I-Biograge
Igama le-American Schooligirl Samantha Smith ngonyaka we-1980 yezwakala kuzo zonke izakhamizi ze-USSR ne-United States mayelana nencwadi edumile eyabhalwa ngesikhathi sempi ebandayo iye eKomidi elibandayo le-CPSU Yury Andropov.Ukuvakashelwa kwentombazane eyalandela edolobheni laseSoviet Union kwaheha abezindaba abagcwele kangaka futhi kwasebenza njengokuqala kwemisebenzi yayo njengomenzi omncane kakhulu kanye nenxusa lika-Ambarmid, obefuna izimpendulo zemibuzo ephathelene nokuphepha kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwabantu be amandla aphambili emhlabeni.
Ngo-2016, uMqondisi waseRussia u-Andrei Sobolev wahlanganisa umlando wentombazane yaseMelika efilimithini lobuciko "Pravda Samantha Smith", kanti izindima eziyinhloko zidlalwa nguDaniel Strakhov, u-Alina Babak noNana Gomez.
Ubuntwana
I-biography yentombazane yaseMelika uSamantha Reid Smith yaqala ngoJuni 29, 1972 edolobheni elincane laseHowleton, elisemngceleni we-United States naseCanada. Ngemuva kokuba yingane kuphela u-Arthur noJane Smith, eneminyaka engu-5 ubudala, wakuqonda kahle uhlelo lolimi futhi wazwakalisa ukuthandwa yindlovukazi yeGreater Britain Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizabeth Elizi.
Eminyakeni yesikole, umndeni wakwaSamantha wathuthela eManchester, ogwini lwaseLake Cobbossikti, lapho uYise, ayekade asebenze njengomfundisi, ethola isikhundla sothisha wezincwadi ezinkulu zomphakathi zase-Maine. Umama wasebenza emhlanganweni omkhulu wezenhlalo wedolobha nayo yonke isikhathi sakhe samahhala esizinikele ekukhulisweni kwendodakazi, eyaba ngumfundi wezikole zamabanga aphansi ezikoleni zasendaweni ngo-1980.
Ukuba yintombazane ejwayelekile evela eMelika, uSamantha wayethanda ezemidlalo futhi wayeyilungu leqembu laseJunior ku-softball ne-hockey otshanini. Ilanga elivela emvelweni, indodakazi kaSmith icishe yayingenabo abangane futhi ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula yangena kubagibeli bawo, idlalwe epiyano yafunda. Izincwadi zakha umlingiswa wesikole futhi zakhuphula imibuzo eminingi ekhanda lakhe, lapho abazali bengakwazi ukunikeza impendulo ephelele.
Kwakunjalo ngale ndlela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1980, lapho ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-USSR ne-United States of America bebesezingeni eliphakeme lokungezwani ngenxa yempi e-Afghanistan kanye nokuhanjiswa kwemicibisholo enamaphiko e-Europe. Kulesi simo sezulu, umagazini isikhathi ushicilele izinto zokwakha eziphathelene nengcindezi evela kumholi omusha waseSoviet futhi wabeka ukuthwebula izithombe embozweni.
U-Samantha oyisifiso wabheka le ncwadi futhi wamangala uma unobhala jikelele we-USSR ngempela ufuna ukucekela phansi umhlaba ngezimpi zempi yenuzi. Umama akakwazanga ukucabanga ngalutho ephendula futhi eluleke indodakazi ukuba ibhale incwadi eya ku-Yuri Andropov futhi ixazulule izinhloso zombusi. NgoNovemba 1982, umyalezo ophawuleka, ogcwele ukukhathazeka ebuntwaneni ngokuphepha kwabantu emhlabeni wonke, kwathunyelwa eKremlin. Kufundeka:
"Mnumzane othandekayo u-Andropov,Igama lami ngu-SAMANTHA SMITH. Ngineminyaka eyishumi. Siyakuhalalisela ngomsebenzi wakho omusha. Ngikhathazeke kakhulu, ukuthi impi yenuzi izoqala phakathi kweRussia nase-United States. Ngabe uzovotela isiqalo sempi noma cha? Uma uphikisana nempi, ngicela ungitshele, uzosiza kanjani ukuvikela impi? Vele, awuphoqelekile ukuphendula umbuzo wami, kodwa ngithanda ukwazi ukuthi kungani ufuna ukunqoba umhlaba wonke noma okungenani izwe lethu. UNkulunkulu wadala umhlaba ukuze siphile ndawonye futhi samnakekela, futhi akamnqobanga. Ngiyacela ake senze indlela afuna ngayo, futhi wonke umuntu uzojabula. "
Le ncwadi yafika kulowo owayesengeziwe futhi entwasahlobo yango-1983 yanyatheliswa kudayari "kuyiqiniso", kwathi emasontweni ambalwa kamuva, impendulo ka-Andropov yathunyelwa mathupha ku-American Schoollirl.
