UJohn Cabot - Photo, Biography, impilo yomuntu siqu, imbangela yokufa, umcwaningi

I-Biograge

I-Italian Navigator Giovanni Caboto, eyaziwa emhlabeni njengoJohn Cabot - umuntu wokuqala osusele emabhange eCanada. Ukuphuma kweCabota kubhekwa njengezifundo zokuqala zaseYurophu zengxenye yasogwini yeNyakatho Melika.

Ubuntwana nentsha

UGiovanni Caboto, owazalelwa ngo-1450, mhlawumbe ngoMeyi 23, wakhuliswa emndenini kaJulio Caboto nomkakhe, kanye noMfoweth 'uPiero.

Amadolobha ase-Italy aseGaet neCastiglion-Kyabarese abhekwa njengezindawo ezinokwenzeka kakhulu zokubukeka kwayo. Izazi-mlando zincike ekukhetheni kokuqala, ngoba ezinqolobaneni zeGaeta kukhona amarekhodi (aguqula amarekhodi angu-1443) mayelana nohlobo olubalulekile lweCaboto. Kodwa-ke, uPedro de Aiala, umhambi wanamuhla, ezincwadini eziya emqheleni waseSpain wachaza uJohn Kabona ngokuthi "omunye uGenomez, njengoColumbus." UCastiglione-Kyabareza uyidolobha esifundazweni saseGenoa, naseGaeta - esifundazweni saseLatina.

Kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi umnqobi wesikhathi esizayo waseNyakatho Melika ngobuzwe base-Italy.

Mayelana ne-biography kaJohn Cabota uyazi okuncane. Ngo-1476, waba yisakhamuzi saseVenetian Republic, eyayidinga okungenani iminyaka eyi-15 yokuhlala edolobheni. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, umndeni womcwaningi awuzange uhambe kungakapheli 1461.

Ukhanda

Ukuba yisakhamuzi saseVenetian kwanikeza i-kebotu ilungelo lokubamba iqhaza ekuhwebeni kwasolwandle, kufaka phakathi ulwandle iMedithera. Lo msebenzi wenza i-savvy yase-Italy ngolwazi lwempahla yasempumalanga - izinongo kanye usilika. Ngokuzithenga kuma-Arabhu, uKabot wayenesifiso lapho izinongo zivela khona. Ukusuka ezimxolweni zenkungu, indoda ephetha ngokuthi indawo yokuzalwa yezinongo yiNdiya. Isifiso sokuvakashela leli lizwe futhi sigqugquzelwe iCabota ye-Adventures.

Amaqiniso empilo yomuntu siqu kaJohn Cabota ayaziwa ngokubonga. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1484, umcwaningi washada noMattei futhi okungenani waba nezingane ezimbili. Sekukonke, kwakhuliswa amadodana amathathu emndenini - uLouis, Santo naseSebastian Cabot. Kanye nobaba wakhe, bahamba emhlabeni.

NgoNovemba 5, 1488, uJohn Kabot wehla uVenice waba umkweletile wakweleta futhi wathuthela eValencia. Abaphenyi baze bazama ukubopha, ukuxhumana nalosizo kubaphathi bendawo, kodwa eSpain kwahlaselwa inhlolovo, akekho othintwe yisigebengu esincane.

Ukuba eValencia, uJohn Cabot Montecalunha (ngakho-ke isihambi sishiwo kumadokhumenti endawo) siphakamise uhlelo lokuthuthukisa itheku, elahliwe. Ekuqaleni kuka-1494, indoda yathuthela eSeville, lapho ayesebenza khona ekwakhiweni kwebhuloho lamatshe ngaphesheya koMfula iGuadalquivir. Le phrojekthi yashiywa ngesinqumo seziphathimlilo ngoDisemba wonyaka ofanayo.

Ngemuva kokuhluleka okuningana emkhakheni wonjiniyela wokwakha uKabot wakhumbula uthando olwandle. Ucele iziphathimandla zeSeville naseLisbon ukuba zibambe iqhaza enhlanganweni yokuphuma koLwandlekazi i-Atlantic. Ngaphandle kokuthola impendulo, indoda ephakathi kuka-1495 yancenga uHulumeni waseNgilandi. Ukusekelwa okubhaliwe, iGiovanni Caboto ijoyine ubuzwe be-English, iba nguJohn Cabot.

