Ukugeleza komoya oshukumisayo kubizwa ngokuthi umoya. Lokhu kubhekwa hhayi kuphela emhlabeni, kodwa nakwamanye amaplanethi ngisho nezinkanyezi. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi kunomoya onamalanga, futhi futhi kufakazele umthelela wakhe oqondile esimweni sezulu kanye nenhlala-kahle yabantu. Ngokwesimo salesi simo - ku-Material 24cm.
Uyini umoya welanga
Wawa kuphi iTungusian Meteorist? Imiphumela kanye ne-hypothesis
Umoya welanga uyizinhlayiya ezi-Iones ezivela elangeni. I-Luminaire ekhipha imifudlana ngezindlela ezihlukile, eziqukethe i-hydrogen-helium plasma. Izinga lokushisa lomqhele wenkanyezi likhulu, ngakho-ke, ijubane lenhlangano ye-elektroni enama-ions kuwo likhulu kakhulu kangangokuba amabutho adonsela phansi awakwazi ukugcina into. Umphumela uba iqiniso lokuthi ezinye izinhlayiya zindiza ziye esikhaleni sangaphandle.
Musa ukudida into ecatshangelwe kanye nokukhanya kwelanga. Owokuqala ukugeleza kwezinhlayiya ezi-Iones. Futhi okwesibili ukugeleza kwama-photons okungakhokhiswanga futhi ekuhambeni okuqhubekayo, ukuthuthukisa ukushesha kuze kube yi-300,000 km / s futhi kufinyelelwe emhlabeni imizuzwana engu-8-16.
Yini ijubane "lishaya" umoya welanga
Kuyafaneleka ukwazisa ukuthi isenzo esithi "ukushaya" asilungele kakhulu incazelo yalesi simo, ngoba umoya welanga awufani noMhlaba - akufani nomoya wenkanyezi. Izinhlayiya ezi-Ioned zindiza amakhilomitha angama-400 ngomzuzwana, kwesinye isikhathi ukusheshisa ku-500-800 km / s.Abaphenyi bahlanganyela izinhlobo ezimbili zomoya welanga:
- I-Slow - MEENE, yakha ekunwetshisweni kwezinga lokushisa kwamagesi ama-Ionizet ku-equator ye-vone. Imifudlana ye-plasma ye-coronal ngaphansi kwethonya lenqubo eguquguqukayo ithuthukisa ijubane lifinyelela kuma-400 km / s.
- Fast - Ukuncipha ezitsheni zeCoronal. Imicu ikhishwa emhlabathini izinsuku ezingama-27 - Ngalesi sikhathi inkanyezi yenza ijika eliphelele lizungeze i-eksisi.
Futhi, ososayensi baqopha ukugeleza okugcwele kwe-nterberwed, ijubane lawo lingu-1000-1200 km / s. Isimo esifanayo senzeka ngenxa yokuphuma kwama-coronal, okubangela izivunguvungu zezikhali.
Umthelela emhlabathini
Umoya weSunny unama-heterogeneous - njengoba inkanyezi ijikeleza, ukugeleza okusheshayo nokuhamba kancane kuhlangana nomhlabathi. Izinguquko ezihlala njalo eVelocity yezinhlayiya zikhonjiswa ngokungafanele emhlabeni weplanethi, ezibangela izivunguvungu zezikhali, i-polar khanyayo nezinye izinto.
Izinhlayiya ze-Iones zidlulisela umkhathi wamandla asemkhathini futhi kubangela ukukhanya - i-polar kukhanye. Futhi lapho izinhlayiya ezikhokhisiwe ezikhokhisiwe zithunjwa futhi zibanjwa zizungeze iplanethi enenkaba kazibuthe, kwakhiwa ibhande lemisebe.
Futhi, intomo yento ithinta isimo sezulu, kufaka phakathi ukwakheka kwe-Thunder Fronts. Ezinsukwini, lapho izinhlayiya ezikhokhisiwe zifika emhlabeni, umbani uvame ukwakhiwa emkhathini. Futhi njengoba umsebenzi welanga ulandelwa ama-satellite, imiphumela yocwaningo isiza ukufunda ngamathuba okuduma okuqinile.
Ososayensi bafakazele umphumela we-phenomenon emzimbeni womuntu. Abaphenyi basesikhungweni saseRussia esiqanjwe ngemuva kokuthi i-SCRF RAS ihlaziye isibalo sezikhalazo zokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha isikhathi esithile futhi sathola ukuthi ngezinsuku zeziphepho zezinkabu, inhlala-kahle yabantu abaphethwe yisikhathi esiningi .
Ukuqapha imingcele yohlelo
Ngakho-ke, umoya welanga uyisimo esimelela ingozi ethile emhlabeni. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye esidingekayo kwisimiso sonozungezilanga ukuvikela owokugcina amabutho abhubhisayo ama-cosmos. Imifudlana yezinhlayiya ezikhokhisiwe ihanjiswa yigesi ye-interstellar. Emngceleni wokushayisana komoya welanga ngemisebe ye-cosmic, kwakhiwa i-heliPausea - udonga lwe-plasma olushisayo. Le ndawo yenza buthaka imisebe, okuvela kwezinye izinkanyezi nokuqhuma kweSupernova.I-NASA ikhiphe i-Voyager 2 Probe, okuyinto ngonyaka we-2018 yadlula e-heliopase. Into eqoqwe imininingwane mayelana nokushisa kwale ndawo, okusemngceleni wesistimu yelanga ifinyelela kuma-31,000 ° C. Le nkomba yaphenduka iphakeme kunalokho okwenziwa ososayensi. Abaphenyi baphetha ngokuthi amandla okushayisana komoya welanga nemisebe yama-cosmic enamandla amakhulu kunalokho obekufanele.