Umholi waseSoviet wazama ukuchaza ngokungathi sína futhi ngokweqiniso wachaza isikhundla sikaSamantha we-USSR ngokumelene nezikhali zenuzi futhi afunge ngokuqinile, okungazukufaka kuqala ngokumelene neMelika noma elinye izwe.
"Sifuna umhlaba - sinokuthile esingakwenza: sikhule isinkwa, sakha futhi sisungule, sibhale izincwadi bese sindiza siye emkhathini. Sifuna ukuthula kuwe nakubo bonke abantu beplanethi. No-Andropov wabhala u-Andropov owayephethe incwadi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uNobhala Jikelele weKomidi eliKhuzi eliKhuzi elimeme uMndeni uSmith ukuthi avakashele iSoviet Union ehlobo lika-1983 futhi mathupha ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthola ubudlelwano nabantu bezinye izifundazwe .
Uhambo oluya e-USSR
I-Travel Route Samantha Smith emadolobheni aseSoviet Union yaqala ukuhlela izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwemvume esemthethweni yomndeni wesikole saseMelika. EMoscow, ibandla elincane lafika ngoJulayi 7, 1983. Intombazane eyathola isimo senxusa elincane lokuthakazelelwa, yahlangana nezixuku zabantu abathintekayo ngokulungiswa okunokuthula kwempi ebandayo kanye nokuphothulwa komjaho wezikhali zenuzi.Ekuqaleni, uSamantha wahlola izinto zenhloko-dolobha, ezazihlanganisa neKremlin, ithuna lesosha elingaziwa, iMausoleum of Lenin namahholo aseSoviet LaseSoviet LasePurimume Soviet. Ngijwayelana nomlando wabantu baseSoviet, le ntombazane yahlonipha inkumbulo yeCosmonaut Yuri Gagarin yokuqala, yabe isihambela ekamu le-All-Union "Artek".
Izingane ngentshiseko zamukele umqondisi wakwelinye izwe ezadunyiswa ukugqoka ifomu lamaphayona, futhi ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngokuhlanganyela kukhombisa izindawo ezithakazelisa kakhulu zogu lomnyama lolwandle. USamantha wathola abangane abasha, phakathi kwabo kwakuyi-Leningrad Schoollirl Natasha Kashirina namanye amantombazane avela emadolobheni ahlukene eSoviet Union.
Ekupheleni kohambo lwamasonto amabili kuya e-USSR, umndeni wakwaSmith wahlangana nezindawo zeCustom zeNorth Capital kanye ne-Diaries kaTanya Savicheva efunde ngezehlakalo zobunzima zedolobha ngo-1941-1944. Ifa lokudala labantu baseRussia, elethulwa ekudlaleni ngokusekelwe ezinganekwaneni esiseLeningrad Palaceers kanye nezingane zesikole kanye ne-Ballet Theatre naseBlatset, akushiywa.
UThandentha akazange akwazi ukubhekana nonobhala jikelele kweKomidi eliKhusi eliKhusi eliKhusi eliKhusi eCPSU Yuri, kodwa wahlangana neqhawe laseSoviet Union - Owesifazane waseCosmonaut uValentina Tereshkova.
