I-Biograge
Emlandweni wezwe, indlovukazi yokuqala yaseSpain Isabella Castilskaya ishiye umkhondo njengombusi othosiwe, ovelile nonzima. Wabusa izwe eliseStandem nomkakhe uFerdinand Aragon, ngakho-ke le nkathi yaqanjwa ngokuthi iBhodi lamaKhosi. Lesi sikhathi siphawulwa ngezinguquko eziningi nezinto ezintsha ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.
Okokuqala, abashadikazi bahlangene neSpain, benza umshado we-Dynastic. Ukuba ngumKatolika oshisekayo, u-Isabella waqinisa umbono weSpain ukuze aqinise ubumsulwa bokholo lwamaKatolika, ushayela izinkulungwane zabantu abaphakathi ezweni. Indlovukazi yokuvelela ibusiswe ekusakazweni kukaChristopher Columbus emhlabeni jikelele, futhi ukuvulwa kwezwekazi laseMelika kwakuyisiqalo sekoloni elisha nokuguqula iSpain kube yiminyaka enamandla kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu le-XVI.
Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Isabella I Castilskaya wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 22, 1451. Ubaba - Juan II, INkosi yaseCastile, umama wami u-Isabella Portuguese waqhamuka ebukhosini base-Aviani, ababemi esihlalweni sobukhosi sasePortugal kusukela kukhulu lePutukezi lisuka kwikhulu le-XIV. Wayeneminyaka engu-19 ubudala lapho inkosi engumfelokazi eneminyaka engu-42 yathatha umkakhe.
Ukuzalwa kuka-Isabella kwahlehlisa impilo yenhliziyo. Ngibona ukucindezelwa kwangemva kokubeletha, wamemeza futhi wakhala. Ngo-1453, indlovukazi yabeletha uHuan II indodana ka-Alfonso. Kepha inkosi yayingenaso isikhathi sokujabula ngokubonakala kwendlalifa yabadala, ngaleso sikhathi wayesevele egqoke impilo yathi ngemuva kwalokho washona.
Ukufa komlingani kwanyamalala u-Isabella Portuguese waya esifundazweni saseBlack Melancholy. Ukuphela kwendodana kaJuani II yeza esihlalweni sobukhosi saseCastilia kusuka emshadweni wokuqala u-Enrique IV waphetha umama wokutholwa nezingane - Isabella no-Alfonso - ArrowareAl Castle.
Ubuntwana beNdlovukazi yesikhathi esizayo kwaqhutshelwa phambilini lapha. Wathola ukukhuliswa kanye nemfundo ebekwe kuwo wonke amantombazane aleso sikhathi. Umuntu osemusha wafundisa idiploma eyisisekelo, umsebenzi ophethe kahle, ukuhambisana nemicikilisho yenkolo. Intombazane ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ethandwa ukuthola amaphuzu ekhoneni elimnyama lomtapo wezincwadi futhi ufunde izincwadi emibhalweni yokuphila yabantu abakhulu.
Eminyakeni eyi-10 wayeka ukusondela. Wakhe no-Alfonso bakhuluma ngokudangala okuhluphekayo kukamama futhi baletha u-Enrique enkantolo. Isixazululo esinjalo sachazwa isizinda sezepolitiki. Inkosi u-Enrique, naphezu komshado wesibili, namanje ahlala engenamntwana, abantu babenezelelekile amandla. Kuliqiniso, oshade naye wesibili uJuan Portuguese wabeletha indodakazi kaHuan, kodwa ngenxa yokuxhunywa kwendlovukazi ne-Aristocrat yaseBeltera de la Cueva, le ntombazane yathathwa njengenlure, ebiza uJuan Beltrane.
Ukungabikho kwendlalifa eqondile, eyayingakungabaza, kwaphoqa inkosi hhayi ngaphandle kokusiza ukuqinisekisa indlalifa kumfowethu omncane kuYise Alfonso. U-Enrique wahlela ukumshada nendodakazi yakhe uJuan, kepha u-Alfonso ufelwa ngobuhlungu eminyakeni eyi-14. Ukuphela kwenzalo kaJuan II osalokhu endodakazi u-Isabella.
Ukhula ngokuhlonipha uNkulunkulu futhi avale, afunde okuningi, achitha isikhathi emithandazweni namaphupho empilweni yomuntu siqu eseceleni. I-Fringring yezepolitiki enhle ayimkhathazi, futhi u-Isabella uyenqaba ukwethula amalungelo esihlalweni sobukhosi.
