I-Biograge
Umlobi waseMelika uRobert asprine waziwa kubalandeli emhlabeni wonke. Kusuka ngaphansi kwepeni lepeni, kwakhululwa amanoveli amaningi, ahlanganiswe ochungechungeni. Odume kakhulu "umjikelezo wezinganekwane" onikezelwe kwikhono elikhulu nakubalingani bakhe.
Imisebenzi ye-aspin iyisici somqondo wokuhlekisa, amandla okuqina wesakhiwo kanye nokuvela kwabalingiswa. Ama-FIFTALET WAMANSO WAMAHHALA WAMABHODI agcwele izakhambi kanye nama-Dragons, kepha angabona kalula umbono wangempela, egcwele izinkinga zenhlalo nokuphikisana. I-Grotesque Fantasy Works of American ayikulindelekile futhi ngokuhamba kweminyaka ayilahli ukuthandwa kwazo kumfundi.
Ubuntwana nentsha
URobert Lynn Asprin waseMichigan, e-USA. I-Fiction yeSayensi yesikhathi esizayo yavela ngoJuni 28, 1946 eSt. John futhi yayinezimpande zePhilippino-Ireland. Uyise kaDaniel wasebenza njengomshayeli, noMama kaLorrain Cook efundiswa esikoleni samabanga aphansi. UBob wayenodadewabo omncane. Lo mndeni wathuthela e-Ann Ann Arbor Sunity Town, lapho kwakudlula khona ubuntwana nentsha yombhali. Ezemfundo umfana wafika lapho, noma kunjalo, eMinigIgan University wafunda iminyaka emi-2 kuphela - kusukela ngo-1964 kuya ku-1965.
Eminyakeni yobudala embalwa elandelayo, le nsizwa yachitha ezinhlwini zempi yase-US, lapho ayekhona ngezikhathi zempi yaseVietnam. Ukubuyela ekhaya, kwaba yisisebenzi senkampani "CEROX", lapho asebenza khona iminyaka eyi-12 eMnyangweni Wezimali. Kusihlwa, indoda iqala ukubhala izindaba zokuqala ezinhle. Ukuzijabulisa kwakhe okuthandayo kwakuwukubamba iqhaza emphakathini wokwakha kabusha. Lapha uRobert udala uClan wawo, ambize ngensimu emnyama emnyama futhi abhale izidingo zezingoma zikaFandom, ama-ballads kanye ne-saga.
Izincwadi
Inoveli yokuqala ethi "Izimpi Ezibandayo Zezimali" zaphuma ngo-1977 kwavuka endabeni yegama elifanayo. Incwadi ichaza imigomo lapho izinkampani zezimboni zilwa. I-Kanva Narration yakhelwe ngaphansi kwemithetho yezinganekwane, kepha amathuluzi omzabalazo - Ukuhlola, ukukhaphela, ukubulala - kuhlala kufana naseMhlabeni wangempela.
Inoveli engokomfanekiso "Impi yaseZhukov kanye neLizards", ekhishwe eminyakeni emi-2 kamuva, imele imodeli yomphakathi, lapho ibusa khona izilwane nezinambuzane. Lokhu kwempucuko kuphila ngokwemithetho yempi, futhi ayinayo indawo yobuntu bokudala. Wonke umuntu kufanele akhiqize umkhiqizo owusizo noma ukubamba amakhono empi.
Umsebenzi wokuqala omkhulu, oshicilelwe kusuka ngaphansi kwe-feather aspin, waba ngumjikelezo "umhlaba wamasela", waqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970. Futhi uma izivivinyo zokuqala zilotshwe ngohlobo lwesayensi yesayensi, bese kuchungechunge lwamasela akhuluma ngamasela, umculi uthola inkampani yokubhala ngesandla yesandla sokuhlekisa. Izincwadi seziqala ukuqala kwento enkulu, lapho abanye ababhali behlanganiswa khona, futhi ngenxa yalokho, umjikelezo uphenduka umsebenzi ohlanganyelwe we-Virtuosooso, lapho uRobert enza khona iqhaza lomhleli. Uchungechunge lubandakanya imibhalo enjengokuthi "Allies Ongenakuphikiswa", "Isipho se-Farewell" ne "Intengo Yentengo".
"Izwe lamasela" alindelwe ukuphumelela kokuhweba nokufunda uthando, ngoba iqiniso lakhiwe laliyiphilisa, lizithambekele futhi likhuthaza ukuboniswa. Ngokusekelwe kwi-anthology, imidlalo yebhodi yathuthukiswa, amahlaya ayedonswa, futhi amalungelo ezinhlamvu athengiswa emuva ngo-2005, kepha akukho lutho oluzwayo ngalo msebenzi.
Inganekwane yesayensi ikhiqiza imibono eminingi, futhi isineke imvimbela ukuthi agxile esihlokweni esisodwa. Mhlawumbe, ngakho-ke, imisebenzi eminingi ibhalwe ngabo kubabhali abasebenza nabo, lapho ozakwabo basiza emsebenzini ngemininingwane nemininingwane. Phakathi kwababhali abasebenza no-Asprin basebenza ndawonye - uJody Lynn Nai, uLynn Ebby, uLinda Evans nabanye.
