Umlando Wemilingiswa
Umlingiswa ophambili we-Autobiographical Lead kuMaxim Gorky "ubuntwana". Umfana onesiphepho esinselele, esasinobubi obuningi, ubumpofu nobudlova ngemuva kokufa kukaYise.Umlando wendalo
Indatshana, lapho kamuva le ndaba "ubuntwana" yakhula khona, yabizwa ngokuthi "ugogo ka-Akulin" futhi yanyatheliswa eSamara Gazeta ngo-1895. Sebenza endabeni, noma kunjalo, wabambezeleka, futhi wathweswa iziqu embhalweni omubi ngoDisemba 1913 e-Italy.
Indaba "ubuntwana" ngo-1938 yayisuselwa kwifilimu "yobuntwana kaGorky", eyayikhishwe estudiyo "sefilimu kasoyazden". Umqondisi weteyipu kwakunguMark DonSkoy, futhi iqhaza lika-Alesh Peshkov lenziwa ngumlingisi we-Alexey.
Abagxeki bemibhalo bakholelwa ukuthi "i-trilogy" ye-autobiographical "ye-gorky" yobuntwana "," kubantu "kanye" namanyuvesi wami "abheka incazelo ethembekile yempilo yombhali eminyakeni yokuqala ayinakwenzeka. Le akuyona imibhalo yobuciko, futhi izehlakalo zangempela zihlanekezelwa kakhulu umcabango we-gorky. Umongo uthinte lezi zindaba, iqiniso lokuthi imibhalo yadalwa ngesikhathi sezinguquko, inaka izimo ezintsha nezicelo zomphakathi.
I-Gorky insumansule emlandweni womndeni wePussy noCascore, kanye nomlingiswa ophambili - u-Alyosha Peshkov - akahlali ekhonjwa empeleni ngemunyu. Ngaphezu kwezinhlamvu nemicimbi enesisekelo sangempela futhi isuselwa ezinkumbulweni ze-gorky mayelana nobuntwana, embhalweni kuneziqephu eziningi eziqanjiwe namaqhawe. Akunakwenzeka ukucubungula le ndaba ngomqondo wangempela we-biography wombhali.
ENizhny Novgorod egcekeni leMnyuziyamu kaMaxim Maxim Gorky ngo-1957, kusho itshe lesikhumbuzo e-Aleche Peshkov, elibonisa umbhali ngokwakhe njengomntwana onencwadi eya ezandleni zakhe.
Tale "ubuntwana"
Igama lomlingiswa ophambili wendaba "ubuntwana" lihambisana negama lamanje le-Maxim Gorky - Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov. I-Alyosha inokubukeka okubuthaka - ukuphakama okude kumfanekiso omncane futhi okhanyayo, ikhala elibhemayo, ama-cheekbones abonakalayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, iqhawe le-deft futhi liqine iminyaka yakhe.
U-Alyosha Peshkov kulula ukutadisha, ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha ukufunda ne-arithmetic, kepha akunakubekezelela incwadi futhi kuqonda kahle uhlelo lolimi. Iqhawe linenkumbulo enobuhlakani nomlingiswa onenkani.
Abazali bakwa-Alyosha ekuqaleni bahlala eNizhny Novgorod, eLegene, bezungezwe ingadi. Iqhawe lizalwe lapho. Lapho-ke u-alyosha omncane nomndeni wakhe uqhubekela e-Astrakhan. Impilo yokuqala yeqhawe igcwele ukungakhathali nenjabulo. Umfana akavamile ukuthi amemeze, izijeziso ezingokomzimba azisebenzi ku-alyasha. Impilo nabazali ihlala iyindawo ekhanyayo kwinkumbulo yeqhawe.
Ubaba weqhawe kungenye yezithombe ezimbalwa ezinhle endabeni, indoda ejabulisayo nenomusa. Kodwa-ke, ufela ikholera kusenesikhathi. Ukulandela ubaba, umfowabo osanda kuzalwa u-Alyosha uyafa. Ngemuva kwalokho, umama nogogo weqhawe kanye nomfana babuyela eNizhny Novgorod.
Lapho, u-Alesha Peshkov uhlala emndenini kamama - endlini kaKashirini, lapho kubusa khona umkhathi onobutha, futhi abantu bezondana. Izihlobo zihlala zixabana futhi zilwa. U-Alesha wahlupheka okungajwayelekile esimweni esinjalo. Kepha ukuzama ukufihla lesi simo, ukuzibandakanya ekulweni nabafana emgwaqweni nasekubi. Iqhawe livame ukubuyela ekhaya ngekhala elinemibala.
Umkhulu u-Alyoshi uyindoda endala eyomile, indoda enolaka, ithambekele ebudloveni basekhaya, umnikazi wendawo yokusebenzela enhle. Umkhulu ushaya amaqhawe okugibela futhi ake athola umfana abe ngumfana abe yisimo esingazi lutho, ngakho-ke uchitha iqhawe izinsuku ezithile, izinhlungu. Udlame wenza i-alyosha ithinta ngokungajwayelekile futhi izwela izinhlungu. Njengoba iqhawe likhula liqine, umkhulu ungakhulisa ngisho isandla sakhe kuye, esehle ehleni. Leli qhawe ngokwakhe liqala ukuphula amabhaya kamkhulu kaningi.
Unina ka-Alyosha uphonsa indodana yakhe kuMnandi kaMkhulu wakhe futhi akanandaba nokukhuliswa kweqhawe. Indlu nayo ihlala uMalume Alyosha - amadoda adala anemindeni. Lezo azijabule kakhulu ukuba zibonakale odade nengane. Umalume Aleshi - Nikudushny hostem, futhi ngasikhathi sinye sekuphele isikhathi eside kuphupha ukuhlukanisa impahla yomndeni nohlakazeka. Kodwa-ke, umkhulu, ukuhlinzeka ngokuthi ngeke kuphele lutho oluhle, akunikezi okunikelwayo ngefa. Umuntu ophela 'omuhle' endlini osendlini ugogo, ofaka futhi avikele u-alyosha.