Ukuphuma kanye nocwaningo

Ngo-1480, uJohn Kabot, owayengumhwebi, odluliselwe kwiziphathimandla ze-Bristol ukuhlela uhambo lokufuna iBrazil ephezulu - iziqhingi zenjabulo, zona, zisezinsukwini ze-Atlantic Ocean. Lesi siqhingi sakhanga amatshe esihlahla saseBrazil, lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthola udayi obomvu obalulekile. Impumelelo yalolu hambo izoletha uhlobo oluthile lwengcebo kwiCabota, kodwa sicela ukhumbule.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, isazi-mlando saseBrithani u-Elvin Raddok wanyathelisa imibhalo, ngokusho ukuthi uJohn Kabot ngoJuni 1495 wafika eLondon ngemvume yokwenza uhambo lokuphuma ngaphansi kwefulegi lesiNgisi. Omunye wabashisekeli bakhe kwakungubaba weGiovanni Antonio de Carbonaries, ngubani, ukuba nobudlelwano obuhle negceke lasebukhosini, wethule iHenry VII Traiker.

NgoMashi 1496, uKabot wathola imali mboleko evela ebhange leFlorence, kepha kwakukhona iningi lemali edingekayo ukubhukuda, kepha akuzange kuvale umbuzo wezezimali. Ngasikhathi sinye, uHeinrich VII wanikeza umhambi ngokuthi "ukubhukuda kuzo zonke izingxenye, izifunda kanye nogu lwe-East, Western naseNyakatho olwandle ngaphansi kwamabhanela amaNgisi." Lo mbhalo uveze ukuthi uhambo lweKabota kufanele luqale kusuka ku-bristol, futhi ukutholwa okwenziwe ohambweni kwaba impahla yaseNgilandi.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Ngokusobala, ehlobo lika-1496, uJohn Kabot wenza ukubhukuda kuqala. Isifunda Sokucwaninga, umzila kanye nenhloso yokuhamba akwaziwa. Mhlawumbe i-Italian isanqume ukufika ogwini lweBrazil ephezulu. Ukuphela kwento ekhombisa ukuthi uhambo luyincwadi yomthengisi weBristol uJohn Dayland Dagiator uChristopher Columbus wabhalwa ebusika be-1497. Iningi lomthengisi lichaze uhambo lwesibili lweCaboota, kepha kukhona imininingwane enjalo:

"Waya emkhunjini owodwa nethimba elingaziwa, phakathi kwendlela eshiywe ngaphandle kwezinqolobane futhi wagijimela esimweni sezulu esibi, ngakho-ke nginqume ukubuyela emuva."

Umkhankaso olandelayo weCabot wathatha ngo-1497. Mayelana nohambo lwaziwa ikakhulu kusuka emlandweni we-bristol. Ngokusho kwayo, ngoJuni 24, "izwe laseMelika latholwa ngabathengisi beBristol." Umkhumbi othi "Matty", okungenzeka okuthiwa ngemuva komngane womshado kaMcwaningi uMattei, waphuma ethekwini ngoMeyi 2 nabantu abangu-18-20 abasebhodini babuya ngo-Agasti 6.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo avela kuloluhambo oluvulekile ezincwadini zikaJohn Day Daia, ongobani, ngokuqagela kwezazi-mlando, abeseMathewu. Umthengisi ukhombisa ukuthi umkhumbi uchithe izinsuku ezingama-35 olwandle oluvulekile. Okulandelayo, cishe inyanga yeCabot enikelwe esifundweni se-sushi, idlulela eBrazil ephezulu. Indlela yokubuya yathatha izinsuku eziyi-15.

Ngokufika kokuqala kwe-kabot kumenyezele izwe lenkosi yesiNgisi. Indawo eqondile yokufika isikhathi eside kwakuyindaba yezingxabano zezazi-mlando nabamele. Njengoba izinketho ezingenzeka, iziqhingi zaseLabrador, Maine, eCape Breton, kwabhekwa udokotela waseCape Bonavist. Ngomkhungiso wama-500 wokuphuma kweCanada neGreat Britain, indawo esemthethweni yokubuka iCaber Island Newfoundland.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Ubufakazi balesi siphetho yincwadi ye-Milan AmbasAdor raymonto de raymondi de sacino, yango-December 1497, okubonisa ukuthi uhambo lweKabot luthole indawo esiqhingini saseNewfoundland, "ray fish". Kamuva, iphuzu lolwandle i-Atlantic ucebile olwandle lwe-Atlantic lwaluthola igama lebhange laseNewfoundland.