Kuye kwenza u-Enrique IV uqobo. Ngo-1468, lapho u-Isabelle eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, wamemezela ubuntu bakhe bendlalitho lesihlalo sobukhosi sikaCastile, kwamisa inkosazana yenkosazana. Ukuthathwa komfowabo osekhulile wendlovukazi yesikhathi esizayo kwakusho ukuthi kufanele avumelane nomshado waKhe. U-Isabella naye wajabha futhi, wenqatshwa abazongenela ukhetho olunikezwa yi-Enrique, ngasese uPrince Ferdinand Aragon.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ukusuka ohlangothini, umshado oyimfihlo onjalo ubonakala unikelwe uthando futhi ugqoke imvelo yothando. Kodwa-ke, ukwahlulela ukuthi uMlobokazi noMlobokazi bahlangana okokuqala eValladolid, lo mshado wenziwa kuphela ezithakazelweni zezepolitiki.
I-King Aragon - uyise uFerdinanda - wabona kulombono lo mbumbulu. Futhi ngokwakhe u-Isabella, angafuni ukuba yi-pawn ezandleni zoMlinganikazi osekhulile owayehlangenwe nakho kwezepolitiki (Kwakungabazongeli abathola u-Enrique), bavuma ukushada nomfowabo wesibili - umkhulu osemncane, owayethembise umfowabo ukuze aphile eSarthe, Hlonipha imithetho yezwe futhi ungathathi noma yiziphi izixazululo ngaphandle kolwazi lweNdlovukazi.
Umshado oyimfihlo waphetha ngo-Okthoba 19, 1469. I-Retinue kaFerdinand bekufanele ithole incognito, efudumele ngabathengisi, u-Isabella washiya isigodlo esivela esigodlweni ngaphansi kwesigodlo sokuvakashela umama ogulayo.
IziKronike zichaza isithombe somakoti osemusha: amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ama-curls egolide kanye nesikhumba esimhlophe, umzimba awufani ngobuqili nomusa. U-Isabella wawungaphezulu nangaphezulu komngane womshado. UFerdinand, osemncane kunomkakhe unyaka, wayephelele kuye: emnyama njengezinwele ze-SMT, isikhumba esimnyama, amehlo ansundu. Indoda enhle yamenyezelwa, nayo yayinezingane ezingemthetho ezingemthetho ngaphambi komshado, yabolekwa emshadweni no-Isabella.
E-Official Union, izingane eziyi-10 zazalelwa eFerdinand nase-Isabella. Kulaba, babengamadodakazi angama-4 kuphela nendodana eyi-1 - uJuan Aturia, futhi ongazange aphile esihlalweni sobukhosi futhi ashonile eneminyaka engu-19.
Amadodakazi ka-Isabella Castilsk washiya uphawu lwabo emlandweni. Bobane baba izindlovukazi. U-Isabella Asturiaskaya noMaria Aragonian babeshade neNkosi yasePutukezi Manuel I (Ovdov, washada nodadewabo omncane kankosikazi wakhe). I-ekaterina aragoneskaya yaba ngunkosikazi weNkosi edume isiNgisi uHenry VENII Tudor. Ekugcineni, ihlanya likaJuan, elihlala kulo isihlalo sobukhosi saseCastilia, kwakungumkakhe weNkosi yaseSpain uFiliphu enhle.
Ukuphela kwesihlalo sobukhosi kanye nebhodi
U-Isabella uphuthume esihlalweni sobukhosi futhi waze wazenzela indlovukazi kaCashe kanye noLeon ngoDisemba 14, 1474, ngemuva kokushona kukaMfoweth 'u-Enrique. Inkosi ngaphambi kokuba ukufa kwakuthethelele umoya kadadewabo futhi kwavuma umshado wayo noFerdinand. Eqinisweni, le nyunyana, ihlanganisa i-casle ne-aragon, yadala umbuso waseSpain (inhlangano yezepolitiki egcwele yenzeka ngokungena kweNavarre ngo-1512).
Abasekeli bakaJuan Beltrunha baqala ukubhikisha ngokukhohlakele kuka-Isabella ukuba bazungeze izindlalifa eziqondile. Inkosi yasePortugal AfOnus v yasebenzisa lesi simo: Washada noJuan (ukuba ngumalume wakhe) futhi wahlasela uSwile ukuba abuyise amalungelo omkakhe esihlalweni sobukhosi. Lo mzabalazo waqhubeka waze waba ngo-1479, ngenxa yalokho, izinhlangothi zombili zaphetha umhlaba.
Ukukhiya imigqa yezwe, indlovukazi ebandakanyeka elungiselelweni langaphakathi: Kufakwe i-oda kanye nesiyalo esigodlweni, esingahlukanga ama-Enrique kanye nezomthetho.
E-Isabelle, engcwele ermandada yavela - ukuqunjelwa okuhlomile ekuvikelweni kwe-oda, lokhu kukhawulelwe kakhulu kuhulumeni wokuzithemba weSpanish Grande kanye neCortes. Amandla asebukhosini, kunalokho, avuka ngokwengeziwe, athola igunya eliphelele.
