I-Biograge
Isazi sesayensi yezemidlalo evelele i-Erwin Schrödinger yaba ngumbhali wenqwaba yemisebenzi emcabangweni we-realtivity, i-cosmology, i-thermodynamics kanye neminye imiyalo yesayensi ehambisana nemifanekiso ethuthukile mayelana nesakhiwo sendawo yonke.
Ukuba ngenye yamaRhodeschalters of Quantum Mechanics, i-Austrian yathola umklomelo kaNobel ngamagama okubonisana kwezici zenkolo yenuzi futhi kamuva encwadini ethi "Iyini Impilo?" kufake isandla ekuthandeni kwemibono yofuzo omncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usosayensi wanaka kakhulu izindaba zefilosofi, izimiso zokuziphatha kanye nezinkolo futhi waba ngumlobi wokuhlolwa kwengqondo, owaziwa ngokuthi yi-paradax "cat schröshiser".
Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Erwin Rudolf Josef Josef Alexander Scherdenger wazalwa ngo-Agasti 12, 1887 emndenini womenzi waseVienna oqinile uRudolf Schrösenger neNdodakazi uProfessor-Chemist Georgy Emilia Brands Bauer. Abazali bathi bazibiza imibono ehlukene yenkolo, kepha babenesifiso esifanayo kwezemfundo nesayensi.Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoUbaba, owayenenkampani ekhiqizwa izinto zokwakha i-polyethylene, wayengusosayensi wama-amateur ophothule esikoleni sobuchwepheshe futhi wayipholola i-botaniko zoological capital ye-Austro-Hungary capital. Umama okhokho awo okhokho abehlala eBrithani, enesiNgisi futhi evunyelwa ukuhlanganyela ezingxoxweni nabathole iziqu zamanyuvesi amakhulu aseYurophu.
Lokhu kwaba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni okuguquguqukayo kweNdodana Yodwa, okwakuqala ukufundwa futhi kwafundwa izinto zemfundo ejwayelekile ngaphansi kokuholwa ngababusi abahle kakhulu. Lapho umfana eneminyaka eyi-11, wangenela kalula ekuzivocavoca okudala kakhulu kwezemfundo futhi waba yisigaba esihle kakhulu sabafundi kwizindlela zosizo lwabantu, ezazihlanganisa nokutadisha kwezilimi zakwamanye amazwe.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoImibono yobuhle ye-Erwin yasungulwa ngaphansi kwethonya lemidlalo yaseshashalazini lapho i-playwright yokudlalwa kwe-franz eyosiwe nabanye ababhali base-Austrian nabakwamanye amazwe njalo. Kungekudala kusho ukuthi usosayensi wesikhathi esizayo eshintsha, futhi, ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni, wanquma ukutadisha isayensi ngqo ezifundweni ze-physico-mathematics ze-University of Vienna. Kwakuyisikhathi esasiyisihluthulelo e-Biography yaseSchrödinger, eyayigqoke ithonya lomunye wamalungu omndeni odumile wakudala futhi wethule ama-theoretics weFriedrich Hazenurl.
Njengoba usuthole izisekelo ze-classical physics kanye nethiyori yamamodeli wezibalo ze-phenomena, u-Erwin walungisa izivivinyo, ngemuva kwalokho wethulwe ebhukwini lwamathuna. Iphrojekthi enikezelwe esifundweni somthelela womswakama wezindawo zezinto zokwakha ugesi zivumela insizwa ukuba iqede ngempumelelo ukuqeqeshwa kwathi ngo-1910 ukuthola iziqu zobudokotela kwifilosofi.
Isayensi
Umsebenzi wesayensi weSchrödinger waqala ngelebhu kaFranz Exner ngo-1911. Ukulandela imibono kathisha, umsizi osemusha wabandakanyeka ekuhlolweni emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bakagesi, ugesi wasemkhathini kanye nomsakazo, futhi waqhubeka nokufunda kahle imibono ye-classical mechanics, egcizelela izibalo ze-brownian kanye nezibalo zezibalo.
Ngo-1912, ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwalesi sihloko sencwadi yenkomba yase-University, igama elithi Schröcidingel laziwa ngemibuthano yezemfundo, kanye nokucaciswa okusebenzayo kwemibono yePhysics uVictor Franz Hess kwaletha umklomelo we-novice Prestigious Haitinger-Pres Award. Ngasikhathi sinye, u-Erwin wadlula izivivinyo zesikhundla se-Privat-Dosessory futhi ngemuva kokusebenza emaphethelweni empi yezwe yokuqala, waqala ukuhlanganisa umsebenzi wokucwaninga nokufundisa.
