I-Biograge
Umlobi waseJapan uKobo Abe wadume ngamanoveli we-metaphorical "Owesifazane esihlabathini", "IBox Man" kanye "nobuso bokufika". Imisebenzi yombhali owayesebenza engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lamashumi amabili, wathola umfundi waseNtshonalanga umhlaba othize wezincwadi zokuphuma kwelanga. Imibhalo yaseJapan ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi iyakwazi ukujabulisa: Kubhekiswa ekuxhumaneni kwephrososa yengqondo futhi kuphakamise imibuzo yefilosofi yobuntu obukhona emhlabeni, ukuthola okushiwo ukuba khona nokuqonda kwabo.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-classic yezincwadi zaseJapan yazalwa ngo-1924 enyakatho yeTokyo, esifundeni saseChina. Ngolimi lwayo lwendabuko, igama lomlobi lizwakala njengeKimifus, futhi iKobo lingukuphikiswa yindlela yesiShayina. UBundliod Aye wedlula eMiddle Maild Emnyakeni: EMUKDENE, isifundazwe saseManchuria, umfana ufunde esikoleni kuze kube ngu-1940. Uyise wengane wahlanganyela emithini eYunivesithi yalo muzi. Isiko laseJapan le nsizwa laqala ukujoyina ngempela lapho ebuyela eTokyo wayophothula esikoleni se-sage. Lapho-ke iziqu zinquma ukuya ezinyathelweni zikaYise futhi zithole udokotela eyunivesithi.
Kungashiwo ukuthi lo mfo wakhula esikhaleni esinamasiko ehlukene: Ithonya eliqondile laseChina, lapho ahlala khona, wahambisana nomthelela wezincwadi zezwe, isifiso sokuthi i-Kobo igcinwe ngokuphila. Umqondo omkhulu kunabo bonke wenziwa yi-Russian classic nayo "imibuzo elahlekile" yokuba nokucinga kwenjongo yempilo. Abagxeki baphawula kaninginingi ithonya elenziwa nguFoodor Dostoevsky noNikolai Gogol ababenabo emsebenzini womlobi waseJapan.
Njengoba sesifunde e-University iminyaka emithathu, le nsizwa ibuyela eManchuria futhi lapha ngo-1946 kukhathalela uBaba. Kunesikhathi esinzima lapho umndeni uhlala ngaphandle komondlewa, kepha umbhali wesikhathi esizayo ebuyiselwa eyunivesithi futhi uthola idiploma kadokotela ngo-1948. Kodwa-ke, i-Specialty KOBO ABE ayisebenzi nganoma yiluphi usuku. Ngenkathi esengumfundi, le nsizwa iqala i-biography yokudala, ukulungisa amaqoqo "izinkondlo ezingaziwa."
Izincwadi
Ubhale izinkomo zefilosofi zefilosofi zisebusheni, umbhali ngemuva kwesikhashana uphendukela. Futhi ayithathwa ngezindaba ezinjengababhali abaningi be-novice, kodwa ngokushesha kwenoveli. Ngo-1947, uKobo uqeda incwadi ethi "Izindonga zobumba" - umlando weqhawe, okunqunywa ukuphula konke ukuxhumana nomphakathi, kepha kwinqubo yeWander Kuthunjwa. Sekuvele lapha, umlobi we-novice uphakamisa imibuzo enzima yokuthi kunenkululeko yangempela nokuthi kungenzeka yini nhlobo.
Umbhalo wesandla ka-Abe udlulisele kuthisha kusuka ku-sages kanye nesikole, futhi yena, wahlaba umxhwele kakhulu, waba nomthelela ekushicilelweni kombhalo omagazini ababhala. Kamuva, lo msebenzi uzoshicilelwa yincwadi ehlukile ebizwa nge- "Pointer ekugcineni komgwaqo". Njengoba esethole ingxenye yokuqala yodumo, umbhali osemusha ungena enhlanganweni yokudala "ubusuku", futhi ngawo-1950s adala okwayo - "ngekhulu leminyaka".
