I-Biograge
UJeffrey Chosera Statoporaties obizwa ngokuthi "uyise Wezincwadi ZesiNgisi", futhi izindlalifa zilinganise ubuqambi bembongi njengezikhathi "zezinkathi eziphakathi" futhi zahlukana ngezingcaphuno zezincane namuhla. Ubengomunye wakuqala ukuthandwa imisebenzi ebhalwe ngesiNgisi ngesikhathi sokubusa kwesiLatini nesiFulentshi e-UK.Ubuntwana nentsha
UJeffrey Choseer wazalelwa cishe ngo-1343 enhlokodolobha yaseGreat Britain - eLondon. Uyise wayehlanganyela ekuthengiseni iwayini futhi walinikeza lesi siphuzo esidakayo egcekeni lenkosi. Ngenxa yobudlelwano phakathi kwesihlobo se-jeffrey esencane, eseneminyaka engu-17 sathola isikhundla seMkhandlu wePizza ka-Elizabeth, ongumfazi kaDuke Lionlel.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoNgo-13599, wabamba iqhaza emkhankasweni, owahlelwa yiNgilandi ngokumelene neFrance. Ngesikhathi somcimbi wezempi, umfana wathunjwa. Inkosi yanquma ukuhlenga i-chosera futhi ilenze i-chathoneri yomuntu siqu kanye ne-squire. Ngokufana nensizakalo, insizwa yokudala yaqamba izinkondlo intokazi ethile, engazange ihlangane nayo ukuphindisela.
Lapho esephothule impi, uJeffrey waba ngumfundi wesikole seLondon Law School, lapho i-Aza yaboniswa khona. Esikhungweni sezemfundo, imbongi yokuqala yafunda ubuhlakani hhayi nje kuphela ama-classics, kodwa futhi nabamele abamele izindlu ezihamba phambili, iziLatieval Latin nezincwadi zesiFulentshi zesimanje. Kamuva, lolu lwazi lwaluwusizo kuCoser lapho lihumusha "amaRoma" amaRoma "nalapho bebhala izinkondlo ezincane nezinkondlo ze-lyrical.
Ubumbongi
INDLELA ENTSHA ENGhlalalelayo "Yentsha" yathatha iminyaka engu-1369 yaya kwa-1369 kuya ku-1379, ingabe isiko lesiko lokubizwa ngokuthi "isiFulentshi" e-biography yakhe ngenxa yethonya elibalulekile lezincwadi zezinkantolo zaseFrance. Ngalesi sikhathi, imbongi yayigangiwe ekuhunyushweni komsebenzi we- "Roman Mayelana Rose" okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni, okuyinye yezincwadi ezaziwa kakhulu ezikhishwe ngeNkathi Ephakathi.Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoIbhalwe ngo-1369, inkondlo ebizwa ngokuthi "incwadi kaDuchess" yanikela ekufeni kweBlanca, okungunkosikazi wokuqala womsunguli weLancaster Dynasty John Gice. Noma kwenye yemisebenzi yakhe yokuqala, uCoser wakwazi ukukhombisa njengombhali onekhono eliyingqayizivele lokubamba ngekhanda nezincazelo ezingavamile.
Ku-1367 Jeffrey wamisa isikhundla seRoyal Changer futhi wapha ngeBhodi. Uhambo lokuqala lwendoda e-Italy lwenzeke kwabangu-137ND ezingxoxweni nomholi weGenoa. Ukubuya lapho futhi eminyakeni emi-5, ukhethe wahlala isikhathi esingangonyaka futhi wakwazi ukukhuluma kahle ne-Italian, kanye nokubona isigaba sokuqala seRenaissance kanye nokukhula okukhulu kwesiko lamadolobha.
Ukwazi umsebenzi wezimbongi zase-Italy kwaba nomthelela omkhulu umbono wobuciko ngo-chooseer. Uboleke kakhulu kubalobi bendawo, njengePetrarch, uDante noBoccaccio, okungukuthi ama-tirade amade kanye nenhlanganisela yenkondlo, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nezindaba. E-Italy, uJeffrey waphinde wajwayela izimbongi ezibhala ngesiLatini.
Ngenxa yendlela ejulile esifundweni semisebenzi yama-Italiya, imbongi ifunde ukuphelela nomusa, ongajwayelekile kubameleli ngaphambili kwezincwadi zesiNgisi. Ekuphazanyisweni phakathi kohambo lwabo lokudala, kwafika abakhethiweyo eLondon futhi benza imisebenzi yokuphatha.
Kusukela ngo-13744 futhi kuze kube yi-1386th (iminyaka engu-12), indoda ethile yasebenza njengomphathi wamasosha kanye nomlawuli, ephila ngokuzithoba embhoshongweni we-Aldcu. Ngokufanelekile nangesikhathi ukubhekana nemisebenzi yabo, akazange akhohlwe ukuchitha isikhathi ezinkondlweni zezinkondlo.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoIsikhathi sokuphumula phakathi kwe-1380 no-1386th siyisiko elibizwa ngokuthi yi- "Italian" emkhakheni wokudala weJeffrey. Kwakunjalo ngalesi sikhathi lapho babhalwa futhi bashicilela "izindaba zaseKenterberia", Izinkondlo "IPhalamende", "iTrowend noCresan" kanye "nenganekwane yabesifazane abayisibonelo". Ukuzalwa kabusha kwaqhubeka kugqugquzelwa ozakwabo kwangaphandle, kodwa kwawo okuningi komuntu uqobo kwakuzovela emisebenzini yakhe.
