisian Unina KaNkulunkulu KaNkulunkulu", waqala ukuqamba i-Opera "Esmeralda". Ngo-1841, amaqembu ama-Orchestral ayemi ngomumo, futhi uDargomyzhsky wanikela ngomsebenzi wobuholi bezinkundla zemidlalo yombusi.
Iminyaka eminingana, amavilo anamavila ngaphandle kwecala, kodwa ngo-1847 kwenzeka i-premientier ngokukhiqizwa eMoscow. Ngeshwa, isinqumo somlobi weDargomyzshsky akazange athole izibuyekezo ezinhle, ne- "Esmeralda" yakhe ngokushesha wanyamalala kulolu hlelo futhi kamuva akazange avele.
Ukudumazeka komqambi kukhulisa ukuthandwa kwemisebenzi yeMentor Glinka. Futhi ngokusuka okwesikhashana ukubhala, u-Alexander Sergeevich waqala ukuqeqesha abesifazane abahle banamazwi futhi bahlanganyela ekwakheni uthando nezingoma. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho umsebenzi kaDargomyzshsky, odumile "odabukisayo", "ebusuku marshmallow, ama-romet ether", "ubusha kanye ne-virgo" kanye "neminyaka eyishumi nesithupha" kwavela.
Enye indlela ethembekile yokusinda ekuhlulekeni kokuqala kwakuwuhambo lwaphesheya, lapho umlobi we-Esmeralda ahlangana khona nabadali baseYurophu kanye nabaculi nguCharlel Berio, uHenri Vietan, uGaetano Dyzetti nabanye.
Lapho ebuyela eRussia ngo-1848, umqambi wanquma ukuqhubeka nokuhlola ngezindlela ezinkulu futhi waqala ukudala i-Opera Opera "Mermaid", ngokususelwa engcupheni yenkondlo ye-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Imiculo yabantu yayihlatshwa umxhwele kaDargomyzhsky, kanye nomsebenzi oyinhloko, wabhala uhlobo lwezothando, "uMelnik", "Crazy, ngaphandle kwenjabulo" kanye "noBerebel-Maiden", owayethatha indawo ekhethekile eRussia Musical kanye nezengqondo.
Ngo-1855, "uMermaid" waqedwa futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana ethunyelwe emphakathini. Okwamanje i-mastery of the Lomposer yalinganiswa: U-Opera wahlala ephindaphini izinkathi eziningana futhi waba isihloko sendatshana enamakhasi amaningi kwi-The Journal "Theatre Music Bulletin". Kuyathakazelisa iqiniso lokuthi uDargomyzhsky waqamba ngokuzimela i-Librotto ngomsebenzi futhi, kulandela umugqa we-pushkin, wasungula isiphetho senhlekelele engapheli emavesini.
Imisebenzi elandelayo ka-Alexander Sergeyevich yaba yi-SymnyPhonic Odds "Cossack Cossack", "Baba Yaga" kanye ne- "Chukhon Fantasy". Bathinte ithonya likaMia weBalakirev noVladimir Stasov, ngemuva kwalokho amalungu e-mug "anamandla 'aba ngamalungu.
Ngawo-1860s, ngenxa yabantu obajwayele, umqambi waqala ukuthuthukisa uhlobo lwezothando lwendlu, okwakuyizibonelo ezicacile zazo ezaziyimisebenzi ye- "Ingoma Emdala" kanye "noMeluleki Wesihloko". Ngasikhathi sinye, kwathathwa khona olunye uhambo oluya eYurophu lwaluthathwe khona, lapho abaculi bezizwe baqale khona imibhalo eminingana ye-Dargomyzhsky.
Ngesikhathi sohambo, u-Alexander Sergeevich akazange ayeke ukucabanga ngomsebenzi wakhe owengeziwe futhi wenza ukuba afune isakhiwo se-opera entsha. Imibono yokuqala kwakungamalungiselelo omculo we-pushkin lenkondlo "Poltava" nezokuzijabulisa esiteji senganekwane yaseRussia endala. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlelo zazingamiselwe ukuboshwa, futhi iqoqo kuphela lemidwebo elibizwa nge- "Mazepa" kanye namaNombolo ambalwa weSolo kanye namaChalo.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhethwa komqambi kwawela emsebenzini we-pushkin "Stone Guest", okwakufakwa kwizinkondlo ezidumile ezibizwa ngokuthi "izinhlekelele ezincane", kepha umsebenzi awuzange uhambe ngenxa yenhlupheko yokudala elandelayo ehambisana nalokhu weposter yezemidlalo ye-opera "mermaid". Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi obhalwe phambilini owayebhalwe phambilini "wawungaphinde waphumelela.