Ukutadisha Into
Imibono yokuqala mayelana nokuba khona komoya onozungezilanga kwavela maphakathi nekhulu le-XIX. Lo mcabango uvezwe ngo-1859 nge-Astronomer esuka e-UK Richard Carrington. Lapho ebheka ukuqubuka kokuqubuka kwelanga, umcwaningi waphawula ukuthi ngakusasa kwaqala isivunguvungu se-geomagnetic emhlabeni. Usosayensi ubeke phambili i-hypothesis ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwalezi zimo.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-70, izazi zezinkanyezi zibalwa izinga lokushisa lomqhele welanga - ngaphezulu kwezigidi eziyisigidi uCelsius. IBritish Geophysician Sydney Chepman yabona ukuthi ngezikhombisi zokushisa ezinjalo, igesi ihlakazeka ukushisa kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ukusuka e-orbit yomhlaba. Umthelela ocwaningweni lwalesi simo esimweni sezinkanyezi wenziwa ngososayensi waseJalimane uLudwig Birmann, owafakazela ubukhona bomoya ngosizo olubonwa ohlelweni lwelanga. Umcwaningi wabona ukuthi umsila walezi zinto uqondiswe ohlangothini oluphambene nenkanyezi. Isazi sezinkanyezi sikholelwa ukuthi umsila uvela ngenxa yokugeleza kwezinhlayiya ezifaka ingcindezi kugesi.
Ukuchazwa kwe- "Wind enelanga" eyethulwe ngo-1958 e-American Eugene Parker. Isazi sezinkanyezi sahlaziya ucwaningo lukaBurman kanye nabakwaBurman nabakwa-Chepmen futhi babona okulandelayo: Ukuvuselelwa okushisayo komqhele welanga kukuhle kangangokuba izingqimba zalo eziphezulu zihlala ziphakeme ngokwanele futhi zizosuswa ngokwanele nangokususwa okuvela ku-kernel of the vone, lapho izinkanyezi izinkanyezi zincipha khona. Lokhu kuvumela ingxenye "yomoya" izikhwebu ze-helium, ama-protons kanye nama-elektroni andiza esikhaleni se-interstellar.
Imibono ithole isisekelo sobufakazi ngo-1959. Ucwaningo lwenzeka esiteshini se-USSR esisethulwe "Luna-1". Futhi ngonyaka we-2016, inqubo yokuvela kwama-Ioned Particle Threads uqobo lwasenzeka e-NASA Stereo Observatory.
UMagnetic Millennium Buri.
Ekuhambeni kocwaningo esevele kushiwo uCarrington waphawula ubudlelwane phakathi kokuqubuka enkabeni yenkanyezi yonozungezilanga kanye nezinguquko ekukhuleni komhlaba. NgoSepthemba 1859, i-Astromer iqophe isivunguvungu sozibuthe, eyaba isifundo esinamandla kakhulu sale nto futhi yathola igama elithi "Carrington umcimbi".Usosayensi waqopha amabala elanga endaweni yenkanyezi. I-Flash yavusa ukuphuma kwe-coronal okufinyelele ebusweni bomhlaba amahora angama-18 esikhundleni sezinsuku ezingama-3-4. Isiphepho se-geomagnetic, esaqala ngoSepthemba 1, 1859, izingcingo ezikhubazekile eYurophu nase-United States, futhi amalambu asenyakatho abonwa ngisho nangaphezu kwamaCaribbeans.
NgoMashi 1989, kwaphela esinye isivunguvungu se-geomagnetic, esaba namandla kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkathi yesikhala, abacwaningi ababizwa ngokuthi "ubumnyama beQuebec". Ngegama elinikeziwe, umcimbi wesifundazwe saseCanada, abakhiqizi bagesi bahlulekile, futhi abantu abayizigidi eziyisithupha bahlala bengaphansi. Umcimbi ufakazele ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kokuqubuka elangeni kanye nomsebenzi wemishini.
NgoJulayi 2012, kwenzeke okunye okunamandla okukhulu kwamakhorali. Ngokusho kwalesi siphepho se-geomagnetic, lesi siphepho se-geomagnetic singancintisana no "Carrington umcimbi". Ngenhlanhla, ingxenye yomoya welanga, lapho kwenzeka khona i-flash, yaphendulwa ngaphesheya komhlaba.
Imithombo yamandla obucayi
Umoya weSunny uheha abacwaningi njengomthombo wamandla. Abasebenzi baseWashington State University bakholelwa ukuthi amaseyili elanga angama-8400-kilometer azosiza ukuqoqa amandla omoya - ngakho-ke kuhlelwa ukukhiqiza i-3 quintillion GW yamandla. Futhi, ososayensi bahlela ukuhlola isiyaluyalu salesi simo sento ukuze bafunde ukuthi bangayithola kanjani i-stalmonium kusuka ku-star plasma - esibonelweni sezinkanyezi "zomoya" bafuna ukwazi ngaphansi kwalokhu kusebenza.