Umthengisi uLorenzo Pasqualigo ovela eVenice encwadini, owamukelayo ongaziwa, kukhombisa ukuthi uhambo lwe-caboota akulutho nje lwamahemuhemu. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi "iVenetian eyahamba isuka eBristol emkhunjini omncane, yabuya yathi yathola umhlaba ngezilimi ezingama-700 ezivela ku-bristol." Esedlule ogwini lwaseLigi angama-300, iCabot ayizange ihlangana khona nabantu, kepha ithola - umlilo, izimbotshana zezilwane, igiya lokudoba - kuvunyelwe ukuphetha ngokuthi bakhona abahlali emhlabeni.

U-Elvin Raddok, ebhekisa encwadini kaGiovanni Antonio de Carbonary, uthi amatilosi aseBristol athola umhlaba phezu kolwandle naphambi kohambo lweCabota, ngakho-ke umnikelo wakhe wesayensi ugcwele kakhulu. Ngokusho kwesazi-mlando, uhambo oluya ogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika lwenzeka eminyakeni engama-20 ngaphambi kweNatigator yase-Italy. Kodwa-ke, le ncwadi okukhulunywa ngayo ayikatholakali ngoba akwaziwa, ukuthi imihlabe yongowokugcina i-raddow idlulise icala.

Lapho ebuyela eBristol, uJohn Kabot waya ezilalelini zenkosi. Ukuze uthole ukutholwa okubalulekile kwezwe ngo-Agasti 10, 1497, umhambi waholelwa umholo we- £ 10, okwakukhona ngalezo zikhathi kwakulingana nomholo wesisebenzi noma ubuciko obujwayelekile iminyaka emi-2. NgoDisemba wonyaka ofanayo, uHeinrich VII uqoke ipen ye-£ 20 ngonyaka.

NgoFebhuwari 3, 1498, umcwaningi wathola ilungelo lobunikazi ohambweni olusha, futhi kakade ngoMeyi ofanayo, waletha imikhumbi emi-5 evela ethekwini leBristol, elinye lalo lalihlome nenkosi. Eminye imikhumbi egcinwe izindwangu nezindwangu, okuyi-kabot ehlele ukuhweba kuloluhambo.

NgoJulayi, omunye wemikhumbi wawela esivunguvungwini futhi waphoqeleka ukuba axoshwe ogwini lwase-Ireland, lonke izwe lonke laqhubeka nendlela. Ngo-1498, iqembu labasebenzi beCabota lafika eNyakatho Melika futhi lahamba ngasogwini. Bathi lolu hambo luphele emngceleni wamasimu e-Spanish eCaribbean, kodwa akukho lwazi oluthembekile mayelana nemicimbi yalolo handisi.

Ukushona

Usuku, izimo kanye nesizathu sokufa kukaJohn Kabota kuseyisikhubekiso. Kukholakala ukuthi imikhumbi yalahleka olwandle lusendleleni ebuyela emuva, kepha okungenani elinye lamalungu eqembu, lancelit tirkill, lishonile eLondon vele ku-1501.Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, uKabot ushonele endleleni. Yala indodana yakhe endala uSebastian. Ngale ndlela, le nsizwa yangena ezinyathelweni zikaBaba, ngo-1508 ngokubhukuda eNyakatho Melika, kwathi ngo-1526-1630 - eningizimu.

U-Elvin Raddok uphakamisa ukuthi uKabot wabuya eNgilandi e-England entwasahlobo yango-1500. Isiphetho esinjalo sesisazi-mlando sakwenza ngesisekelo semephu kaJuan de la Spit, eyayiyingxenye yeqembu lase-Italy. Ushaye amaphuzu wokugcina wendawo ngo-1500.

Ukukhumbula

Ngemuva kokushona kweCabota emhlabeni, futhi ikakhulukazi e-UK, imidwebo eminingi kanye nezinhlaka zokwakha ezinikelwe inkumbulo yomcwaningi kwadalwa.

Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayo

Ngakho-ke, ezweni laseNewfoundland naseBristol kuze kufike iminyaka engama-400 ukubhukuda okukhulu, kwavela imibhoshongo yeKabota, enye yaleyo efinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angama-30. Ngomkhunjuzwa ka-500 we-Bonavist Cape futhi ogwini lwaseBristol "bamisa" amakhophi ethusi "ama-matty".

INewfoundland neLabrador, isikwele eLondon naseMontreal, University eRoma, Isikole samaKatolika eCanada saqanjwa ngokuthi uKabota. Kepha umcimbi obaluleke ngempela womlando ukuthi ukuhamba kukaJohn Cabot kuphefumulelwe uHenry Hudzon ukubhukuda.