Indlu ihlala nendodana yokutholwa ka-Ivan Gypsies, umkhulu ahlala esongela ukubhala umnotho kunamadodana acasulayo. Ama-Gypsies - isisebenzi esincane esithembekile esinomlingiswa ozimele, i-Master ebhizinisini lakhe, nalokhu njengeqhawe likagogo wakhe. U-Alyosha uhlangana ne-gypsy futhi masinyane ngokuhlangana okuningi, kepha ngokushesha amaGypsies afa, abhekise isiphambano esikhulu esindayo, esikhuthazelele iqhawe noma umalume. Umalume walokhu kufa wawujabule ngokungajwayelekile.
Impilo Emndenini Kagogo, Endlini KaKashirini, Ukuhlangelela, Kusindayo futhi Uphuphe, Ngenxa Yalokho Iqhawe Kuzo Ukuhlukumeza Ukuhlaselwa Kwengcindezi, lapho u-Alyosha "ehlala egodini ... eyimpumputhe futhi umkhawulo. " Ukuziphatha nomoya weqhawe kusiza ukucabangisisa uNkulunkulu. Umuzwa wezenkolo kwakuwukuphela kwemizwa yokukhanya nokuthakazelisa empilweni yeqhawe, kuyilapho impilo yangempela enonya nodaka kujabula kuphela ku-alya aleach kanye nokuhlambalaza.
Njengoba iminyaka yobudala ka-Alyosha, umkhulu uyeke ngokuphelele ukwesaba futhi "alwe ezandleni." Umama unika iqhawe esikoleni, lapho afunda ukugqokwa, kepha avele aqhamuke abe yingozi yokuncishiswa ngenxa yokuziphatha kwe-hooligan. Naphezu kokungabi nandaba nokutadisha, iqhawe liyithanda le ncwadi. Ngolunye usuku, u-Alyoshen uthenga umama kamama u-Alessen, ofunda izindaba zika-Andersen, ezifunda ngentokozo. Kodwa-ke, umama ushaya iqhawe futhi athathe izincwadi.
Ekugcineni, umhlangano omuhle kaSanta usashukumisela uMalume, no-Alyosha nogogo wakhe nogogo wakhe baye ekhaya elisha. Endaweni entsha ngeqhawe, kuvela ama-Buddies amasha, phakathi kwawo - umfana okhubazekile uLenka. Abafana bakhipha endlini nge-trolley, eyakhelwe ngokukhethekile ngalokhu.
Umama, ngaleso sikhathi, washada ngokwesibili, futhi u-Alyosha uba ngumbuso wokuthi umthatheli ushaya kanjani imilenze yowesifazane. Kamuva, iqhawe, kanye nogogo wakhe, ama-juts ekhishini, ngenkathi umama enomyeni omusha ahlala emakamelweni amabili.
Impilo ka-Alyoshi nogogo bahlinzeka ngokozezimali, kepha izinto zihamba kabi. Ngemuva kwengxenye yomhlangano wokuwohloka kanye nokuwa kwebhange, ikhehla lincishwa imali. Umkhulu uthengisa okuhle, unqunywe iminyaka eminingi, kepha le mali ayitholakali empilweni. Ekugcineni, umkhulu u-Alyosha ugeleza abe yisidingo futhi uphenduke abe yisinxibi, esiphazanyiswa yizikhathi ezingahleliwe.
Ngemuva kokuba umkhulu esonakalisiwe, bobabili iqhawe uqobo, futhi ugogo kufanele afune umsebenzi ukuze asinde. Ekuseni, umfana onesikhwama udlula emagcekeni, aqoqa amaphepha, ama-rafs, izipikili namathambo enkomo, abese ethengisa iphepha lokungcola lenkomo, abese ethengisa amaphepha aqoqiwe kanye nama-rags nge-dummy. Lo "msebenzi wesikhashana" waletha incane, ngakho-ke u-Alyosha waqala ukweba izinkuni ezindaweni zokugcina amahlathi.
Iqhawe liba ngumfana wasemgwaqweni futhi liguqula abangane phakathi kwezinye izinhlaka ezinjalo. Impilo enjalo ifana kakhulu no-Alese kunokuphila emndenini. Emgwaqweni, leli qhawe lazizwa lizimele futhi lihlole uzwela ngabalingani abahlala befuna "ukwenza okuthile okuhle." Abafana bahlala ndawonye futhi abafungane. Emndenini, leli qhawe lizwa isizungu, ukunganeliseki, intukuthelo futhi libiza okwenzeka ekhaya "okungenangqondo okungaphili."
Njengoba usuqedile isigaba sesibili, iqhawe liphonsa isikole futhi libuyela empilweni yomgwaqo nasemsebenzini. Ngaleso sikhathi, umama ka-Aleshi washona ngenxa yabathengi, futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva komngcwabo, umkhulu waxosha iqhawe elivela endlini. Ngakho-ke u-Alyosha waya kubantu - waqala waphila ngokuzimela.
Umuntu obalulekile kuphela emndenini ka-Alyosha Peshkova waba ugogo - intokazi endala futhi engenakuphumula egama lingu-Akulin, eyaqhubeka nomngani omkhulu weqhawe empilweni yakhe yonke. Ngiseyingane, iqhawe lalibona intaba, kodwa ngezindlela eziningi ngenxa kagogo wakwazi ukugcina inhliziyo enhle.