Ngomlando weminyaka engama-30 wokubusa kweNdlovukazi u-Isabella, okungenani izehlakalo ezi-3 ezinkulu ezithonya inkambo yomlando wezwe owenzekile. Owokuqala ukuphela kokuphela kwama-recreatists, impi engcwele, ememezelwe amaKhristu Arab Invasion kanye nokutshalwa kwenkolo yamaSulumane kuyo yonke inhlonhlo yePyreneren. Kuze kube ngu-1492, uGrananada kuphela ohlala ngaphansi kokubusa kwama-Arabhu. Ukuthatha amabutho ka-Isabella noFerdinand baleli dolobha kwakusho ukuphela kwezingxabano ezicishe zibe yi-7.
U-Isabella wayala futhi eSpain wonke ama-Arabhu namaJuda ukuze alwe nobumsulwa bokholo lwamaKatolika. I-InvierA kufanele ishiye izwe noma lithathe ubuKatolika. Okufanayo, njengoba sesithole ukholo olusha, ngawanga ngasese imicibisholo yakudala, yashiswa ngecala lokuphambana. Kamuva, ngeshwa kwaqala ukuhlala ezindaweni ezihlangene ezibizwa ngokuthi yiGhetto.
Futhi ekugcineni, isinyathelo sesithathu sika-Isabella, owaba yindaba, yimishini yokuphuma kolwandle uChristopher Columbus, umphumela wawukutholwa kwawo okuvela emazweni aseYurophu esikhathini esingu-1492 kuya ku-1504.
Ukushona
Kuyo yonke le minyaka, impilo yeNdlovukazi yenze buthaka: izikhala zokubeletha eziningi nokukhomba kwezenze umsebenzi wazo. Eminyakeni engu-50, waphenduka waba yisisulu, esasinikeza amadodakazi anikezwa amadodakazi ashada neminye imibuso.
Ukuqhuma kokugcina kwa-Isabella kwaba iqiniso elibi: Owesifazane wafunda ukuthi indodakazi yakhe ayithandayo kaJuan yayiyinhle kakhulu futhi ijabule - ehlupheka ngengqondo, njengogogo wayo.
Noma kunjalo, iNdlovukazi yamthanda kakhulu izibuthano zesihlalo sobukhosi saseSpain, kodwa e-Will yabonisa ukuthi endabeni yendodakazi engazwakali, ubaba wakhe uFerdinand uqokwe kabusha. NgoNovemba 1504, u-Isabella washona eMedina del campo ngenxa yokugula isikhathi eside. Ithuna le-monarch lisendaweni yasebukhosini eGranada.
Ngo-1515, umyeni wakhe uFerdinanda wangcwaba eduze kweNdlovukazi. Wasinda kumlingani iminyaka eyi-11, lapho aphatha khona uMzukulu washiya umzukulu waseKarl Habsburg - indodana kaJuan Mad noPhilip behle.
Ukukhumbula
I-biography yowesifazane omkhulu kangaka ngaso sonke isikhathi ikhanga ababhali, izinkomba kanye nabaculi. Ubuntu buka-Isabella Castilian squeezing yilabo abangu-Lingali. Indlela yakhe yokuphila inikelwe amanoveli eLorenz Shunovier "Queen Queen", K. W. Khtrestor "Klyatva Queen", Victoria Holt "Queen Castilskaya" kanye ne "Spain Lamakhosi."
Abalingisi abaningi abadumile abanyusa isithombe seNdlovukazi u-Isabella eCinema: I-Sigurnie Weaver kwifilimu "(1992), uChristopher Columbus" (1985), uRacher Columbus "(1985), uRaherher Columbus : Won of American "(1992), uFlorence Enddge eRibe" Christopher Columbus "(1949).
U-Isabella Castilskaya uvela ngisho nasekuchungechunge lwaseTurkey oludumile lwe-TV "lwekhulu leminyaka". Imibhalo yaqhamuka nomugqa wezindaba, ngokusho kwayo infanta encane yeCorsars ebabanjelwe kuyo, futhi indlovukazi yesikhathi esizayo iba abathunjwa kukaSultan Suleman. Kodwa-ke, izehlakalo ezichazwe ochungechungeni zingenakwenza lutho ngeqiniso lomlando.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- INdlovukazi yavuma ama-chess, futhi ehlonipha umlingiswa "indlovukazi" yaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi iNdlovukazi.
- Kunenganekwane ekuvinjezelweni kweGranada Isabella yanikeza i-zaveri ukuthi ingagezi kuze kube yilapho idolobha liwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izingubo zangaphansi zayo zangaphansi zithola i-tint ephuzi, abaseSpain namuhla babizwa ngokuthi "Isabel".
- Indlovukazi yavuma iminqumo, kodwa kuphela njenge-dessert, ngokulandelana kwayo, abapheki basenkantolo babenezithelo ezinhlelweni zoju.
- Ngomshini wohambo, uColumbus Queen u-Isabella waze wabeka ubucwebe bakhe, kepha lokhu akusekho okwanele ukusekelwa okuphelele kohambo. UMartin Alonso Pinson wasiza lo mthombo wezezimali - umnikazi womkhumbi waseSpain ocebile.