I-Biograge
Ngenxa yomsebenzi womqoqi omkhulu wezinganekwane, izinganekwane, izinganekwane kanye nezinganekwane alexander afanasyev, izingane zivela ebuntwaneni zijwayelene nemisebenzi emihle efundisayo ngokuthi "i-kolobok", "i-kolobok" kanye ne-vasilisa I-Tsarevna ". Ifa elibaluleke ngempela elishiywe ngemuva kwethalente nososayensi.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Afanasyev Alexander Nikolaevich wavela ngoJulayi 23, 1826 edolobhaneni elincane laseBoguchar, eliseningizimu yesifundazwe saseVoronezh. Uyise, owayechitha isibhulo esintwini, wazama ukunika izingane zakhe imfundo esezingeni eliphezulu futhi wafaka uthando ngolwazi. Umkakhe wahamba ekuseni.
Lapho umkhulu kaLittle Sasha wafa, wathuthela efeni, elalisedolobheni elingumakhelwane laseBobrov. Endlini entsha kwaba nomtapo wezincwadi omkhulu, owayethandwa yi-Foelkloride yesikhathi esizayo. Wayemnandi ukufunda izincwadi zomlando - kusukela esemncane e-Afanasyev, intshisekelo yesiko nomlando ivuswe.
Eminyakeni ye-11, uSasha wangena eVoronezh Gymnasium, lapho afundela khona eminyakeni yakhe. Othisha besikhungo sezemfundo basebenzise indlela yemfundo enobudlova - ukulimala komzimba kwafakwa kubafundi, amandla aphoqelela izifundo ukuthi zijoyine.
Naphezu komoya we-gulling osezingeni elifanele eqenjini, i-Afanasyev ikwazile ukuqeda imfundo futhi ingalahlekelwa izifiso zayo zokungazi. Ngemuva kokuthola isitifiketi, lo mfo wathuthela eMoscow.
Enhloko-dolobha, le nsizwa yadlula ngempumelelo izivivinyo zokungena eMoscow University, iba ngumfundi wobuchwepheshe bomthetho. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayekhanga kakhulu izincwadi, ama-ethnos nomlando, u-Alexander wafunda yonke iminyaka emi-4 futhi wathola ukhetho oluthile. Othisha bakhe babeyisazi-mlando uCalitin Konstantin Dmitrievch, umgxeki wobhala weShevyrev Stevyrev Steven Petrovich neFilologist BOGnossky Osip Maksimovich.
Inkambo
Ngesikhathi somfundi, i-Afanasyev yaqala imisebenzi yobuntatheli, ibhala futhi yabeka isihloko sayo sokuqala kumagazini "ophindwe" ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Umnotho Wezwe Ngaphansi kukaPeter Great", wabhalwa ngo-1847. EVission Belinsky, izici zesayensi zokushicilelwa zenze umbono othile, ngakho-ke umgxeki obhalwe phansi wavuma ukukhishwa komlobi we-novice.Ku-Alexander, uprofesa omuhle kakhulu angahle aqhamuke, kepha elinye icala lavimbela ukwakhiwa kwesango lakhe le-Career Scientist. Ngesikhathi sezifundo zakhe ngo-1848, ukubala uVarov ufike eMoscow University, onguNgqongqoshe Wezemfundo. Injongo yayo kwakuwukuhlola isimo somphakathi sabasebenzi bokufundisa ngenxa yemicimbi eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ukusebenzisa inhloso yako, indoda ethile yaya ezinkulumweni, abanye babo bafunda abafundi, futhi i-Afanasyev ayizange iphume.
Indaba yensizwa ephathelene nethonya leziphathimandla ezizimisayo emthethweni wobulelesi ngekhulu le-16 nele-17 zazingathandi ukunambitha ukubalwa kwe-Uvarov. Kodwa-ke, u-Alexander, esikhundleni sokuvumelana ngokuthula umbono odumile, waqala ukuvikela okwakhe. Lesi simo siye sathonya impilo eyengeziwe yomfundi: Ngemuva kokuphothula eyunivesithi, akakwazanga ukuthola izikhungo zemfundo yezimo ezifundazweni, ngenxa yalokho lo ngcweti osemusha okwakudingeka aqale ukusebenza esikoleni esizimele.
Ngonyaka owedlule u-Avanasyev, eseqede ukusekelwa kukaKalachev, waba yisisebenzi songoma-Arbive omkhulu otholakala kwiNkonzo Yezanganyelwa Kwezinye izizwe. Kule ndawo, le ndoda yasebenza iminyaka engu-13, kancane kancane yakhuphuka ileli lezokwelapha. Ekuqaleni, kwaphawulwa ngaphambi kwesihloko seNhloko yoMnyango, futhi kamuva - ekubuseni kweKhomishini Yezindaba ku-Archive, kubhekwe ukunyathelisa kwamadiploma nezivumelwano.