Uthando lwabalandeli luyawujabulela umjikelezo ophathelene nomfundi womlingo womlingo noDemoni Aaza, owaba amaqhawe 'wenganekwane ", amahlaya aphelele, amahlaya angalindelekile kanye nezinhlamvu ezingalindelekile kanye nezinhlamvu ezingalindelekile kanye nezinhlamvu ezingalindelekile kanye nezinhlamvu ezingalindelekile. Uchungechunge lubandakanya izincwadi eziyi-19, kufaka phakathi i- "Mif Corporation esebenzayo", "Enye inganekwane enhle", "abantu abanganekwane".
Ngo-1990, umlobi wavula ukukhethwa kwamanoveli ahlekisayo ohlontwe lwezempi "JODOTSKAY ROTA". Ukufika kukaCaptain Wortry Jott nethimba lakhe elihlanya lakhe zinikelwe ezincwadini ezi-6. Eminye imijikelezo ethandwayo efakiwe - "Duncan kanye ne-mallory", "Isikhathi Scouts" ("Isiteshi Sesikhathi").
Imisebenzi ye-Master ingena kabili ohlwini lwabathengisi beNew York Times, futhi yahlonishwa ngamaphrimiyamu ama-2 emkhakheni wesayensi yesayensi kanye nenganekwane - "I-Locus" ne "Balrog" kanye ne- "Balrogi". Ematheksthini omlobi, awunakuthola izingcaphuno ezijulile, kepha amandla wesakhiwo kanye ne-willy syllable yinto abaheha umfundi kuze kube namuhla.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Indoda yashada kabili. Oshade naye wokuqala wayesebenza naye ehhovisi le- "xerox" u-Ann Ann Ann, umshado owabanjwa ngo-1968. Izingane ezimbili zazalelwa kulo mbhangqwana - u-Annette noDaniel.
Umfazi wesibili uRobert Lynn Ebby uchithe umlobi wakhe iminyaka eminingi. Bahlangane ngo-1976 eLunacone - iCongress yesayensi yesayensi eNew York, kanyekanye basebenza ochungechungeni oluthi "umhlaba wamasela", okubandakanya izincwadi eziyi-12 zeProsuik. Owesifazane wawumncane kunomyeni wakhe iminyaka engu-2, wabhala amanoveli nezimo, yize kulo msebenzi kuwumqondo nohlaziye sohlelo. Umshado wadlalwa ngo-1982.
Ngo-1993, empilweni yomuntu siqu ya-Asprina, kwenzeka umcimbi omuhle kakhulu wesehlukaniso - isehlukaniso nomkakhe, esasinokuthula, kodwa sakhiwe. Owesifazane uphinde washada futhi wathuthela kwelinye izwe, futhi uRobert waphila okwakhe eminyakeni eyikhulu.
Ukushona
Ngokwemimo yalowo oshade naye wangaphambilini, iminyaka yokugcina yombhali yagcizelelwa yinzuzo engenampilo futhi evamile. ULynn Abby akazange afinyele uRobert isikhathi eside, kepha abheka isithombe, akunakumbona ngoba ebukeka eneminyaka yobudala futhi ephukile.Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1990s, inhlekelele isifikile enganebeni ye-Biction Biography: Washiya ubuqambi futhi wethule izindaba zakhe zezezimali. Ukungafuni ukubhekana nezincane zentela, umbhali wagcina esesimweni lapho angakwazi ukuthola izinduna zohlelo olusha. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, isibonelo saqala ukubhala futhi sathola amandla okunqoba izinkinga zotshwala.
Ngo-Ephreli 2008, incwadi yokugcina yashicilelwa - "Ama-Dragon Games", kwathi ngoMeyi 22, i-aspina ayizange. Ngesikhathi sokufa, le ndoda yayingu-62nd. Ngokusho kwabathandekayo, akukho lutho olufanekiselwa yizinkinga: URobert waqhubeka nokusebenza emibhalweni yesandla yakhe endlini yakhe ye-novonnoral futhi wayesesimweni sokungathembeki. Phakathi kwamasu aseduze kwakuwukuvakashelwa kweCongress eyinhloko yesayensi yesayensi eMarcon njengesivakashi. Imbangela yokufa ibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Umlobi wathola elele kusofa enencwadi ezandleni zakhe. I-Fantastic Crumeted, ngoba Wayengumphikisi wemikhosi yomngcwabo.
I-Bibliography
- 1977 - "Izimpi Ezibandayo Zezimali"
- Ngo-1978 - "Enye inganekwane enhle"
- Ngo-1979 - "Impi yeZhukov kanye Nezibungu"
- Ngo-1979 - "Umhlaba Wamasela"
- 1980 - "Izindaba zeTavern" Slutric unicorn ""
- 1980 - "Inganekwane"
- 1982 - "Izinganekwane"
- 1983 - "Inhlanhla noma Inganekwane"
- 1984 - "Abantu Abanganekwane"
- 1990 - "Shot Rota"
- 1992 - "Shot" Paradise "
- 1995 - "Ama-Scouts wesikhathi"
- 2000 - "Isikhathi ama-rutters"
- 2008 - "Ama-Dragon Games"