Ngakho-ke, uChoseer waqala ukukhombisa inkululeko ebalulekile, isitayela sakhe semibhalo sazibonakalisa, ikakhulukazi, ezingxoxweni eziphilayo zemvelo, kanye nokulandisa okumibalabala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waqala ukudalula kancane izici zobuntu bakhe emisebenzini, eyazenzela indoda ethile kubafundi.
Inkondlo enkulu "troil ne-cresus", equkethe izincwadi ezi-5, ihlanganise i-comic ne-tragic, evamile nenobuqhawe. Kuyo, umbhali wabona iNkosi yokudalwa kwabalingiswa nezindaba ezihamba kancane, kanye nodokotela wezengqondo ocashile. Kuma-fainals ezinkondlo, njengoba amukelwe ezincwadini zesiNgisi ngaleso sikhathi, imbongi yabelana ngokuziphatha nabafundi abancane.
"Inganekwane yabesifazane abayisibonelo" yinkondlo yokuqala enkulu ngesiNgisi, eyakhiwa emigqeni enamacala ayishumi. Kukhuluma ngamaqhawe aphelelwe othandweni, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ukuphefumlelwa komsebenzi kwakuwukuthi uJeffrey Jeffers ovelele ophikisana naye - indlovukazi eqinisweni lokuthi imbongi yayivame ukugcona phansi ezindabeni ezibuthakathaka ezindabeni ezedlule, ezinjengeRoma ngeRosa ne-Trosan.
"Izindaba zeCanterbury" - umsebenzi odumile owenza igama likaChosera alifi futhi emhlabeni wonke liyabonakala ngenzalo. Incwadi ethi sikhuluma ngezihambi ezingama-29 zokushisa ezahlukahlukene, ubudala, izigaba kanye nezingxenye zomphakathi, ezihlangane ndawonye kwezindawo zokudlela eziseduze naseLondon ukuya eConsterbury futhi kukhonze ithuna likaSt. Thomas Beta.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoUkuze abulale isikhathi, ngalinye labahambi liveze uhlobo oluthile lwenganekwane noma indaba. Ngasikhathi sinye, bonke abathengisi bezindaba akulula ngaphandle kokuma baye lapho uya khona, kodwa futhi bachitha ubusuku emathangeni, baxhumana nabadlulayo, bamemeze, banikeze izincomo, ukuthuka. Ngokuvamile, "izindaba zeCanterbury" zingokokuziphatha futhi zifakaze isikhathi sazo, izithombe ezibhalwe phansi emphakathini wesiko lendabuko.
Lapho sekushona ilanga empilweni yakhe, "uYise wezinkondlo zesiNgisi" waqamba izinkondlo eziningi ezazigxishwe ngesimo esidabukisayo kakhulu. Isizathu salokhu kwakuyisifiso sikaChoselera sokufihla esikhaleni nasekugcwalisweni kwesixuku. Le ndoda yabuza inkosi yosizo lwezezimali, ngoba ukuxabana ebuphofini.
Ngalesi sikhathi, imbongi ivale imicabango yakhe nangomuzwa. Kodwa-ke, kungekudala inhlanhla yamamatheka futhi ngumbhali lapho umhambisi wakhe ephakamisa umhlalaphansi obalulekile ngenxa yezindinganiso. Ngemali etholwe, ukhethe wakwazi ukukhokhela ukuqasha indlu enhle eduze kwaseWestminster Abbey.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umuntu owandulelayo wajabula empilweni yakhe nonkosikazi wakhe uPhilippe de Roeé, okuyindodakazi kaPara - i-Flemish Knight. Umshado wawungumcimbi odingekile ngokwedlulele kokuqaliswa kwayo yonke imibono yoMlobi. Lo mbhangqwana wawunezingane ezimbili - amadodana kaThomase, owabonakala emhlabeni ngawo-1367, futhi uLewis, ezalwe ngawo-1380.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoIqiniso elithandekayo empilweni kaJeffrey Chosera ukuthi wakwazi ukuzimisa emphakathini hhayi njengezefilosofi ezinamakhono kuphela, umlobi nembongi ehlakaniphile. Ngakho-ke, lapho indodana yakhe encane uLewis ineminyaka eyishumi ubudala, indoda yenza umcimbi wesayensi e-Astrolabia.
Ukushona
UJeffrey Choseer waphila impilo ecebile, egcwele imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Imbongi ayizange ibe yilapho eneminyaka engama-57 ubudala - indoda yafa ngo-Okthoba 25, 1400 enhlokodolobha yaseGreat Britain.Imbangela ngqo yokufa, ngeshwa, ayikasindile kuze kube namuhla. Umngcwabo womlobi wenzeka ekhoneni lezimbongi, ezikuWestminster Abbey. Isithombe soMdali omkhulu kakhulu oqoshwe epuletini lamatshe.
Amacaphuna
Emiphefumulweni ephezulu, isihawu - izivakashi ezivame njalo - umsuka wayo yonke i-slasko eminye imithetho,Vumela leyo mithetho mayibe ngowokuqala ukuthobela ukugcwaliseka esivumelwaneni sokuphila.
Ubudlova bungakushaya ubungani
I-Bibliography
- 1369 - "I-Duchess Book"
- 1378 - "Izindaba zeCanterbury"
- 1381 - "IPhalamende Lezinyoni"
- 1382 - "troil no-cresan"
- 1383-1384 - "Indlu Yenkazimulo"
- 1388 - "Inganekwane yabesifazane abayisibonelo"