Incwadi elandelayo "yodonga", oluhlanganisa izindaba eziningana nendaba "yodonga. Ubugebengu S. Karma ", unikeze umklomelo ohlonishwayo we-Akutagava Kulombhalo wokuqala, izici zesitayela sombhali sezivele zikhonjiswe ngokucacile: Kude kakhulu, umhlaba wakhe uyisifaniso esikhulu ukusiza ukuqonda ukwahlukaniswa komuntu womphakathi kanye nomzwangeko womuntu emhlabeni. Iqhawe 'lezindonga' lizoncishwa igama nangemva kokuba libe ngomunye umuntu owayeseduze, bese yena uqobo. Kulolu shintsho kukhona okufana "noguquko" lukaFranz Kafa.
Ngawo-1950s, uCobo Abe ubhala izindaba futhi adlala, ezinye zazo ziba yimikhiqizo namafilimu aseshashalazini. Ngemisebenzi yamaJapan, kwanikezwa umfutho wefilimu, futhi ukuguqulwa komqondisi uHiroshi Tassigahara kubhekwa njengokukhanya kakhulu. Umqondisi uthathwe amanoveli "Imephu eshisiwe", "ubuso bomunye umuntu", "Owesifazane oseSandwini", umsebenzi wokugcina uletha ama-OPheco ama-2 ka-Oscar.
Inoveli yesibili yombhali "iminyaka engamaqhwa yesine", futhi ngokuvela ngo-1962 "abesifazane esihlabathini" ngoCobo Aye baqala ukukhuluma njengombhali omkhulu onegama lomhlaba. Iqhawe lale ncwadi, ngokumelene nentando etshalwe emgodini ukuze asindise isihlabathi ukusuka esihlabathini esilele, izama ukuvukela uhlelo. Lapha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umbhikisho obhekene nemoto yombuso, lapho ubuntu buyisikulufa kuphela endaweni yonke, ngakolunye - ukungabaza ukungcwaba intando yakhe entweni yansuku zonke.
Ukuzithoba kokusekuthobeni kukwenza umfazi omnene ozoba umakhelwane womlingiswa. Kukhombisa enye indlela futhi enye ifilosofi yempilo, okuthinta ukuvela kweqhawe nangesinqumo asamukelayo kogcina. Futhi ngentambo yenoveli ejwayelekile kumbhali umlando wokunyamalala, osetshenziswa nguye nakwimisebenzi elandelayo. Ukunyamalala njengomqaphi womngcele, lapho unyamalala emhlabeni ojwayelekile futhi uvele kwenye - enye yezihloko zefilosofi eziphambili zobuciko. Enye iba ukuxabana kwempilo nokufa.
Ukusebenzela abantu kuqhathaniswa nobumbano kanye nesifiso sokugxila embhalweni "ubuso besifo", lapho iqhawe, khona lapho iqhawe lesikhumba esikhathazekile, lilahlekelwa ngumazisi, bese uqobo liphenduke isilo. Inoveli ivula i-Trilogy yezengqondo, nayo engene "kwimephu eshisiwe" ne "Box-Box". Abalingiswa beCobo Abe bahlala ezweni le-semi-infantistic, elingaphikisani nangempela, futhi lihlangane nalo ngokufana. Isikhala sezesigameko sikuvumela ukuthi wembula ukungqubuzana, lapho ubuntu buzama ukunqoba isizungu, ngaphandle kokudela ubuntu.
Indalo ye-penultimate yombhali "usuku lwemfihlo" - kwavela ngo-1977. Ucedzela i-bibliography ye-Master Roman "yangena emkhunjini." IJapan Classic yabhala yonke into enemisebenzi eyishumi nambili, kepha iningi labo langena esikhwameni sezincwadi zomhlaba.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Mayelana nempilo yomuntu siqu ye-prose edume kancane. Umlobi ngokwakhe wavuma ukuthi uyazizwa ungashadile futhi akahlushwa kulokhu, waphawula ukuthi bonke abantu ngokwabo basaba ukuvuma lokho. Mhlawumbe ngakho-ke wayengenabo abangane abaseduze, amakhosikazi nezingane. Ingqikithi yesizungu nokuhlukaniswa komuntu emhlabeni yaba maphakathi emsebenzini wamaJapan. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho ukucatheni kukaKobo Abe, "izincwadi zembula ubuso bomlobi."Le ndoda yangena esikhundleni sombango esicacile, iba yilungu leqembu lamaKhomanisi laseJapan ngawo-1950s, kodwa ngokuxoshwa kwesikhathi. Umlobi waveza ukugxekwa kokungena kwamasosha aseSoviet eHungary ngo-1958 kwathi ngo-1962 kwashiya inani lamaKhomanisi.