Kancane kancane, ukusuka ekuqinisekisweni kokuhlolwa kwemibono ekhona, uSchredinger athathe izingqinamba ze-colometry futhi afake isandla kwisayensi, izinto zokushicilela ezisuselwa emisebenzini yeHelmagolz, uMaxcy Clerk noThomas Jung.
Lapho uchaza uhlelo lwe-metric lwe-Colour Space, oluvumele ukuhlonza izici eziningi zezakhi ezibukhali, u-Erwin ehlongoza ezakhe ukubheka izici zakhe zomzimba zombono nangemva kokushicilelwa kwezibuyekezo eziningana zaba nguchwepheshe ohlonishwayo ngombono obonakalayo.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoNgo-1921, iSchröser yathuthela eSwitzerland futhi yavumelana nabameleli besikole sezobuchwepheshe esiphakeme saseZurich Herman Weelem, uPaul Shererent, uPeter Debeleka nabanye. Ozakwabo baphoqa usosayensi ocwaningweni olusemkhakheni we-quantum theory, ovule umgwaqo oya ekwakhiweni kwama-wave mechanics kanye nokusungulwa kwe-equation ye-athomu ye-hydrogen.
Ukutadisha imisebenzi ka-Albert Einstein, u-Arnold Zommrfeld, uMax Planck nabanye onjiniyela bezisekelo zama-quantum mechanics, usosayensi wase-Austrian wahlanganyela ekuchazeni inkolelo-mpilo eBerlin University of Friedrich Wilhelm III.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoIsimo saseYurophu isikhungo saseYurophu sesayensi sizuze ngempilo yeScyredinger, embule ifomula yomphumela we-doppler futhi yahlela imigomo emisha ye-quantum theory ngesisekelo sokucatshangelwa okuhlobene nokuhlobana.
Kusukela ngo-1926, e-Germany edition enikezelwe ezinkingeni zokuhlola, theoretical, mathematical kanye nezinto ezisetshenzisiwe, amakhanda womunye wemisebenzi edume kakhulu ye-Austrian "amandla njengomsebenzi kuma-Eigenvalues" aqala ukuphrinta. Engxenyeni yesithathu yocwaningo eshicilelwe ngoMeyi 1926, i-Erwin yaqala ukubona igama elithi "mechanics ka-wave" ukuchaza le migomo yendlela yayo yesayensi esihlokweni esifundwayo.
Umphakathi wezemfundo washeshe wacosha imibono ye-Austrian Loorist futhi waqala ukusetshenziselwa ukuxazulula imisebenzi eyisisekelo ye-quantum theory. USchrödinger waqala ukumema imiphakathi yaseYurophu emihlanganweni, wabe esehlela uhambo olubanzi lwezinkulumo zamadolobha ase-US.
Ngo-1933, lapho isimo sezepolitiki eJalimane sesishintshile, uScredinger washiya i-University of Berlin futhi ngemuva kokuthuthela e-UK wafunda ukuthi waba ngumklomelo kaNobel emkhakheni wePhysics kanye ne-Anglicin Field of Dirac.
Ukuba yilungu labasebenzi bokufundisa be-Oxford College Magdalene, erwin, futhi akuzange kusetshenziswe ekuziphatheni okudumile kozakwabo - oprofesa. Ngo-1936, lesi sifundi saphindela ezweni lakubo kafushane, sabe sesithola isikhundla soMnyango woMnyango we-Theoretical Physics e-Ireland Institute of High Ucwaningo Nomfundisi eDublin University.
Ngalesi sikhathi, usosayensi wethule ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kozakwabo, okwaziwa ngokuthi i-quantum paradox "Kota Schröser", ngakho-ke into ebilahlwe ukubonwa kungaba ngamazwe amabili ahlukile ngasikhathi sinye. Ukusakaza ucwaningo olushicilelwe ngaphambili lwe-Einstein - Podolsky - I-Rosen, i-Austrian yafakazela isidingo semithetho eminingi ekhombisa izimo zokushintsha okusheshayo kwesimo sento eyinkimbinkimbi.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, u-Erwin wajwayelana nemisebenzi yomsunguli waseJalimane we-The Theoretical Physics futhi waqala ukudala umbono owodwa wensimu yokudonsela phansi futhi wacwaninga emkhakheni we-electromagnetism. Ngawo-1940s, iSchröser yaba nesithakazelo kwe-biology futhi yashicilela iqoqo lezinkulumo ezibizwa ngokuthi "Iyini Impilo?", Enikezelwe ekucabangeni kwezingqinamba zofuzo ngokuya nge-physics kanye nefilosofi.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950s, u-Erwin wabuyela eMhlabeni wase-Austrian futhi waba nguprofesa ohlonishwayo wesikhungo semfundo saseMetropolitan. Kuze kube manje, ezinqolobaneni zomlando, indawo ehlonishwayo iphethwe isithombe sokugcwala kweSchrödinger eNyuvesi yaseVienna, lapho, ngaphezu kwegama, indlela ebonakalayo esungulwe ososayensi baqoshwe.