Ngenxa yokubonga kuphela ekuphileni komculo womculo waseRussia nokuvuma ukubhekwa kozakwabo bakwamanye amazwe, iDargomyzhsky isathathe "itshe" elibhaliwe futhi likwazile ukubhala iningi lemibhalo yomculo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Izinkinga zokudala, isikhathi eside zilandelwa umqambi, zivezwa empilweni yakhe. Ukunganawo umfazi, noma izingane, u-Alexander Sergeevich wachitha isikhathi sakhe samahhala emndenini we-Tverunovo eduzane naseSvelensk futhi kukhona ugqozi lwezothando, amaSymphonic asebenza nama-opera.
Ngemuva kokushona kukamama ngo-1852, uDargomyzshsky wakhulula abalimi emthwalweni owenqabayo, enikeza izwe ebunini bokuba baphila nabo. Ukuziphatha okunjalo kwakuhlukile eRussia yekhulu le-XIX, futhi abantu bephila baqala ukubiza umqambi omkhulu womhlaba wonke wesimanje.
Kodwa-ke, i-marion yaseKozlovsky yahlala ine-Alexander Sergeevich, kwathi ngo-1864, isizungu somlobi "uMermaid" sabuza ubaba osekhulile. Ukuphela kokugcina kwaba ukushelela okusindayo kumculi futhi ekugcineni kwanciphisa umsebenzi wakhe wokudala.
Ukushona
Ngesikhathi sohambo lwangaphandle, ngo-1864-1865 Dargomyzhsky wagula nge-rheumatism. Ngaphandle kokukhaphela amanani oMbuso wakhe, waqhubeka ehlanganyela emisebenzini yomculo neyenhlalo. Ekuqaleni kuka-1868, isimo sika-Alexander Sergeyevich saba saba sibi, futhi waqala ukukhononda ngokungaphatheki kahle emkhakheni wenhliziyo kanye nokujikeleza kwegazi okungalungile, okwaba izimbangela zokufa kwakhe okuzinzile.Kuqubuka ekufeni, umqambi wenza intando, ngokusho ukuthi uKhesari Antonovich Kyui noNikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov bekufanele baqede i-Opera etholakele "Stone Guest" futhi balungiselele amaqembu ekusebenzeni okwengeziwe.
Ozakwethu abavumile ukufeza intando yokugcina yeDargomyzhsky, ekujuleni komphefumlo, banethemba lokuthi akunakwenzeka ngeke kwenzeke kungekudala, kodwa ngoJanuwari 5, 1969, u-Alexander Sergeevid washona ngokungazelelwe i-aneurysm ngokungazelelwe washona ngenxa ye-aneurysm ngokungazelelwe washona ngenxa ye-aneurysm ngokungazelelwe wabulawa ngokungazelelwe i-aneurysm. Amaphephandaba atshele iNhlangano mayelana nokulahlekelwa okungafanele, nasengcwabeni egcinwe ngoJanuwari 9, bonke abamele ama-Elten Petersburg aqoqiwe. Futhi ibhokisi lomzimba womzimba oshonile emcabangweni kaTikhvinsky, u-Alexander Nevsky Lavra, izihlobo nezihlobo ezenziwa ngezingalo zazo.
Kungekudala ngemuva kokungcwatshwa komngcwabo uPavel Mikhailovich Tretakov wayala umculi uKonstantin Makovsky Portrait weDargomyzhsky Portrait we-Dargomyzhsky Portrait of Dargomyzhsky Photosy of Dargomyzshky ngezithombe zokuqala zamasiko aseRussia kugalari yomqoqi odumile kanye ne-patron.
Ukusebenza
- I-1830 - "I-Bolero"
- I-1830 - "Ukuhluka kwesihloko saseRussia"
- I-1830 - "I-WRILLLY WALTZ"
- 1838-1841 - Esmeralda
- 1843-1848 - "IVakha Celebration"
- Ngo-1845 - "Tabakerkaya Waltz"
- Ngo-1848-1855 - "Mermaid"
- 1850s - "Okumangazayo ngezihloko kusuka ku-Opera Glinka" Impilo Yenkosi "
- I-1860 - "Mazepa" Sketches
- I-1860-1867 - "Rogdan" izingcezwana
- Ngo-1865 - "I-Slavic Tarantella"
- Ngo-1866-1869 - "I-Stone Guest"