UCobo Abambe wahlela indawo yaseshashalazini yokuhlola eletha igama lakhe. Iqembu lalikhona iminyaka engaba ngu-10 futhi libeke imidlalo elotshwe umsunguli. Ukuvakasha kwe-Trupppees kujabulele ukuphumelela emhlabeni wonke, kepha eJapan, ubuhlakani babo baqashelwa kakhulu i-avant-garde.
Umagazini weJapan wayengagcini ezincwadini nasenkulisa: wayethanda ukuthwebula izithombe, umculo we-classical kanye namakhompyutha, abe ngomunye wababhali bokuqala abasayine i-processor yombhalo wehadiwe. Iqiniso elithandekayo - indoda ethile yayazi ukuthi idlala kanjani i-synthesizer yaze yabhala nomculo ethubeni lemidlalo yeshashalazi yakhe.
Ukushona
UCobo Abambe akunakwenzeka ukubizwa ngumuntu womphakathi. Naphezu komlobi inkazimulo nokwamukelwa komhlaba wonke, eminyakeni yamuva nje umbhali waqhubeka nokuhola impilo evikelekile eHasone Mountain Resort. Le ndoda igweme izintatheli, futhi zonke izinhlobo zabantu zakwamanye amazwe, zigxile emibhalweni emibhalo.
Ngo-1992, amakhosi aqokwe umklomelo kaNobel emkhakheni wezincwadi, kodwa wathola umvuzo wenkondlo kaDerek Walcott waseCarribbean Island waseSt. Lucia. NgoDisemba wonyaka ofanayo, ukusebenza esihlakaleni, uCobo Abe ulahlekelwe ukwazi. Isifo sohlangothi senzeka kwiprosesa, futhi waphuthunyiswa esibhedlela nge-hemorrhage ebanzi. Ngemuva kokubuya esibhedlela, isimo sesiguli saqala ukonakala, kwathi ngoJanuwari 22, 1993, indoda eneminyaka engu-68 ivimba inhliziyo, eba imbangela yokufa.
UCobo Abe uthathwa njenge "Yurophu" ebaluleke kakhulu kubabhali baseJapan. Ubuhlakani bakhe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bususelwa kumodeli ye-hieroglyphic yezwe laseJapan ngobuhlakani bayo kanye nophawu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ifa le-Western Pelosofi namaSiko livunwa.
Amacaphuna
"Ngempela, abasebenzi basiza umuntu ukuthi abuyise ngesikhathi sokugijima, noma ngabe kusebenza ngokungenhloso." "Hhayi isango lensimbi, hhayi i-Iron Out of the Camera - yilokhu okukhumbuza kakhulu umuntu Mayelana nokudingiswa. "" Isifiso sokuba ngumlobi yi-egoism ejwayelekile kunazo zonke: isifiso sokuba yidayisi futhi ngaleyo ndlela sizihlukanise nalo lonke imidlwane. "Awungeke ukwenze ukuze uthole yonke imidlwane." Awungeke ukwenze ukuze ucashe imvula ngaphansi kwemvula ngaphansi abantu ongabazi. "I-Bibliography
- 1947 - "Isikhombiso ekugcineni kwendlela"
- 1951 - "Udonga"
- Ngo-1959 - "Iminyaka Yesine Yeqhwa"
- Ngo-1962 - "Owesifazane Esihlabathini"
- Ngo-1964 - "Ubuso be-Alien"
- Ngo-1967 - "Njengomuntu"
- Ngo-1967 - "Imephu Eshisiwe"
- 1973 - "Ibhokisi le-Man"
- 1977 - "Usuku Lwemfihlo"
- Ngo-1984 - "wangena emkhunjini"