Ngaphambi kokusuka ekhaya, intombazane yaseMelika yathola inani elikhulu lezipho nezinhlamvu ezikhumbulekayo. Isikole sakwa-Schoolirl esinobungane sasilindele i-Schoolirl yesikole esinobungane ngesandla sokholo futhi sathakazelisa ibinzana eliqinisekisa impilo:
"Uzophila".Umsebenzi Wezenhlalo
IMelika yahlangana noSamantha njenge-heroine kazwelonke. Esikhumulweni sezindiza sase-State Airport seWilly, ukhaphethi obomvu, i-limousine nesixuku sabalandeli abashisekayo abanezimbali. Ngokuqwayiza kwamehlo, le ntombazane yaba usaziwayo omenyiwe ngeqhaza ochungechungeni lwe-TV olwaziwa ngokuthi "uCharles Street" kanye "noSamantha ephendula", kwathi eShele yomkhankaso kamongameli we-1984, uSamantha waxoxisana noGeorge McGoven ukhetho futhi UJesse Jackson.
Ekupheleni kuka-1983, umndeni wakwaSmith wavakashela uchungechunge lwezingane zamazwe omhlaba edolobheni laseJapan eKobe futhi wayekhona emhlanganweni onondunankulu waseYasuhiro Ekasanoe.
Ekhuluma phambi kwezilaleli, uSamantha wabelana ngemizwa yakhe ohambweni owedlule futhi wanikela abaholi bamandla enuzi kanye ngonyaka ukushintshanisa abazukulu. Le ntombazane yathi kungaqinisa ukulondeka komhlaba futhi kuzosiza ukusungula othintana phakathi kohulumeni nabantu bezizwe ezazinezikhali ezibulalayo zamandla amangalisayo.
Le micabango kanye neminye imicabango yesikole ifakwe encwadini ethi "Uhambo oluya eSoviet Union" elihunyushelwe ezilimini eziningi zomhlaba. Amaphrojekthi we-copyright kaSamantha kamuva aphefumulele izithunywa eziningi zomhlaba zabantu abaxhumana nabo zomhlaba wonke futhi anikeze umhlangano kaMongameli uRonald Reagan ne-Soviet lycheva ye-Katya lycheva.
Ukushona
Impilo kaSamantha Smith yayimfushane kakhulu ngokuvalelwa kwezinhlelo ezifinyelela kude yokwakha ukuthula kulo lonke iplanethi. Ngo-Agasti 25, 1985, le ntombazane yashona engozini yendiza yaseMelika bechraft 99, yashaya izihlahla lapho kufika esikhumulweni sezindiza sase-Auburn-Lewiston.Izimbangela zokufa kwenxusa elincane kunazo zonke zizohlala ziyimfihlakalo, kodwa, ngombono wabanye abacwaningi bezinye izizwe, ukuwa kuhlotshaniswa nokungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kweziphathimandla zaseSoviet.
Kodwa-ke, izazi-mlando eziningi zinamathela kwinguqulo esemthethweni yokufa kukaSamantha futhi sihambisane nobaba wakhe, ngakho umshayeli akazange abhekane nabaphathi nasezimweni ezibonakalayo ezingezinhle ziphuthelwe i-runway.
Umhlaba wawukhumbula njalo ukumamatheka kwentombazane enesibindi nengashonile eyanqoba izigidi zezinhliziyo ezinganaki. Abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwenkulungwane abalilela ukulahlekelwa yi-heroine encane, ababenophawu lokulondeka komhlaba kanye nokuxazulula ubudlelwano phakathi kohulumeni base-USSR nase-United States, babehanjelwe emngcwabeni.
Ukukhumbula
- Ngo-1985, ngowokuqala kukamama kamama weMelika Ofile, isisekelo sikaSamantha Smith, esasigasele ukuhlela ukuhambela amazwe aphakathi kweSoviet Union kanye ne-United States.
- Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, isikhungo sokuba yizinhlangano zezinhlangano zezingane sadalwa eMoscow, kuze kube manje umsebenzi wokusebenza wezinhlangano zentsha kanye namahhovisi abamele kulo lonke elaseRussia.
- Endaweni yokufa kwe-American Schooligirl ngo-1986, kwasungulwa isikhumbuzo sikaGlenn Heinza, okuyisithombe esigcwele uSamantha, owabeka uphawu lomhlaba - ijuba, negama elithi Izithombe zosizo zesishoshovu esincane zaba amagugu amasiko emizi ehlukene yaseRussia.