Ifilosofi
Ngawo-1950 no-1960, umphakathi uhlangane nemibono yefilosofi yeSchrödinger, eyethulwe emisebenzini "yesayensi kanye nobuntu", "imvelo namaGrikhi" kanye "nengqondo kanye nendaba". Ngokunikeza inkokhiso kwabacabangi wakudala, u-Erwin wazama ukukhulula ingqondo kusuka ekubandlululweni ezintweni ezifundwayo futhi wazi ubunjalo beqiniso bokuziphatha kwemvelo.Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoIzazi-mlando zibonisa ukuthi i-Austrian yayiyinto efanelekile, kodwa eqinisweni, ekubukeni emphakathini wesintu, isayensi nenkolo, yayinamathela indlela yokufunda yenhloso, yanethemba lokuthi amasiko aseNdiya naseMpumalanga. Okufanayo bekunemibuzo yesayensi, izimiso zokuziphatha kanye nobunye, okwakuyingqikithi yemisebenzi ephakathi kwefilosofi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
U-Erwin Schrödinger, owakhulela emndenini wamasiko ane-strata eqinile yokuziphatha neyokuziphatha, kwakungeyona indoda eyisibonelo emndenini empilweni yakhe.
Naphezu komshado wonyaka omude nowesifazane ogama lakhe ngu-Anneyari Bretel, usosayensi wase-Austrian wabangela amangali amaningi futhi wawunguyise wezingane eziningana ezingaphandle. Kuyathakazelisa iqiniso lokuthi ukuhlakanipha kuka-Erwin kwaba abafazi babangane nabasebenza nabo emsebenzini, bavale amehlo abo kubukhosi obuningi bomndeni kanye nobudlelwano bomndeni wamahhala.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoPhezulu kokuziphatha okubi, abasebenza ezingogazini babheka ukuxhumeka namantombazane amabili asencane ngo-1925-1930.
U-Annearian akazange ahlale ezikweletini futhi futhi enamanoveli namadoda avela endaweni yezemfundo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaphela iminyaka emi-2 wasibeka indawo yokuhlala nonkosikazi wososayensi wase-Austrian Arthur Marha, owazala uSchröre, owazala uSchröse, owayezalwa nguRuth Georgina.
Kodwa-ke, ukungabi nandaba koshade ongokomthetho azange baqhubeke kuze kube phakade, kwathi ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1940, baqala ukuhlushwa ukuhlaselwa kokudangala, okwakuhlala njalo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kodokotela.
Ukushona
Ekujuleni komphefumlo, iSchrösenger, eyamukelwa njengezikhathi ngesayensi evelele kakhulu yesayensi yangekhulu lama-20, yahlushwa ama-wardings aphakade kanye nokuhlukana nezwe. Impilo yakhe yahlehliswa yisifo sofuba esitholakala eZurich ngo-1921-1922.
Naphezu kokwelashwa okujwayelekile kuma-sanatorimis ngaphansi kokugadwa kodokotela abahle kakhulu baseYurophu, lesi sifo sathuthuka futhi ekugcineni sabangela imbangela yokufa, ukufumana i-physics esibhedlela saseVienna ngoJanuwari 4, 1961.
Izwe lesayensi liyadabuka ngokushona kozakwabo odumile, futhi abalandeli bezimfundiso zakhe babehlala bevakashela ethuneni elisedolobhaneni laseTyrolean e-Alpbach.
Imiklomelo kanye nomklomelo
- Ngo-1920 - Umklomelo Ophezulu
- Ngo-1927 - Metauchchi Medal
- Ngo-1929 - Ilungu le-Austrian Academy of Science
- Ngo-1933 - Umklomelo KaNobel ku-physics
- Ngo-1934 - Ilungu le-USSR Academy of Science
- Ngo-1937 - UMax Plank Medal
- Ngo-1937 - Ilungu lePpal Academy of Science
- Ngo-1949 - Ilungu leLondon Royal Society
- 1956 - Umklomelo we-Erwin Schröser
- Ngo-1957 - Isibonakaliso Sokuhlonishwa Kwase-Austrian "ngeSayensi nezobuciko"