I-Biograge
Imbongi yaseMelika Allen Ginzberg kanye nozakwabo ku-Teary Craft Craft Kerouak noWilliam BREROUZ bathathwa njengomsunguli wesizukulwane esibi. Imisebenzi yakhe ibonakala ngemizwa ye-anarchic, inkululeko yokucabanga, "inkululeko yezocansi". Amanani, abunjiwe enkondlweni yeGinzberg "CRATT", ngawo-1960 anikeze umfutho ekuthuthukiseni i-US CounterCoLtultultory.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Irwin Allen Ginzberg wazalwa ngoJuni 3, 1926 eNenark, New Jersey entsha. Uyise uLuis Ginzberg, umJuda, wafundisa ifilosofi futhi wabhala izinkondlo, umama kaNawomi uLivergeat wasebenza njengothisha wesikole. Kwakhuliswa izingane ezimbili emndenini - irwin nomfowabo odala ka-Eugene (1921 r.).
Umama wabafana abaphethwe yingqondo ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, okwabonakaliswa ngesimo se-paranoid Brad. Ngakho-ke, uNawomi waveza ukuthi ukuntshontshelwa izinsizakusebenza kufakwe endlini. Mhlawumbe, ukwesaba ukushushiswa kwezepolitiki kwaqala ngokulwa nemvelaphi yemihlangano ejwayelekile nezishoshovu ze-United States Commin Commin. Kusukela eneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, u-Irwin waya kubo nonina. Kamuva, izinkumbulo zakhe zazifakwe enkonzweni ethi "America" (1956).
Lapho uNawomi ezama ukuletha ukuhlukunyezwa ngokuphila, futhi wabekwa esibhedlela sezengqondo. "Ukuboshwa" komkakhe kwaba yisizathu sesehlukaniso. Ngo-1950, uLouis wathola uthando olusha kumuntu wabafundisi bezincwadi u-Edith Cohen, ahlala kuwo iminyaka engama-26 aze afe.
Isipiliyoni sokuxhumana nonina ongazinzile sesiphenduke umthombo wokuphefumulelwa ekubhaleni imisebenzi emibili eyinhloko: "CRELY" (1956) kanye ne- "Kaddish" (1961).
Ngo-1943, uGinzberg uthweswe iziqu e-East School wangena e-University of Columbia e-Wext Faculty of Law. Ngonyaka wokuqala, u-Allen wahlangana nomfundi weziqu, umlobi wesikhathi esizayo uLucien Karra, owethula eKeruac kanye nogogo. Intsha yahlangana ngoba ngamunye wabo wayekhathazekile ngekusasa lentsha yaseMelika.
Ukudala
U-Allen Ginzberg kungenzeka ukuthi wawuzuzwa njengefa kuMama i-psyche engazinzile, eyaholela esiqeshini esingajwayelekile, kodwa esiyisiqalo esiyisiqalo esisezingeni eliphansi, kodwa esiyisihluthulelo e-biography yembongi. Ngesinye isikhathi, kufundwa izinkondlo zika-Lommeli, uWilliam Bleake endlini yakhe, insizwa ethile yezwa izwi layo. Ekuqaleni, uGinzberg wathi uNkulunkulu wakhuluma naye, wabe eseziqhenya. Ukuzwa i-hallucination kuphelezelwa imbongi izinsuku eziningana. UGinzberg wamemukela ukuze enzelwa ukuba yizwi lesizukulwane esisha futhi waqala ukuqamba lenkondlo "Crrat" - umsebenzi wakhe omuhle kakhulu.
Ukubhala i-Psychedelic, kepha kuhle kakhulu ngebhithi-isizukulwane incwadi kwasiza ukuncika kwe-narcotic kwe-ginzberg - ngosizo lwezinto ezinqatshelwe, imbongi izame ukubuyisa izwi likaBlake. Ngo-1949, impilo ye-asocial yaholela ekuboshweni kokweba kwemoto. Isivumelwano sejele saphendukela e-Ginzberg ephoqelele ukwelashwa okuphoqelele emtholampilo wezengqondo, lapho ahlangana khona noCarl Solomon - owesilisa onikezelwe e "Cry."
"Ukubhala" kunezingxenye ezi-3. E-ginzberg yokuqala, amakheli, izifebe, ubungqingili kanye nokungajwayelekile kwengqondo. Lababantu, ababebhekwa njengemfucumfucu yomphakathi, ngawo-1950 no-1960s, bakha isizukulwane esincane, bafuna ukukhulula umphakathi. UGinzberg ubabiza ngosanta, uchaza ngokuningiliziwe ulwazi lwabo lwezocansi nangokobulili, oluzoba yisizathu sokuvimba inkondlo.