Umsebenzi endaweni yokugcina imilando wenzela usosayensi, wakwazi ukuveza ngobuhlakani. Le minyaka yayithela ngo-Alexander, ngaleso sikhathi waqamba ingxenye enkulu yemisebenzi yakhe eminingi. Izindatshana zomlobi zishicilelwe kumaphephabhuku namaqoqo esayensi akhethekile. Kodwa-ke, iningi lomsebenzi wakhe lithinte "isenzo esibulalayo sokucwaninga," njengoba u-Avanasyev athi.
Kuma-50s, umbhali wanaka kakhulu umlando wezincwadi zezwe. Waqamba futhi aphawule ngemisebenzi yaseRussia yekhulu le-19, nezindatshana ezikhuluma nge-satir yekhulu le-18. Eminyakeni engu-2 (1859-1860), le ndoda yabamba isikhundla se-bibliopograph futhi yashicilelwa ngokufana kumagazini abizwa nge- "Bibliographic Acts".
Imilando nezindaba nezinganekwane zabantu
I-biography ye-Afanasyev igcwele amaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene, kepha icubungule umbuthano wenganekwane yeSlavic, izinganekwane, izinganekwane zezingane nezinganekwane, ezihlangana ngamaqoqo athile. Uma imisebenzi yesayensi ka-Alexander Nikolayevich yagcina ilahlekelwe okungenani inani elithile, amaqoqo wemisebenzi ngobuhlakani baseRussia ukuqhosha kwesizwe kuze kube namuhla.
U-Alexander Afanasyev wasebenzisa indlela efanayo nalabo bantu abakwaFolklorists - kwakhiwe izinganekwane ezinganekwaneni zakudala. Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa kwazo yizinto ezinesihloko esithi "Vouner kanye nomthakathi", "umkhulu-indlu", kamuva eyaba yingxenye yomthamo wezemivukelo emithathu enesihloko esithi "ukubukwa kwezinkondlo kwama-slavs ngokwemvelo." Ngo-1951, waqala ukulungiselela iqoqo lezinganekwane ezinhle kakhulu zokuphuma. Iminyaka emi-3, i-bibliography yamadoda yagcwaliswa ngamaqoqo ayi-8 anesihloko esithi "Izinganekwane ZaseRussia Folk Fairy".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu ye-Alexander Nikoleyevich ayiyona isizinda somphakathi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi wawuphila umsebenzi wakhe, nokuthi wayenomndeni, akucaci. Eminyakeni yo-1860s yokuqala, umqoqi we-Folklore waya phesheya wahambela amazwe anjalo aseYurophu njengeJalimane, e-Italy, eFrance. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, usosayensi waphucwa ithuba lokuqhubeka nokusebenza kungobo yomlando futhi ubambe isikhundla ezinkonzweni zomphakathi ngenxa yomhlangano wamadoda anomfuduki we-Celsieed kanye nosesho olwenziwe endlini yakhe.
Lo mcimbi wethule ukulingana kwezezimali kososayensi, akakwazanga ukuthola isikhathi se-banal isikhashana eside. U-Afanasyev waphoqeleka ukuthi athengise umtapo wakhe omnandi, lapho anxusa khona ukuphefumlelwa. Ngenxa yobunzima, impilo yendoda iye yabi kakhulu, ekugcineni, wagula ngesifo sofuba.
Ukushona
Ngaphambi kokuba afe, u-Alexander Afanasyev, wakhipha iqoqo elikhethekile lezinganekwane ezithi "Izinganekwane Zezingane ZaseRussia", ezihloselwe ukufundwa kwasekhaya. Ukushicilelwa kwale ncwadi kungumzuzu wokugcina, kwajabulisa ngempela le ndoda. Ngo-Okthoba 23, 1871, eneminyaka engama-45 ubudala, kwafa kwaFolklorist. Imbangela yokufa yaba yi-char. Ukufa kwakhe kwakungenziwanga kwabezindaba. Umzimba we-Afanasyev uphumule emathuneni asePyatnitsky eMoscow, isithombe sososayensi onekhono sitholakala ethuneni.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1851 - "Venun kanye nomthakathi"
- Ngo-1852 - "Izithixo zeSlavs"
- Ngo-1864 - "ILabhulali Yokufunda"
- Ngo-1865 - "Amanothi Ezopili"
- Ngo-1865 - "Inganekwane nenganekwane"
- 1871 - "Izinganekwane Zezingane ZaseRussia"