Indlela esemqoka yengxenye yesi-2 yi-molor - unkulunkulu, owayephase izingane. E- "Cry" Moloch yiNhlangano yeMpi Yomshoshaphansi, ehlakazwa yisizukulwane esincane saseGinzberg. Imbongi igxeka abantu baseMelika yokomela imali nodlame, ngasikhathi sinye beshumayela inkululeko yokukhuluma, imicabango nothando lwama-hipsters.
Ingxenye yokugcina iyingoma yaseKarl Solomon, "umphefumulo wayo awufi, futhi akufanele afe engcupheni yengqondo yombuso oqinisiwe." Evesini, uGinzberg utshela ingane ngomngane wakhe, owayenenkinga yokudangala emtholampilo futhi wayefuna ukuzibulala, kepha hhayi ngendlela ejwayelekile. Ngesinye isikhathi, uSolomoni weza emtholampilo wezengqondo wamcela ukuba amenze lobotomy - ikusasa, eliqondakala ngunina kaGinzberg. Ama-Sanitars anqabile, anikele esikhundleni senqwaba yezinhlobo zokwelashwa ekwelashweni ngokushaqeka kukagesi ngaphambi kokuboshwa ngegumbi "buthule".
Ngokokuqala ngqa, uGuinzberg wethule "ukukhala" kuma-comrade ngo-1955 ekufundeni egalari eyisithupha eSan Francisco. Lolo suku lwabonakala emsebenzini kaJack Keroaca "Dharma Tramp". Ngokwenganekwane yobuciko be-hipster, izilaleli zihambisa ukufundwa kokudakwa kukaGinzberg ngokukhanga okuvuselelayo, futhi kusukela esiteji kukhishwe ngaphansi komhlobiso omkhulu. Izinyanga eziyi-6 ngemuva kwale micimbi, u-Allen washiya izingcaphuno ezikhukhumezayo kwidayari - "Ngiyimbongi enkulu kunazo zonke yaseMelika," futhi kamuva, "makabe uJack Keruac ukuba mkhulu kunabo bonke."
Ngo-1957, izinyanga eziyisithupha ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwencwadi ethi "Scream", kwathathwa amakhophi angama-520 atholakala endlini yokuphrinta eLondon. Ngasikhathi sinye, umsolwa waboshwa eSan Francisco, owathengisa inkondlo emaphoyiseni, kanye nomqondisi wendlu yokushicilela yezibani zedolobha likaLawrence FerliningTTI. Bahlulelwe ukusatshalaliswa kwenkondlo "eyichilo".
Icala elibuyiselwe incwadi enkulu kunazo zonke yesizukulwane esiyisizukulwane esisezingeni lemisebenzi yezemibhalo, lalela phansi ifilimu ethi "Crrat" (2010). Iqhaza lika-Allen Ginzberg lenze uJames Franco.
Masinyane ngemuva komphumela ophumelelayo wecala, uGinzberg wathuthela eParis. Eduze kwembongi kwakunguLover Peter Orlovski, ama-hipsters Gregory Corso, uWilliam Burrow nabanye. Ngalesi sikhathi esikhiqizayo, uGuinzberg waqala ukubhala le nkondlo e-Epic "Kaddish", i-Corso yaqamba "ibhomu" kanye "nomshado", umngcele wajoyina izindinyana ezibhalwe phansi.
Ukuphefumlelwa okuyinhloko kwe-Ginzberg bekulokhu kungumqondo "we-prosose deplose" uJack Keroca, othi izincwadi kufanele ziqhubeke ngokusuka enhliziyweni, ngaphandle kwemikhawulo eyazi. Izinkondlo zaseMelika ziyi-alloy yesimanjemanje, ezothando, izingoma ze-jazz kanye nobuBuddha. Isici sokugcina sibonwa ikakhulukazi kumaqoqo "amadayari ase-Indian diary" kanye ne- "Chinese umdwebo" (1970), ebhalwe ngaphansi kohambo lokuya e-India ngo-1962-1963.
Umsebenzi wakamuva we-bibliography of Ginzberg, eshicilelwe ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, kwakuyinkondlo "I-Iron Horse" (1973), echaza ukuziphatha kwabantu esitimeleni.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
U-Allen Ginzberg wabona ukuma kwezocansi okungajwayelekile ebusheni bakhe. UGregory Corso waba yintshisekelo yothando lokuqala - imbongi nomculi, omunye wabamele abasemqoka wesizukulwane esincane. UCorso, owayehleli ejele ngenxa yokuphanga iminyaka emi-3, wayeqonda ubungqingili, kodwa yena uqobo 'wayengowemvelo', ngakho-ke ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu abasha akazange. UCorso noGinzberg bahlala abangane iminyaka eminingi.Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoNgo-1954, eSan Francisco Ginzberg wahlangana noPeter Orlovski, imbongi. Ngobusuku bokuqala obuhlangene, amadoda afungana othandweni lwaphakade, olungacabangi ngokwethembeka - ngokuvamile kwashintsha abalingani. U-Orlovski akazange ancenge ukuthi achithe isikhathi nabesifazane uGinzberg ehamba. Naphezu 'kwenkululeko yezocansi ", izimbongi zazihlala ndawonye iminyaka engama-43, kuze kube sekufeni kwa-Allen ngo-1997.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoUGinzberg wayethandana noLucien Carr, umqhubisela wakhe ezweni lezincwadi. Efilimu ethi "Bulala Abathandekayo Bakho" (2013) baphinde babonise ukwanga kwezimbongi ezenziwa nguDaniel Radcliffe noDina Dekhana. Empilweni, ubudlelwane babantu kuze kube manje beza: Carrtle ngokukhulumela ekukhulumisaneni nobungqingili ngemuva konyaka we-1944 wabulala umuntu owayecasulayo uDavid Kemmeror.
Empilweni yomuntu siqu yaseGinzberg kwakukhona abesifazane. Ngisho nangaphambi kokwazana no-Orlovski, wahlangana no-Eliz Cohen, izinkondlo - i-Hipste. Ngibonga kuye, uGinzberg wahlangana nomlobi uCarl Solomon.
Ukushona
Ngo-1960, uGinzberg waphathwa yisifo esishisayo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi udokotela wasebenzisa inaliti engavinjelwe, futhi imbongi yatheleleka nge-hepatitis. Ukungavikeleki kwakhe kwaphakade. Wanda ngesimo sezempilo ukubhema nokuncika kwe-narcotic. U-Allen wawuzanywa kaninginingi ukuyeka imikhuba elimazayo, kodwa ukucindezela kuphoqelelwa futhi ukuthi athathe ugwayi nezinto ezenqatshelwe.
Ngawo-1970, uGinzberg wahlushwa imivimbo emincane emibili, eyaholela ekukhubazekeni kokukhubazeka kukaBella - ezithombeni zakamuva zizobonakala ngakolunye uhlangothi lwemisipha yemisipha yobuso "ezwayo.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoNgo-1997, u-Allen Ginzberg esikhathini esilandelayo nangesikhathi sokugcina wabuya esibhedlela, lapho ayengaphumeleli khona ngokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Izinsuku, imbongi yaphendukela kubangane, yathi sawubona. Ezinye izingxoxo zocingo, kufaka phakathi umlingisi uJohnny Depp, zazidabukile futhi ziphazanyiswa izinyembezi, namanye ama-comrade, uGinzberg ahlekise ngabomvu.
UGinzberg ushone ngo-Ephreli 5, 1997 uzungezwe umndeni nabangane. Imbangela yokufa ingumdlavuza wesibindi, owambulela i-hepatitis. Umzimba ushiswa, futhi izinsalela zahlukaniswa zaba izingxenye ezilinganayo. Ingxenye yesithathu yomlotha yakhuphuka phezu kwesakhiwo somndeni eNewark, phakathi kwamathuna kababa nangomdabu. Ingxenye yesibili yomlotha kwakufanele ilale eduze noPeter Orlovski ngemuva kokushona kwakhe, okwenzeka ngo-2010. Okwesithathu okusele kungcwatshwe eNdiya.
Amacaphuna
"Ngicabanga, nangesikhathi nangesikhathi, abantu bazokhumbula abaningi, imigqa eminingi kaBob Dilan, okunye ukuqina kukaJohn Lennon. Kepha cishe zonke izinkondlo zezemfundo zizolibaleka. "" Safunga komunye nomunye ukuthi angabangezelela, ingqondo yami nakho konke engabangazi, nomzimba wami, nakho konke akwaziyo; Futhi ukuze sizinikele komunye nomunye ukuze sikwazi ukuba nomngane onjengempahla, futhi senze konke okwakufuna, ngokobulili noma ngokwengqondo, nangokwengqondo, nangomqondo wokuqonda "x" imiphefumulo yethu kuhlanganisiwe ... "." Ngijabule ngalokho engikuphefumulayo. "I-Bibliography
- 1956 - "I-Crat"
- Ngo-1961 - "Kaddish"
- Ngo-1961 - "Isibuko Esingenalutho: Izinkondlo Zasekuqaleni"
- 1963 - "Ama-sandwich angokoqobo"
- Ngo-1968 - "Izindaba Planet"
- 1970 - "Diaries of India"
- 1972 - "Isango le-GNETA: Izinkondlo 1948-1951"
- Ngo-1973 - "Ukugeleza kweMelika: amavesi alezi zifundazwe"
- 1973 - "I-Iron Horse"
- 1978 - "Ukuphefumula Kwengqondo"
- 1981 - "Plutonic Oya: Izinkondlo 1977-1980"
- 1986 - "Izinkondlo ze-White Drowby: 1980-1985"
- 1994 - "I-Cosmopolitan Siyakwamukela Izinkondlo: 1986-1993
- 1996 - "Amavesi akhanyayo"
- 1999 - "Ukufa Nenkazimulo: Amavesi 1993-1997